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Biomedical subjects

M Flach

Publications and source records attributed to M Flach.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Acute barrier disruption by adhesive tapes is influenced by pressure, time and anatomical location: integrity and cohesion assessed by sequential tape stripping. A randomized, controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Tape stripping is an established procedure in stratum corneum (SC) physiology research. Adhesive films are pressed to the surface of the skin and then removed. The superficial layers of the SC adhere to the film and are accessible for further investigations. Although this method is widely used, only scant information about standardization is known. Various protocols are used but are difficult to compare. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the type of tape, pressure, time, anatomical site and type of applied pressure. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers (age range 20-31 years) were entered in a randomized, controlled study with sequential tape stripping at the volar forearm, upper arm, cheek and back. Different methods (roller, stamp, thumb, stretched skin), total duration of applied pressure (2 s, 10 s), degrees of pressure (2 N stamp, 7 N stamp) and different tapes (D-Squame, Corneofix, Blenderm) were investigated and the impact on barrier function assessed by transepidermal water loss measurements. Furthermore, measurements of SC hydration, skin colour and skin surface pH were performed. Spectroscopic measurements and a Bradford protein assay to determine the mass of removed SC were carried out in parallel. RESULTS: The degree of barrier disruption, irritation and SC cohesion is influenced by the character of adhesive tapes, total duration of applied pressure (2 s, 10 s; 2 N, 7 N), the kind of method for pressure application (roller, stamp, thumb, stretched skin), anatomical site and condition before stripping (occlusion vs. nonocclusion). The spectroscopic assessment and Bradford protein assay determination showed a significant correlation (P < 0.0001; r = 0.7041). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed significant differences between different factors on controlled barrier disruption. The results indicate the importance of defining these factors when a study is initiated and when results of different studies should be compared. Based on our data we propose using a 2 N stamp for a duration of 2 s on 15 sequential D-Squame tape strips on the volar forearm and then discarding the first and second strips. This approach allows the performance of a standardized study with a reasonable amount of resources.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Functional assessment of a washing emulsion for sensitive skin: mild impairment of stratum corneum hydration, pH, barrier function, lipid content, integrity and cohesion in a controlled washing test.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Sensitive skin has been described as a skin type with higher reactivity than normal skin and exaggerated reactions to external irritants. Washing with soaps is harmful for barrier-related parameters. Cutaneous irritation induced by cleansing products under exaggerated test conditions, e.g. patch testing, is not necessarily predictive of the irritation occurring under standardized daily use conditions. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of an improved washing solution for sensitive skin in a half-site comparison on barrier-related parameters. METHODS: Thirty healthy volunteers with self-reported sensitive and so-called problematic skin performed standardized washings with a soap-free washing emulsion with mild acidity (pH 5.5) for 3 weeks. Test areas were both forearms and the cheek. Non-invasive biophysical measurements of the following skin parameters, epidermal permeability barrier function measured as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration, pH value, skin surface lipids, skin temperature and SC integrity/cohesion, were assessed prior to the first washing, on days 7, 14 and 21 after beginning the washing procedure. SC cohesion was quantified using two independent methods on D-Squame tapes: optical spectroscopy measuring the absorbance and a protein assay assessing the total protein (Bradford). Both methods showed a good correlation. SC integrity was quantified by measuring TEWL after sequential stripping with D-Squame tapes. RESULTS: The use of the washing emulsion led to a mild damage of the epidermal permeability barrier function with no marked difference to water application. Furthermore, a mild but significant dehydration was assessed after 21 days vs. baseline without any differences between the water-treated and the washing emulsion-treated forearm. On the cheek no dehydration was detectable but the lipid content was reduced under the washing emulsion. The pH value increased in all three test areas after 21 days, again without significant differences between water and the washing solution. SC cohesion was quantified using two independent methods on D-Squame tapes: optical spectroscopy measuring the absorbance and a protein assay assessing the total protein (Bradford). Both methods showed a good correlation. The SC cohesion decreased after 21 days on the water-treated as well as on the washing emulsion-treated arm. The decrease over time was significant when used the optical spectroscopy measuring. A standardized questionnaire revealed positive characteristics of the washing emulsion and good acceptance. CONCLUSION: The investigated standardized washing model with the endpoints epidermal barrier function, SC hydration, surface pH, skin surface lipids, skin temperature and SC integrity/cohesion showed only mild damage comparable to washing with water.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

[The problem of deeply situated parotid tumors].

Of 804 surgically treated parotid gland tumours, every fifth (19.9%) was situated medially from the 8th cranial nerve. Among these deep lobe tumours (DLT) there are more malignant tumours (36.8%) than in superficial lobe tumours (SLT; 11.4%). This fits especially the carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenomas (14.3% in DLT; 3.1% in SLT). Postoperative complications of the 8th cranial nerve, defective tumour capsules, and necessary second or third look operations are more frequently in DLT than with SLT. Early diagnosis of tumours that are still small, is therefore very important.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed1991

[Sudden deafness. A clinical analysis with special reference to tympanoscopy].

From a total of 720 patients with acute deafness, 85 patients suffered from unilateral deafness with a hearing loss of at least 80 dB in the speech frequency range. Under conservative therapy in 58 patients, there was an improvement in hearing in 19 cases and a return to normal in 6 patients. In 27 patients, the clinical history was suggestive of a possible tympanic membrane rupture, which was confirmed by tympanoscopy in 5 cases. On 5 other occasions, the intraoperative findings were highly suggestive of tympanic membrane rupture. In each case, a membranoplasty was performed. The results of operative therapy tended to give better results than conservative therapy. The presence of concomitant vestibular disorders did not influence the results of treatment in either group. The results of the study show, that apart from tympanoscopy, there are no other diagnostic criteria to recognize a membrane rupture. Typical case histories demonstrate that tympanoscopy can be useful diagnostic and therapeutic measure in cases of therapy-resistant deafness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Brain stem evoked response audiometry via air- and bone-conducted stimulation (author's transl)].

Brain stem potentials can be released by bone-conducted stimulation. The spectral composition of the skull vibration being generated by ton-bursts (1, 2, 4 and 8 kc) were recorded from several positions of the head. Combined acoustic stimulation via air- and bone-conduction (BERA) enables, on principle, a differentiated statement of sound conduction and inner ear components of hypacusis in infancy, analogous to conventional audiometry.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1981

[Individually manufactured plastic canulas for laryngectomized patients (author's transl)].

Individual synthetic material tracheal canulae for laryngectomized patients. The usual standard tracheal canulae leads in laryngectomized patients because of too strong curvature to lesions of the front side not rarely, which cause tracheal stenoses. Therefore individual short synthetic material tracheal canulae are recommended. The have stood the test since 1959. Supposition is the co-operation of laryngologist and prothesist.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Ultrasound hearing by humans: objectivation with brain stem potentials (author's transl)].

Early acoustic evoked potentials (brain stem evoked response) may be received by bone conduction after ultrasound irritation (40 kHz). In comparison with the brain stem potential which is received by the some bone conduction by 4 kHz there are differences in the pattern of the potential and in the latency shift. It may be thought of a retro-cochleare perception of the ultrasound because of the 1 msec earlier potential.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMed1980

[Ultrasound perception in deaf patients (author's transl)].

The acoustic evoked potentials (AEP) of 100-300 ms latency, evoked by ultrasound irritation (20-80 kHz) in normal hearing subjects cannot be derived from deaf persons. There was no reaction of 10 patients with congenital or acquired deafness during ultrasound - ERA - examination according to the absent subjective hearing perception.

Auditory Perception↗