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Biomedical subjects

M Fischler

Publications and source records attributed to M Fischler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Bilateral single lung transplantation. Complications and results in 14 patients.

Between November 1989 and April 1991, 14 bilateral single lung transplantations (BSLT) were performed at our institution using the technique we have described without omentoplasty and rarely cardiopulmonary bypass. The indications included emphysema (8), cystic fibrosis (3), infected fibrosis (1), alveolar microlithiasis (1) and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (1). Maximum mean pulmonary artery pressure was 53 mmHg and minimal right ventricular ejection fraction was 15%. Two patients experienced bronchial complications: 1 complete left bronchial dehiscence, 1 late partial stenosis which required a temporary insertion of a stent. One patient had a posterior dehiscence which healed spontaneously. Five patients died postoperatively (3 of infection, 1 after a volume mismatch and 1 after a circulating anticoagulant). BSLT is the technique of choice for double lung transplantation in adults and heart lung transplantation has very few indications in infected end-stage pulmonary disease. We hope that modification of our immunosuppressive regimen will decrease postoperative mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Anesthesia for bilateral lung transplantation without cardiopulmonary bypass: initial experience and review of intraoperative problems.

Bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) is a recently described procedure based on two sequential single-lung transplantations (SLT), which are performed by a transverse sternobithoracotomy. It does not require either cardiac arrest or routine use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The intraoperative management of 10 patients suffering from end-stage pulmonary disease is reported. Implantation of the first graft is quite similar to a SLT. Problems encountered during this procedure (ie, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or low cardiac output) were due to restricted pulmonary and cardiac reserve. Preoperative and intraoperative assessment of the recipient's respiratory and cardiac status was, therefore, of prime importance. Mild preoperative pulmonary hypertension, well-preserved right ventricular function, and removal of the less well-perfused lung limited these difficulties; no patient required partial CPB at this stage. During the second lung implantation, gas exchange was provided by the first grafted lung. Measurements of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), venous admixture (Qva/Qt), and dead space (VD/VT) assessed with the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 difference were used to confirm the adequacy of perfusion and V/Q matching. In one patient, partial CPB was instituted because of surgical difficulty related to inadequate size matching of the lungs. In the other patients, first graft function was satisfactory and the second graft was implanted without CPB. With chest closure, PVR returned to nearly normal values (range, 57-293, mean 167 dynes.s.cm-5) and Qva/Qt increased (range, 3 to 36, mean 20%). This limited series demonstrates that CPB is optional during this procedure. Good selection of recipients and donors, good lung preservation methods, and a short duration of cold ischemia are essential to success.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Etomidate modifies hemodynamic response to fentanyl in patients with impaired left ventricular function].

The haemodynamic effects and the side-effects of anaesthesia using high doses of fentanyl were compared in two groups of 12 patients each. All the patients had poor left ventricular function and were scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery or valvular replacement. Patients were randomly assigned to either group. In group EF, patients were given 5 micrograms.kg-1 of fentanyl, followed by 0.3 mg.kg-1 of etomidate. Once they had lost consciousness, they were given 15 mg of pancuronium and 25 micrograms.kg-1 of fentanyl over a 5 min period. Patients in group F received the full 30 micrograms.kg-1 dose of fentanyl over a 5 min period, followed by 15 mg of pancuronium. The patients were intubated 2 min after the end of the fentanyl infusion. They were mechanically ventilated with 100% oxygen. Anaesthesia was maintained with a continuous infusion of fentanyl (total dose 100 micrograms.kg-1). The usual haemodynamic parameters were monitored and calculated, as well as pain during injection of the drugs, myoclonia, chest wall rigidity and the time to loss of consciousness. The two groups were comparable with respect to age, weight, height and surgery. One third of the patients in group EF complained of pain during etomidate injection. The time required to loose consciousness was shorter in group EF (55 +/- 16 sec) than in group F (177 +/- 56 sec) (p < 0.001). The cardiac index decrease in group EF (2.0 +/- 0.4 l.min-1.m-2 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.4 l.min-1.m-2) (p < 0.05), respectively between the time just before tracheal intubation (T1), and 10 min after tracheal intubation (T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1992

Severe hypertension during postpartum haemorrhage after i.v. administration of prostaglandin E2.

