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Biomedical subjects

M Folwaczny

Publications and source records attributed to M Folwaczny.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A645G (Lys216Glu) polymorphism of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein gene in periodontal disease.

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a member of the pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system and recognizes lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a bacterial component belonging to the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). BPI mediates the neutralization of LPS and increases the phagocytosis and cytotoxicity against bacteria. Recently, the functionally effective polymorphism A645G resulting in the amino acid alteration Lys216Glu has been described. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the A645G polymorphism with chronic periodontal disease. The study population comprised 123 patients with periodontal disease (36 with mild, 52 with moderate and 35 with severe periodontitis) and 122 healthy, unrelated control individuals. Genotyping of the BPI gene polymorphism A645G (Lys216Glu) was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out employing the chi(2) test with Yates correction. Genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphism tested herein showed no significant differences between periodontal disease as compared to the control group. The frequencies of the G allele were 52.4% in patients with periodontal disease and 49.2% in the control individuals (P = 0.528). Moreover, no significant associations could be detected after stratification for disease severity and according to gender. The present study does not give evidence for the contribution of the BPI gene to the genetic background of chronic periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The leukocyte count predicts the efficacy of treatment with azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease.

INTRODUCTION: Azathioprine has variable efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies suggested that either neutropenia, an increase in the mean corpuscular volume, the assessment of thiopurine methyl-transferase activity or erythrocyte 6-thioguanine values might predict the treatment response. However, due to the conflicting results of the preceding studies there are yet no established laboratory values which allow an estimation of the clinical response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 45 patients with Crohn's disease and 39 patients with ulcerative colitis were enrolled in this retrospective evaluation. After a minimum of six months therapy with azathioprine patients in remission were compared with those who did not achieve a stable remission with respect to the number of leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and the mean corpuscular volume. RESULTS: Patients who went into remission during treatment with azathioprine displayed significantly lower leukocyte counts if compared to patients who were not in remission (p = 0.004 in Crohn's disease and 0.003 in ulcerative colitis). A similar tendency was also observed with respect to the granulocyte count (p = 0.007 in Crohn's disease and 0.004 in ulcerative colitis). The mean corpuscular volume did not correlate with the response to purine analogues. DISCUSSION: The absolute leukocyte count and the percentage of granulocytes seem to predict the response to purine analogues in inflammatory bowel disease and possibly offers a feasible and cost effective diagnostic tool for the assessment of therapeutic efficacy. Subsequent preferably prospective studies should aim to define the optimal cut-off value for the leukocyte count.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Serum antibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with IBD: a marker of disease susceptibility? A follow-up pilot-study after 7 years.

INTRODUCTION: Various disease-specific serum antibodies were described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their yet healthy first-degree relatives. In the latter, serum antibodies are commonly regarded as potential markers of disease susceptibility. The present long-term follow-up study evaluated the fate of antibody-positive first-degree relatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 25 patients with Crohn's disease, 19 patients with ulcerative colitis and 102 first-degree relatives in whom presence of ASCA, pANCA, pancreatic- and goblet-cell antibodies had been assessed were enrolled. The number of incident cases with inflammatory bowel disease was compared between antibody-positive and antibody-negative first-degree relatives 7 years after storage of serum samples. RESULTS: 34 of 102 (33%) first-degree relatives were positive for at least one of the studied serum antibodies. In the group of first-degree relatives, one case of Crohn's disease and one case of ulcerative colitis were diagnosed during the follow-up period. However, both relatives did not display any of the investigated serum antibodies (p=1). DISCUSSION: The findings of our pilot study argue against a role of serum antibodies as a marker of disease susceptibility in first-degree relatives of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, these data have to await confirmation in larger ideally prospective multicenter studies before definite conclusions can be drawn.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Polymorphisms in the DLG5 and OCTN cation transporter genes in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recent data suggest identification of causal genetic variants for inflammatory bowel disease in the DLG5 gene and in the organic cation transporter (OCTN) cluster, both situated in previously described linkage regions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The polymorphisms in DLG5 (113 G-->A, 4136 C-->A, and DLG5_e26), SLC22A4 (1672 C-->T), and SLC22A5 (-207 G-->C) were assessed in 625 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 363 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1012 healthy controls. Association with disease susceptibility, clinical phenotypes, and possible genetic interactions of these polymorphisms with disease associated CARD15/NOD2 mutations was analysed. RESULTS: No significant association of DLG5 polymorphisms with CD or UC was observed. Homozygosity for the OCTN-TC haplotype was associated with an increased CD risk (OR = 1.65), which was even greater in the presence of CARD15 mutations. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that this association was particularly strong in patients with colonic disease. The TC haplotype was associated with non-fistulising non-fibrostenotic disease, an earlier age of disease onset, and reduced need for surgery. CONCLUSION: Our observations argue against a role of DLG5 polymorphisms in the susceptibility for inflammatory bowel disease, whereas the OCTN polymorphisms are associated with CD. However, due to the comparable weak association observed herein, extended linkage disequilibrium analyses of these variants with the IBD5 haplotype tagged single nucleotide polymorphims might be advisable before definitive conclusions about their causative role in CD can be drawn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Accuracy of electronic apex locators in comparison to actual length--an in vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: The measurement precision of four electronic apex locators (Root ZX, Morita, Tokyo, Japan; Endy, Loser, Leverkusen, Germany; Justy II, Hager-Werken, Duisburg, Germany; Endox Lysis, Milan, Italy) was examined in the present in vivo study. METHODS: The root canal length of 40 single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth was determined with the four devices prior to tooth extraction. To determine the actual root canal length, the apical third was longitudinally sectioned, the root canal instrument was positioned and the apex was examined using a microscope. RESULTS: The average measurement deviation (+/-SD) in relation to the apical constriction was 0.3 mm (+/-0.6) for the Root ZX, 0.7 mm (+/-1.0) for the Endy, 0.2 mm (+/-0.7) for the Justy II and 1.3 mm (+/-1.7) for the Endox. The limit of +/-0.5 mm from the apical constriction was attained by the Root ZX in 78%, by the Endy in 67%, by the Justy II in 80% and by Endox in 31% of all measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The latest generation of apex locaters provide the clinician with an accurate and useful adjunct for the determination of root canal length.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of the -295 T-to-C promoter polymorphism of the interleukin (IL)-16 gene in periodontitis.

