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M Fosset

Publications and source records attributed to M Fosset.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Regulation of calcium channels in aortic muscle cells by protein kinase C activators (diacylglycerol and phorbol esters) and by peptides (vasopressin and bombesin) that stimulate phosphoinositide breakdown.

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels of the aortic cell line A7r5 were studied using 45Ca2+ flux experiments. Ca2+ channels which have been studied belong to the L-type and are very sensitive to inhibitors and activators in the 1,4-dihydropyridine series as well as to (-)desmethoxyverapamil and d-cis-diltiazem. L-type Ca2+ channels in these smooth muscle cells are not affected by cyclic 8-bromo-AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. However, the activity of these channels is strongly depressed after treatment with diacylglycerols (1-oleyl 2-acetylglycerol and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol). Phorbol esters, which like diacylglycerols are well-known activators of protein kinase C (the Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent enzyme), inhibit 70% of Ca2+ channel activity (K0.5 = 25 nM for phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and K0.5 = 200 nM for phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate). Phorbol esters that are inactive on kinase C are without effect on Ca2+ channel activity. [Arg8]Vasopressin and bombesin, two peptides that are well known for their action on polyphosphoinositide metabolism, inhibit Ca2+ channel activity to the same extent as active phorbol esters (65-70%). Oxytocin has the same type of effect presumably by acting at the V1-receptor. Both effects of [Arg8]vasopressin and oxytocin are suppressed by [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-diethylpropionic acid)4-valine]arginine vasopressin, a specific vasopressin antagonist at the V1-receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Purification and characterization of the dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent calcium channel from cardiac tissue.

The dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel from cardiac tissue was purified 900-fold using DEAE-Sephadex A-25, concanavalin A-Sepharose, and wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose. The purified preparation was highly enriched in a peptide of 140,000 daltons when electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, or 170,000 when electrophoresed in the presence of iodoacetamide. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified subunits of the rabbit skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel recognized the 170-kDa protein in preparations electrophoresed under nonreducing conditions, and the large peptide of 140 kDa and smaller peptides of 29-32 kDa in preparations analyzed under reducing conditions. Monoclonal antibodies, which were raised against the native Ca2+ channel from skeletal muscle, immunoprecipitated [3H]PN 200-110 binding activity from solubilized cardiac membranes and immunoprecipitated 125I-labeled peptides (from the purified cardiac Ca2+ channel preparation) which migrated as a single species of 170 kDa under nonreducing conditions, or as 140, 32, and 29 kDa under reducing conditions. The results show that the purified cardiac Ca2+ channel, like that previously purified from skeletal muscle, consists of a major component of 170 kDa which is comprised of a 140-kDa peptide linked by disulfide bonds to smaller peptides of 32-29 kDa. Peptide maps of the 140-kDa peptide purified from cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations were strikingly similar, suggesting a high degree of homology in their primary sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibodies that coimmunoprecipitate the 1,4-dihydropyridine and phenylalkylamine receptors and reveal the Ca2+ channel structure.

Monoclonal hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies against the (+)-PN 200-110 and the (-)-demethoxyverapamil binding components of the voltage-dependent calcium channel from rabbit transverse-tubule membranes have been isolated. The specificity of these monoclonal antibodies was established by their ability to coimmunoprecipitate (+)-[3H]PN 200-110 and (-)-[3H]demethoxyverapamil receptors. Monoclonal antibodies described in this work cross-reacted with rat, mouse, chicken, and frog skeletal muscle Ca2+ channels but not with crayfish muscle Ca2+ channels. Cross-reactivity was also detected with membranes prepared from rabbit heart, brain, and intestinal smooth muscle. These antibodies were used in immunoprecipitation experiments with 125I-labeled detergent [3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and digitonin] solubilized membranes. They revealed a single immunoprecipitating component of molecular weight (Mr) 170,000 in nonreducing conditions. After disulfide bridge reduction the CHAPS-solubilized (+)-PN 200-110-(-)-demethoxyverapamil binding component gave rise to a large peptide of Mr 140,000 and to smaller polypeptides of Mr 30,000 and 26,000 whereas the digitonin-solubilized receptor appeared with subunits at Mr 170,000, 140,000, 30,000, and 26,000. All these results taken together are interpreted as showing that both the 1,4-dihydropyridine and the phenylalkylamine receptors are part of a single polypeptide chain of Mr 170,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Excitation-contraction uncoupling in the developing skeletal muscle of the muscular dysgenesis mouse embryo.