Severe hypertension with arterial spasm was observed after i.v. administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during uterine exploration under general anaesthesia for control of postpartum haemorrhage. This hypertension was exceptional because PGE2 is known to cause a decrease in systemic arterial pressure. Different hypotheses for this paradoxical hypertensive crisis after PGE2 administration are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Penetration of vancomycin in uninfected sternal bone.

Concentrations of vancomycin in sternal bones of 10 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied at steady state, 48 h after starting intravenous prophylaxis. A sample of sternal bone was taken before (group I) or after (group II) cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean vancomycin concentrations in sternal bones were not significantly different between the groups and were 9.3 +/- 3.0 micrograms/g. The concentrations of vancomycin in sternal bones were always above the MICs for staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Single lung transplantation].

Thirteen single lung transplantations have been performed in our department for non-infected end-stage lung diseases. Two patients died after surgery; a female patient died of uterine carcinoma one year and six months after the operation. The remaining ten patients are alive; they have resumed an active life and often working. The number of single lung transplantation is rapidly growing in the world, whereas heart-lung transplantation is regressing considerably.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Double lung transplantation. The "bilateral single" graft].

We present 10 cases of a new double lung transplantation technique: following, then the other, without requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. This "bilateral single" lung transplantation procures all the advantages of single lung transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High-dose alfentanil for myocardial revascularization: a hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic study.

It has been suggested that high plasma levels of alfentanil are required in order to control hemodynamic responses to noxious stimuli in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. The present study was designed to determine the hemodynamic profile in 10 patients and the time course of alfentanil plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics (7 patients) during and following coronary artery surgery using alfentanil administration based on an overdosage principle. Premedication consisted of lorazepam, 0.07 mg/kg, given 2 hours before surgery. Ten milligrams of alfentanil was given over 5 minutes for anesthesia induction, followed by an infusion of 60 mg/h until sternotomy and 30 mg/h up to skin closure. Additional 5-mg boluses were given prior to noxious intraoperative events. Hemodynamic measurements were performed prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood was sampled simultaneously prebypass and then during the postbypass period for determination of alfentanil plasma levels. The very high alfentanil plasma concentrations achieved provided satisfactory intraoperative conditions in most, but not all, patients. Recovery time was short, despite the large amounts of narcotic used. It is concluded that very high doses of alfentanil associated with lorazepam premedication resulted in hemodynamic stability and markedly elevated narcotic plasma concentrations in most patients. Such plasma levels seem to provide satisfactory anesthetic conditions.

Alfentanil↗
PubMed1991

[Anesthesia in unilateral pulmonary transplantation].

Single lung transplantation was performed in several steps: laparotomy to prepare an omentopexy, followed by pneumonectomy and implantation of a pulmonary graft, both by postero-lateral thoracotomy. The patients suffered from lymphangiomyomatosis (1), panacinar emphysema (2) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (1). Immunosuppressive treatment was started before surgery. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with alfentanil, midazolam and vecuronium. The patients were intubated with a Carlens endotracheal tube. Ventilation was carried out using an oxygen-air mixture, without any nitrous oxide or halogenated anaesthetic agent. Besides the usual parameters, expired CO2 concentrations, and oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery were monitored. Partial femoro-femoral cardiopulmonary bypass was not required. Three major problems were encountered: hypoxia, hypercapnia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hypoxia first occurred during the period of one-lung ventilation, during pneumonectomy, and again after unclamping of the graft vessels before the bronchus had been anastomosed. It was treated either by increasing the FiO2, inflating the lungs with pure oxygen, or partial clamping of the homolateral pulmonary artery. Hypercapnia occurred in three of the four patients until the graft was ventilated again. Except in one patient with preoperative pulmonary hypertension, the increase in pulmonary vascular resistances remained moderate after clamping of the pulmonary artery. Sufficient oxygen delivery, with more than 50% venous oxygen saturation, was maintained at this time by the infusion of dopamine and dobutamine. Two other specific problems were encountered in the emphysematous patients: severe hypotension following the start of artificial ventilation and after placing the patient in lateral position; thoracic asymetry with overdistension of the emphysematous lung, and mediastinal shift.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Relation of the fall in PO2 in ventilation of the lower lung in pulmonary surgery and the preoperative distribution of respiratory function].