Interleukin (IL)-16 is involved in the regulation of the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of the -295 promoter polymorphism of the interleukin (IL)-16 gene in periodontal disease. A total of 123 patients with periodontal disease and 122 healthy controls were genotyped for the -295 IL-16 promoter polymorphism. Genotyping has been performed by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes as well of haplotypes within both study groups were compared using the Pearson chi(2) test at a level of significance of 5% (P < 0.05). The distribution of genotypes for the -295 IL-16 gene polymorphism showed no significant difference between periodontitis patients and healthy control subjects (P = 0.886). Also stratification analysis according to the disease severity revealed no significant difference regarding the genotype distribution among both study groups. Herein the IL-16 -295 gene polymorphism was not associated with chronic periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effectiveness of 4 pulpotomy techniques--randomized controlled trial.

Pulpotomy is the accepted therapy for the management of cariously exposed pulps in symptom-free primary molars; however, evidence is lacking about the most appropriate technique. The aim of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of the Er:YAG laser, calcium hydroxide, and ferric sulfate techniques with that of dilute formocresol in retaining such molars symptom-free. Two hundred primary molars in 107 healthy children were included and randomly allocated to one of the techniques. The treated teeth were blindly re-evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Descriptive data analysis and logistic regression analysis, accounting for each patient's effect by a generalized estimating equation (GEE), were used. After 24 months, the following total and clinical success rates were determined (%): formocresol 85 (96), laser 78 (93), calcium hydroxide 53 (87), and ferric sulfate 86 (100). Only calcium hydroxide performed significantly worse than formocresol (p = 0.001, odds ratio = 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0-15.5). In conclusion, calcium hydroxide is less appropriate for pulpotomies than is formocresol.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2004

Prevention of oral diseases.

The different types of hard- and soft tissues that are involved in the formation of the oral cavity are subject of numerous diseases. Albeit dental caries and periodontitis comprise the most common oral disease entities, also several premalignant and malignant conditions can occur within the oral cavity. There exists are wide armamentarium for the prevention of both, dental caries and periodontitis. Preventive strategies are even more important regarding oral malignancies since specifically these entities commonly provide only poor prognosis if not treated in early stages. The present contribution aims to present the pathogenic background of the most common oral diseases and the most effective methods for their prevention.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2004

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 mutations in periodontal disease.

