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Biomedical subjects

M Fornaris

Publications and source records attributed to M Fornaris.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A rapid HPLC procedure for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine, monodesethylchloroquine, diazepam, and nordiazepam in blood.

Chloroquine, monodesethylchloroquine, diazepam, and nordiazepam levels are simultaneously determined in whole blood or plasma by HPLC. Papaverine is used as internal standard, and the analysis is performed after protein-binding hydrolysis, absorption on Extrelut, and elution with diethyl ether/methylene chloride (70:30 v/v). UV detection is used at 343 nm for 12 min, then changed to 242 nm. There are two mobile phases with two flow rates. The procedure requires 30 min, is reproducible, sensitive (8-10 ng/mL for chloroquine and its metabolite, 4 ng/mL for diazepam and nordiazepam), and selective, especially towards other antimalarial agents and drugs like adrenaline or barbiturates, which may be used in chloroquine poisoning therapy. It can be used for pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic control, to establish the diagnosis and prognosis of a chloroquine poisoning, and to follow and optimize treatment.

Chloroquine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation and ultraviolet spectrum identification of buflomedil in whole blood and plasma by HPLC.

Buflomedil, a vasodilating agent, was determined in whole blood or plasma by HPLC with papaverine as internal standard after absorption of the alkaline sample on an Extrelut column and elution with diethylether-methylene chloride (70:30, v/v). The eluate was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 100 microL of the mobile phase; 20 microL of this solution were injected into a mu Bondapak C18 column (10 microns) using acetonitrile-0.125M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (40:60, v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection at 280 nm, followed by UV spectrum identification (between 200 and 350 nm) with a photodiode array detector. The method is rapid (giving response within 20 min), reproducible, selective, and sensitive. It can be applied for pharmacokinetic studies and for both clinical pharmacology and forensic toxicology.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concentrations of heroin, 06-monoacetylmorphine, and morphine in a lethal case following an oral heroin overdose.

A case of lethal overdose by heroin ingestion is presented. The concentrations of drugs were measured several hours after death. Heroin, 06-monoacetylmorphine, and morphine were identified and quantitated in blood, urine, and gastrointestinal contents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations of heroin, 06-monoacetylmorphine, and morphine were 109, 168, and 1140 ng/mL, respectively, in blood and 17, 12, and 425 ng/g, respectively, in gastrointestinal content. In urine, however, only morphine was detected at 3650 ng/mL.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicological analysis of sulpiride in a lethal poisoning case.

A fatality following ingestion of sulpiride is presented. The drug was identified and quantitated in postmortem blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. The concentration was 38 microg/mL, which was in excess of 34 times the therapeutic concentration of sulpiride. For other associated drugs, their concentrations were in their therapeutic ranges.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased ventilatory chemosensitivity induced by domperidone, a dopamine antagonist, in healthy humans.

Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of domperidone (0.1 mg X kg-1 i.v.) and placebo given on separate test days to eleven healthy volunteers were assessed in a double-blind study. Domperidone caused no significant change in ventilation, heart rate and blood pressure while they were resting and breathing room air. However, it produced an increase in the slope of the hypoxia-induced ventilatory response, from 2.35 +/- 1.10 to 3.71 +/- 2.91 1 X min-1 per 1% decrease in SaO2 (mean +/- SD; p less than 0.05). We conclude that domperidone augments hypoxic responsiveness in humans, presumably by blocking the dopaminergic receptors that modulate the activity of carotid body chemoreceptors, as it does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung reflexes in anaesthetized rabbits with elastase-induced emphysema.

The effects of elastase-induced emphysema on vagal pulmonary reflexes were studied in seven rabbits, given 600 IU of porcine pancreatic elastase intratracheally (E group), and eight untreated rabbits (U group) under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The presence of emphysema was confirmed by histological and pathological criteria and by documented changes in lung mechanics seven months after treatment. The strength of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex (HBIR), indicative of pulmonary stretch receptor excitability, was unchanged in the U group, but was significantly increased in the E group at inflation volumes greater than the tidal volume (VT) range, as she slope of the curve relating HBIR to inflation volume was significantly steeper (0.40 vs 0.22 ml-1; p less than 0.05). The early ventilatory response (first 3 breaths) to right atrial injections of phenyldiguanide (20 and 30 micrograms X kg-1 i.v.) was used as an indication of the excitability of lung receptors with non-myelinated vagal afferents. This response, characterized by a significant decrease in expiratory duration (TE) without effect on VT or inspiratory time (TI), was not significantly different between the E and U groups. The overall pattern of breathing in the E group showed a significant decrease in VT associated with an increase in TI.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative reflex action of histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin on dog airways.

To dissociate airway stimulation from airway response, a segment of the cervical trachea was isolated from the rest of the bronchial tree in 15 anesthetized dogs; nerve and blood supplies of the segment were preserved. Patency of the intrathoracic airways was assessed with lung resistance (RL) measurements. When doses of aerosolized histamine (His), acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (Ser) causing comparable increases in RL were delivered into the intrathoracic airways, concomitant increases in pressure were recorded in the tracheal segment (indicating constriction) with His being the most effective. When the hypoxemia accompanying His- and ACh-induced bronchoconstriction was prevented by inhaling an air-oxygen mixture, the tracheal response persisted (2 dogs). Vagotomy decreased the RL response to His, ACh and Ser and abolished tracheal response (13 dogs). The tracheal response was still abolished when larger doses of His and ACh were given in order to induce an increase in RL similar to that observed before vagotomy (7 dogs). These data suggest the existence of a positive feed-back mechanism in the airways, pharmacological bronchoconstriction causing vagally mediated reflex bronchoconstriction. Direct stimulation of lung irritant receptors by histamine may explain the larger degree of reflex bronchoconstriction observed with this agent.

Acetylcholine↗