The muscular dysgenesis recessive autosomal mutation is characterized by a total lack of muscular contraction and a myofibrillar non-organization. Many abnormalities involved in the excitation-contraction coupling are found in mdg/mdg myotubes: 1) the internal structural organization of the membrane coupling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the transverse (T)-tubule forming the triadic association is defective: the triad number is decreased in the muscle and there are a lack of periodic densities between the SR and T-tubule apposed membranes. 2) the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel contents, identified by binding with the specific blocker PN 200-110, are decreased. The two fast (30 ms) and slow (100 ms) Ca2+ currents present in normal myotubes are absent in mdg/mdg myotubes in vitro. 3) the Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance triggering an action potential followed by a long lasting after hyperpolarization (ahp) is absent in mdg/mdg myotubes. This indicates a lack of the free intracellular Ca2+ increased by the action potential. These results suggest that: 1) the lack of differentiated triadic junctions is directly correlated with very low amounts of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels; 2) the low amount of Ca2+ channels results directly in decreased Ca2+ currents; 3) the decreased Ca2+ currents are the consequence of the low intracellular Ca2+ concentration which is not sufficient to trigger a contraction. However, the addition of normal motoneurones to mdg/mdg myotubes in culture induces, few days later, an increase in Ca2+ currents.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The voltage-dependent sodium channel is co-localized with the acetylcholine receptor at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.

Isolated motor endplates from mouse intercostal muscles can be obtained after subcellular fractionation. On these motor endplates, localization of the nicotinic receptor and of the voltage-dependent Na+ channel coincides as demonstrated by double labeling with rhodamine alpha-bungarotoxin and a specific anti-Na+ channel monoclonal antibody. High density of Na+ channel at the motor endplate is confirmed by the enrichment in TTX binding sites as compared to the crude homogenate. In contrast isolated motor endplates are almost completely devoid of Ca2+ channel antagonist binding sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Characterization and photoaffinity labeling of receptor sites for the Ca2+ channel inhibitors d-cis-diltiazem, (+/-)-bepridil, desmethoxyverapamil, and (+)-PN 200-110 in skeletal muscle transverse tubule membranes.

In order to further understand the molecular nature of the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel in skeletal muscle, we have performed classical radioligand binding studies and photoaffinity labeling with different types of tritiated inhibitors of the Ca2+ channel. The equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) for (-)-[3H]desmethoxyverapamil, d-cis-[3H]diltiazem, and (+/-)-[3H]bepridil at their receptor sites in skeletal muscle transverse tubule membranes are: 1.5 +/- 0.5, 50 +/- 5, and 20 +/- 5 nM, respectively. Maximum binding capacities in picomoles/milligram of protein were: 70 +/- 10 for (-)-[3H]desmethoxyverapamil, 50 +/- 15 for d-cis-[3H]diltiazem, and 75 +/- 15 for (+/-)-[3H]bepridil. The kinetics of association at 10 degrees C for the three types of tritiated compounds were relatively slow (3 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 for (-)-[3H]desmethoxyverapamil, 8 X 10(3) M-1 S-1 for d-cis-[3H]diltiazem, and 4.2 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 for (+/-)-[3H]bepridil). The dissociation of (-)-[3H]desmethoxyverapamil and d-cis-[3H]diltiazem from their receptor sites was also a slow process with half-lives of dissociation of 33 and 36 min, respectively. Competition studies using the three tritiated ligands suggest that they bind to the same receptor site which appears to be in a 1:1 stoichiometry with the dihydropyridine receptor. Photoaffinity labeling with high intensity ultraviolet light in the presence of (+/-)-[3H]bepridil or d-cis[3H]diltiazem resulted in the specific covalent incorporation of radioactivity into a polypeptide of Mr 170,000 +/- 10,000. A polypeptide of Mr 170,000 was also specifically labeled in photoaffinity labeling experiments using the high affinity dihydropyridine derivative (+)-[3H]PN 200-100.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1986

The interaction of polypeptide neurotoxins with tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channels in mammalian cardiac cells. Correlation with inotropic and arrhythmic effects.