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are signal molecules essential for the cellular response to bacterial cell wall components. Different functional effective polymorphisms for the TLR 4 gene (Asp299Gly; Thr399Ile) and for the TLR 2 gene (Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln) have recently been described that are associated with impaired lipopolysaccharide signal transduction. A total of 122 patients with chronic periodontal disease and 122 healthy unrelated controls were genotyped for the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism of the TLR 4 gene and the Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln mutation of the TLR 2 gene. The mutations were identified with polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The prevalence of the Asp299Gly and the Thr399Ile mutant allele was 4.1% (10/244) and 4.5% (11/244) among periodontitis patients. For the healthy controls the prevalence was 3.3% (8/244) for the Asp299Gly (P = 0.810) and 3.7% (9/244) for the Thr399Ile mutant allele (P = 0.819). The Arg753Gln mutant allele was found in 2.9% (7/244) of the periodontitis subjects as compared to 4.1% (10/244) in the control group (P = 0.622). The Arg677Trp mutant allele was not found in any of the study subjects. Unlike in ulcerative colitis there was not observed an association between chronic periodontitis and the various mutations of the TLR 2 and 4 gene.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Class V lesions restored with four different tooth-colored materials--3-year results.

The aim of this study was to compare the treatment results using four different types of tooth colored materials for restoring class V lesions. A total of 197 class V restorations (n = 197) were placed by one dentist in 37 patients on incisors, canines and premolars. The fillings were placed due to different indications: erosion/non-carious cervical defects (n = 69), primary carious lesions (n = 57), and for replacing defective existing fillings (n = 71). The teeth were assigned on a random basis to four groups for restoration with either a composite (group 1: n = 36; Tetric, Vivadent), or a polyacid-modified resin composite (group 2: n = 79; Dyract, Dentsply), or one of two different resin-modified glass ionomer cements (group 3: n = 51, Fuji II LC,GC; group 4: n = 31, Photac-Fil, Espe). The restorations were evaluated by a single-blind design, according to a modified USPHS system 36 months following placement. Statistical analysis was completed with the Pearson Chi-square test for comparing the results of the four groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the survival rates were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Log-rank test (P < 0.05). The Alpha ratings were as follows (Tetric/Dyract/Fuji II LC/Photac Fil): shade match (86%/77%/58%/40%), surface texture (81%/83%/16%/9%), marginal integrity (enamel) (73%/67%/61%/61%), marginal integrity (dentin) (86%/70%/55%/61%), marginal discoloration (enamel) (59%/44%/58%/52%), marginal discoloration (dentin) (82%/84%/71%/48%), anatomic contours (91%/83%/39%/35%). One Tetric restoration, five Dyract restorations, two Fuji II LC restorations and three Photac restorations were dislodged within the study period. The retention of the restorations showed no significant difference among the four materials. However, the clinical performance of the restorations retained over the 3-year period showed distinct differences for the four materials. The best clinical performance was observed for the resin composite, whereas the quality of the Dyract restorations without enamel etching was worse. The poorest results were obtained for the restorations with the resin-modified glass ionomers.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The effect of working tip angulation on root substance removal using Er:YAG laser radiation: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: The present investigation attempted to determine the amount of cementum and/or dentin removal with Er:YAG laser radiation, dependent on the angulation of a specially-developed application tip. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subject of the study were 150 extracted incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Source of laser radiation was an Er:YAG laser device emitting pulsed infrared radiation at a wavelength of 2.94 microm with a pulse duration of 250 micros and a pulse repetition rate of 10 pps. The samples of the 3 study groups were irradiated with 380 laser pulses at radiation energies of 60 mJ (group A), 100 mJ (group B), or 180 mJ (group C). In each group, 10 samples were treated at working tip angulations of 15 degrees , 30 degrees , 45 degrees , 60 degrees , and 90 degrees. The substance removal was determined 3-dimensionally using a newly developed laser scanning system (100,000 surface points per sample, accuracy 5 microm) and a special image-analysing software (Match 3D). Statistical analysis was completed with ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons using the Scheffé-test and with linear regression analysis according to Pearson-Bravais (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Strong dependence of substance removal, both determined as maximum depth of the defects (0.5% quantil) as well as defect volume, on the angulation of the working tip was shown. At 60 mJ, the depth of the defects was 41.39 (+/- 32.55) microm at an angulation of 15 degrees and that at 90 degrees was 181.39 (+/- 74.42) microm (R2= 0.921). For the radiation energy at 100 mJ, the depth of the defects ranged from 51.96 (+/- 26.86) microm at 15 degrees to 306.64 (+/- 62.44) microm at 90 degrees (R2 = 0.983). Choosing radiation energies at 180 mJ, the depth of the defects ranged from 64.73 (+/- 27.73) microm at 15 degrees to 639.89 (+/- 47.28) microm at 90 degrees , on average (R2 = 0.853). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study provide clear evidence that besides the physical radiation parameters, also the parameters of clinical handling, in particular the angulation of the application tip, has a strong influence on the amount of root substance removal using Er:YAG laser radiation.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2001

