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M Flisak

Publications and source records attributed to M Flisak.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Clophen A60 composition and content of CBs, CNs, CDFs, and CDDs after 2D-HPLC, HRGC/LRMS, and HRGC/HRMS separation and quantification.

Chlorobiphenyl (CB) and by-side chlorodibenzofuran (CDF), chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD), and chloronaphthalene (CN) homologue group and congener composition, and concentrations have been examined in technical CBs mixture Clophen A60. 101 peaks representing 116 CB congeners were quantified in Clophen A60, and most contributing were CBs nos. 138, 153,134/144/149, and 180 with 15.4, 12.3,8.2, and 6.5%, respectively. Di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octa-CBs constituted, respectively, 0.03, 0.03, 0.32, 9.9, 52.7, and 4.9% of chlorobiphenyls content of the Clophen A60, while mono-, nona-, and decaCB were not quantified. Tetra- to octaCDDs were absent in Clophen A60 at concentration above the method limit of quantification of <0.01 microg/g, while the total CDFs and CNs were found at 12 and 42 microg/g, respectively. Tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and hepta-CDF with 27, 46, 19, and 7% contribution, respectively, dominated in homologue group profile of CDFs, while octa-CDF was absent in Clophen A60. In compositional profile of CDF congeners the most abundant were 1,2,4,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF and each had >5% contribution. Amongst the CN homologue groups the profile in descending order followed by hepta-, hexa-, octa-, and penta-CNs with 56, 26, 16, and 2%, respectively. In compositional profile of CNs the most abundant were the congeners such as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-HpCN (no. 73), 1,2,3,4,6,7-/1,2,3,5,6,7-HxCN (nos. 66/67), and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-OcCN (no. 75) with 55, 21, and 16%, respectively. In terms of dioxin-like toxicity of Clophen A60 the contribution from planar non-ortho and mono-ortho CBs, CDFs, and CNs was 5280, 594.5, and 33.1 ng TCDD TEQ/g, respectively, and the total TEQ of planar analogues was 5908 ng/g.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed2005

By-side impurities in chloronaphthalene mixtures of the Halowax series: all 135 chlorodibenzofurans.

One hundred twenty five congeners of CDF off 135 theoretically possible were quantified in seven of various type Halowax formulations but still 45 co-eluted under the gas chromatographic conditions applied. The total CDFs concentration of Halowax formulations was between 250 and 16,000 ng/g. The compositional profile of CDF homologue groups of the Halowaxes frequently followed a degree of chlorination of the parent chloronaphthalene mixture and an exception was Halowax 1031. The compositional profile of many isomers of trichlorodibenzofuran, found and often highly abundant, was characteristic to majority of the formulations examined, and each of them demonstrated to have its own pattern but mysterious to explain remained Halowax 1031. In term of dioxin-like toxicity the most potent due to CDFs content was Halowax 1014 with 210 ng TCDD TEQ/g and next was Halowax 1013 with 36 ng TEQ/g, while between 1.3 and 5.0 ng TEQ/g were for other formulations. A tentative estimation made implies that the net total CDFs production due to manufacture of the technical CNs in the XX century could reach an amount between 420 kg (median) and 825 kg (mean), and for most toxic dioxin-like congeners between 705 g (median) and 5700 g (mean) TCDD TEQ, while for the worst case of Halowax 1014 alone scenario it could be 750 kg of the total CDFs and 16 kg of TCDD TEQ for most toxic congeners.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed2005

By-side impurities in chloronaphthalene mixtures of the Halowax series: all 75 chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins.

A by-side chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) has been identified as impurity in concentration between 1.5 and 370 ng/g in the Halowax formulations of all type. Halowax 1014 was relatively richer in number of CDD congeners detected when compared to six other CN formulations examined. Amongst the mono- to tri-CDDs, the most prevalent in the Halowaxes were 1- and 2-MoCDD, and especially they were abundant in the formulations of a lower than a higher degree of chlorination. Amongst the tetra- to octaCDD only 1,2,3,4-/1,2,4,6-/1,2,4,9-/ 1,2,3,8-TeCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OcCDD were found in all the Halowaxes, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,9-HpCDD remained undetected only in Halowax 1099 and 1013, while most of TeCDDs, PeCDD, and HxCDDs were absent in a majority of the formulations examined. The compositional profile of 1,2,3,4-/1,2,4,6-/1,2,4,9,-/1,2,3,8-TeCDD and OcCDD congeners found in the Halowaxes seem to indicate, that after an initial in situ formation of mono- and di-CDDs during CNs synthesis, a further increase of reaction time, temperature, and pressure can lead to successive chlorination of the already established chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin molecule, and so to enrichment in 1,2,3,4-/ 1,2,4,6-/1,2,4,9,-/1,2,3,8-TeCDD but also OcCDD content for most of the final products obtained. Nevertheless, also due to the co-synthesis of chlorophenols in the Halowaxes, their condensation reactions could also contribute to the formation of CDDs. In term of dioxin-like toxicity the most potent due to CDDs content was Halowax 1014 with 0.95 ng TCDD TEQ/g, and between 0.00068 and 0.058 ng/g were for other formulations. A rough estimation made implies that a net CDDs production due to manufacture of the technical CNs in the XX century could reach an amount between 3.0 and 12.6 kg, while for most toxic dioxin-like constituents between 5.25 and 24 g TCDD TEQ, For the worst case scenario and involvement of Halowax 1014 only the net total CDDs production was estimated to be 1.5 kg, and for highly-toxic congeners 71 g TCDD TEQ. All these figures are much lower when compared to co-production of CDFs.