Hypoxaemia during one-lung ventilation is influenced by the anatomic distribution of lung perfusion and hypoxic vasoconstriction. This study aimed to assess whether preoperative selective bronchospirometry could predict the degree of peroperative hypoxaemia. Twelve patients scheduled for pneumonectomy, lobectomy, wedge resection or decortication were included in the study. Preoperative data included the usual spirometric parameters, oxygen consumption, minute ventilation of each lung and arterial blood gases. A Carlens or Robertshaw tube was inserted in each case; the patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen and halothane was used for anaesthesia. Blood gases were measured during surgery before and after upper lung exclusion. When both lungs were ventilated, mean PaO2 was 390.5 +/- 92.4 mmHg; during one-lung ventilation, it fell to 210.8 +/- 109.2 mmHg. Routine spirometry could not predict the magnitude of fall in PaO2; however, it was correlated with the bronchospirometric oxygen consumption of each lung (r = 0.83; p less than 0.01). The anatomical distribution of lung perfusion seemed to be the predominant factor influencing the decrease in PaO2 during one-lung ventilation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Development of anesthetic technics for resection-anastomosis of the trachea].

A series is reported of 109 patients, 45 +/- 18 yr old, undergoing tracheal sleeve resection. 101 patients had iatrogenic tracheal stenosis, 5 tracheal cylindroma, 2 tracheal cancer and 1 tracheal trauma. 84 patients underwent preoperative laser coagulation to increase the airway internal diameter. Anaesthesia for the sleeve resection was induced by thiopentone, and maintained by an opiate, nitrous oxide and, if necessary, a volatile anesthetic. Patients were intubated, after having been given a muscle relaxant, with either a normal length and diameter tube with a low pressure cuff, or a narrow (internal diameter less than 6 mm) 50 cm long tube with or without a low pressure cuff. Patients with long tubes were ventilated with intermittent positive pressure, and the others with high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) via a urethral catheter within the endotracheal tube. 20% of the long tubes had to be replaced during surgery because of perforation of the cuff by a tracheal stitch. In all, six patients died, one as a result of a pneumothorax and air embolus due to HFJV. Preoperative photocoagulation reduced the risk of induction and intubation; the choice of endotracheal tube no longer depended on the tracheal diameter, but on the method of ventilation chosen. However, HFJV has tended to be phased out, except for the surgery of lesions close to the carena; it has been replaced by intermittent positive pressure ventilation via long tubes. Because laser photocoagulation can completely cure small stenoses, these patients requiring surgery were those with long stenoses which were difficult to treat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Hypoxia secondary to the failure of an oxygen-air-nitrous oxide mixer].

A case is reported of hypoxia occurring during anaesthesia in a spontaneously breathing ASA I patient. The patient became cyanotic twice when breathing a gas mixture delivered by a safety mixer. Changing the machine solved the immediate problem. The diagnosis was difficult to make because the rotameters all showed normal delivery of oxygen and nitrous oxide. Oximetry elucidated the cause, which was found to be a defective rapid oxygen control. Because these machines do not appear to be absolutely reliable, the use of gas analysers should become more systematic.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Changes in intrathoracic pressures induced by positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation after cardiac surgical procedures.

The consequences of controlled ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were studied, after cardiac surgical procedures, in two groups of patients supposed to have different lung and chest wall mechanical properties. The first group included 6 patients who had undergone coronary artery graft surgical procedures (CGS). The second group included 5 patients who had undergone a mitral valve replacement (MVR). Postoperatively, static lung and chest wall compliance was measured by stepwise inflation and deflation of the thorax. Esophageal, pericardial, and pleural pressures were then measured, and cardiac output was determined while PEEP was increased from 0 to 20 cm H2O. Lung and chest wall compliance values sharply decreased in MVR patients. This accounts for the lower values for pleural and pericardial pressures in this group than in the CGS patient group, but the transmission of airway pressure was identical in the two groups when PEEP was increased. The decrease in cardiac output induced by PEEP was similar in the two groups. The results suggest that the opposing influences of lung and chest wall compliance on airway pressure transmission could at least partly explain the hemodynamic effects of PEEP in patients in whom the mechanical properties of the lung and thorax are impaired. PEEP ventilation should be used cautiously in patients suspected of having thoracic rigidity.

Cardiac Output↗