Clinical performance of a resin-modified glass-ionomer and a compomer in restoring non-carious cervical lesions. 5-year results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 5-yr clinical performance of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement and a polyacid-modified resin composite in restoring non-carious cervical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-carious cervical lesions in 46 incisors, canines, and premolars were restored either with Fuji II LC (n=18) or with Dyract (n=28) in 16 healthy patients. The lesions were restored without cavity preparation strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions. The restorations were clinically evaluated single blind after 5 yrs using modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS: The percentage of Alfa ratings were as follows (Dyract/Fuji II LC): color match 81.3%/28.6%, surface texture 93.8%/21.4%, anatomic form 75.0%/28.6%, marginal integrity (enamel) 62.5%/42.9%, marginal integrity (dentin) 68.8%/28.6%, marginal discoloration (enamel) 56.3%/42.9%, marginal discoloration (dentin) 68.8%/21.5%. Five-yr data revealed a significant difference between the clinical ratings of Dyract and Fuji II LC for all criteria except marginal integrity and marginal discoloration in enamel. A total of five Dyract restorations and four Fuji II LC restorations failed within the study period. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A considerably high and almost similar overall failure rate was found for both restorative materials in restoring non-carious cervical lesions. However, retained Dyract restorations presented superior clinical performance compared to Fuji II LC restorations.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

Determination of changes on tooth-colored cervical restorations in vivo using a three-dimensional laser scanning device.

The present study aimed at the determination of changes of tooth-colored cervical restorations in vivo using an optical 3-dimensional laser scanning device. The study was performed on 197 cervical restorations placed on incisors, canines, and premolars. Four different tooth-colored restoration materials, a composite, a polyacid-modified resin composite, and two resin-modified glass ionomer cements, were used for the restoration of the lesions. For the determination of changes, images were taken at baseline and 15, 24 and 36 months after the placement of the fillings using a 3D-laser scanning device. The images were superimposed automatically, and digital subtraction was made by a specially developed image analysis software. The total substance loss on the entire filling surface at 36 months for the resin-modified glass ionomer Photac-Fil was 44 (+/-23) microm, for Fuji II LC 45 (+/-26) microm, for Dyract 71 (+/-47) microm and for Tetric 18 (+/-12) microm. Differentiating between the class of lesion, a higher wear rate was observed at 36 months on restorations which had been placed in erosion/non-carious cervical cavities (66 (+/-33) microm). In conclusion, the composite material demonstrated a distinctly lower surface wear rate over time in comparison to the resin-modified glass ionomer cements and the polyacid-modified resin composite.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Root substance removal with Er:YAG laser radiation at different parameters using a new delivery system.

BACKGROUND: The recently introduced Er:YAG laser radiation appears to be a promising alternative in treating dental hard tissue due to its thermo-mechanical ablation properties and the lack of thermal side effects. The present in vitro study attempted to evaluate the use of Er:YAG laser radiation in combination with a specially developed delivery system in removing calculus from root surfaces. METHODS: Fifty extracted anterior teeth, premolars and molars, were divided into 2 groups of 25 each with (group A) and without (group B) subgingival calculus. Source of radiation was an Er:YAG laser device with a wavelength of 2.94 microm, in the infrared optical spectrum, a pulse duration of 250 ns, and a pulse repetition rate of 15 pps. In each group, 6 teeth were irradiated with 300 laser pulses either at 60 mJ, 80 mJ, 100 mJ, or 150 mJ. The samples were continually moved linearly using a computer numeric controlled device. The volumetric evaluation of root substance removal was performed with a 3-dimensional laser scanning system (100,000 surface points per sample, accuracy: 5 microm) and special image analyzing software. A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation was performed to assess the laser induced ultrastructural changes on the root surfaces. Statistical analysis was carried out with ANOVA followed by the Scheff*e test and with regression analysis according to Pearson-Bravais at a level of significance of 5% (P <0.05). RESULTS: The linear measurement of substance removal on calculus samples (group A) revealed average depths between 174.38 (+/-16.13) microm and 501.85 (+/-111.01) microm. Defect depths on the teeth without calculus (group B) ranged from 37.78 (+/-14.03) microm to 484.44 (+/-80.63) microm. The SEM observation of laser-treated root surfaces revealed no signs of thermal damage; e.g., melting, fusion, or cracking. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed that a substance removal with Er:YAG laser radiation at lower energy densities is comparable, in effect, to that after conventional root surface instrumentation with curets. The results seem to indicate that calculus removal can be selectively done using lower radiation energies. Considering the favorable results of the SEM investigation, the use of the Er:YAG laser in periodontal therapy may be possible in the future.

Analysis of Variance↗