Dioxins↗
PubMed2004

Highly toxic chlorobiphenyl and by-side impurities content and composition of technical chlorofen formulation.

Non- and mono-ortho CBs as well as also highly toxic by-side impurities such as chlorodibenzofurans, chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, and chloronaphthalenes after a subsequent 2D-HPLC and HRGC-HRMS separation, detection, and identification were quantified in technical chlorobiphenyl Chlorofen formulation. Chlorofen is highly chlorinated CB mixture and its compositional profile of mono-ortho CBs is occupied by 2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB (no. 157) with 96.6% and followed by 2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (no. 156) with 3.3% and 2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (no. 167) with <0.1%, while nos. 105, 114, 118, 123, and 189 remained undetected (<10 microg/g). Amongst non-ortho CBs only a trace of 3,3',4,4'-TeCB (no. 77) was found at 15 microg/g, while CBs nos. 81, 126, and 169 were absent. TCDD TEQ for mono- and non-ortho CBs in Chlorofen was 2320 and 1.5 ng/g, respectively, while for CDFs and CNs were 45 and 731 ng/g, respectively, and for both types of contaminants most contributing were OcCDF and OcCN. No tetra- to OcCDD was found in Chlorofen.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1999

Changes in thyroid nodule volume caused by fine-needle aspiration: a factor complicating the interpretation of the effect of thyrotropin suppression on nodule size.

The effectiveness of TSH suppression therapy for thyroid nodules remains controversial. Prior studies have assumed that the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), used to confirm a benign condition before the establishment of control and treatment groups, has no effect on nodule volume. Seventeen untreated euthyroid patients with clinical solitary thyroid nodules that were solid (on high-resolution ultrasound) and a colloid goiter (on cytologic examination) had ultrasound measurements of nodule volume before a FNAB, immediately thereafter, and 1 month and 6 months later. Size differences and individual variability at each time period were analyzed. No significant difference in mean thyroid nodule volume was present at any point after the FNAB; however, the changes in nodule volume were quite marked and bidirectional among patients masking the cumulative effect. The variability of the change in individual nodule volume was statistically significant when comparisons were made across time (P = 0.0032). FNAB of thyroid nodules results in significant individual changes in volume after the procedure. Studies, such as the effect of TSH suppression on thyroid nodule volume, that incorporate the FNAB in both control and treatment arms of the experimental design, need to take these changes into account, less erroneous conclusions result.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1993

Localization of islet cell tumors of the pancreas: a review of current techniques.

Operative exploration with attempted curative resection should be attempted on virtually all patients with islet cell tumors of the pancreas who do not have metastatic disease evident on preoperative studies. Because of the small size and variable location of many of these neoplasms, localization studies play an important role in ensuring appropriate and successful surgical therapy. A review of currently available preoperative and intraoperative aids for tumor localization is presented. A new technique of selective intraarterial injection of methylene blue is described along with a report of our preliminary results. Further evaluation and use of this technique and other newly developed technologies are warranted to lower the commonly reported 10% to 30% negative exploration rate for these sometimes elusive tumors.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1992

Selective intra-arterial methylene blue injection: a novel method of localizing gastrinoma.

A 40-year-old woman had persistent Zollinger-Ellison syndrome despite excision of a 4-cm duodenal gastrinoma. Localizing studies including ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, duodenal endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and intraoperative endoscopic transillumination of the duodenum failed to detect a tumor. Selective intra-arterial methylene blue injection was used to identify a 6-mm gastrinoma in the duodenum, which was locally excised. Postoperatively, the patient had a negative secretin provocative test result. This novel method uses selective arterial secretin injection with hepatic venous gastrin sampling to identify the vessel feeding the gastrinoma. An angiographic catheter is then positioned in this artery. At laparotomy, methylene blue is injected through this catheter to selectively stain the gastrinoma, facilitating its identification. Selective intra-arterial methylene blue injection can enhance intraoperative detection of small gastrinomas and may improve the rate of curative resection in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Further evaluation of this novel localizing technique is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Routine pelvic x-ray studies in awake blunt trauma patients: a sensible policy?

To evaluate the usefulness of routine pelvic x-ray films in the resuscitation of blunt trauma victims, 1395 patients were prospectively evaluated over a 13-month period. Of these, 810 (58%) were awake with Glasgow Coma Scale scores greater than or equal to 13 and were enrolled into the study. A history, with directed questions regarding pelvic pain, a clinical examination of the pelvis, and an anterior-posterior pelvic x-ray film (APPX) were obtained for each patient. Thirty-nine patients (5%) had fractures identified on the x-ray films. Of these patients with radiographically identified fractures, 34 (87%) complained of pain and had positive results on clinical examination, two (5%) either complained of pain or had positive results on examination and three (8%) had neither complaint of pain nor positive examination results. Of the 771 patients without fractures 743 (96%) lacked pain complaints or positive examination results. The likelihood of fracture was greatest in patients with complaints of pain and positive examination results (65%) followed by patients with either complaint of pain or positive examination results (16%). Only three (0.4%) of the 743 patients having no complaints of pain and a negative clinical examination had fractures diagnosed roentgenographically. These were minor fractures that did not affect the clinical course. Total charges incurred to diagnose pelvic fractures in this low-yield patient group were $88,028. We conclude that the practice of obtaining a screening APPX is not necessary or cost-effective in the management of awake blunt trauma patients who do not complain of pain and who have normal pelvic physical examination results.

Adolescent↗