This paper describes the interaction of several polypeptide neurotoxins isolated from sea anemone toxins and scorpion venom with the tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channel of rat cardiac cells. The 22Na+ flux and tension development were measured to examine in parallel the cardiotonic and cardiotoxic effects of these polypeptides. Inotropic effects and arrhythmias were seen in the concentration range in which an action of the toxins on the Na+ channel was observed. The maximal inotropic effect was systematically observed at toxin concentrations below the concentration value observed for half-maximal stimulation of 22Na+ flux through the Na+ channel. Arrhythmias began at concentrations near the value for half-maximal stimulation of 22Na+ flux by the toxins. Toxins extracted from the sea anemones Anemonia sulcata and Anthopleura xanthogrammica were more active than scorpion toxins and sea anemone Radianthus paumotensis toxins. The most interesting among all the toxins tested for potential use in cardiotherapy was toxin II from Anthopleura xanthogrammica.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Neuroleptics of the diphenylbutylpiperidine series are potent calcium channel inhibitors.

[3H]Fluspirilene, a neuroleptic molecule of the diphenylbutylpiperidine series, binds to skeletal muscle transverse tubule membranes with a high affinity corresponding to a Kd of 0.11 +/- 0.04 nM, A 1:1 stoichiometry was found between [3H]fluspirilene binding and the binding of (-)-[3H]desmethoxyverapamil [(-)[3H]D888], one of the most potent Ca2+ channel inhibitors. Ca2+ channel inhibitors such as D888, verapamil, gallopamil, bepridil, or diltiazem antagonize [3H]fluspirilene binding besides antagonizing (-)[3H]-D888 binding. Neuroleptics, especially those of the diphenylbutylpiperidine family, also antagonize both (-)[3H]D888 binding and [3H]fluspirilene binding. There is an excellent correlation between affinities found from [3H]fluspirilene binding experiments and those found from (-)[3H]D888 binding experiments. Analysis of the properties of these cross-inhibitions indicates that [3H]fluspirilene binds to a site that is not identical to that for phenylalkylamine derivatives (gallopamil, verapamil, diltiazem, and bepridil). Voltage-clamp experiments have shown that fluspirilene is an efficient inhibitor of the voltage dependent Ca2+ channel, achieving a half-maximal effect near 0.1-0.2 nM and nearly complete blockade at 1 nM. Fluspirilene blockade has little voltage dependence.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in mammalian skeletal muscle cells in culture: electrophysiological properties and interactions with Ca2+ channel activator (Bay K8644) and inhibitor (PN 200-110).

The whole-cell patch-clamp technique has been used to analyze the properties of the dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel in rat skeletal muscle cells (myoballs) in culture. The potential dependence of Ca2+-channel activation is similar to that observed in cardiac cells. However, the skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel is activated more slowly (by a factor of about 10). The voltage dependence of Ca2+-channel inactivation indicates a half-maximal inactivation (Vh0.5) at -72 mV as compared to Vh0.5 = -35 mV for cardiac cells. Blockade of the skeletal muscle Ca2+ channel by the dihydropyridine (+)-PN 200-110 is voltage dependent, with a half-maximal effect (K0.5) of 13 nM for an application of the drug to the myoball membrane held at -90 mV and of 0.15 nM for an application at a potential of -65 mV. The 100-fold difference in apparent affinity is interpreted as a preferential association of PN 200-110 with the inactivated form of the Ca2+ channel. The K0.5 value found from electrophysiological experiments for the binding to the inactivated state (K0.5 = 0.15 nM) is nearly identical to the equilibrium dissociation constant found from binding experiments with (+)-[3H]PN 200-110 using transverse-tubular membranes (Kd = 0.22 nM). The dihydropyridine activator Bay K8644 acts by increasing Ca2+ current amplitude and by slowing down deactivation.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1986

Dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels: molecular properties of interaction with Ca2+ channel blockers, purification, subunit structure, and differentiation.

[3H]Desmethoxyverapamil, (S/-)[3H]bepridil, and d-cis-[3H]diltiazem bind to skeletal muscle transverse-tubule (T-tubule) membranes with affinity constants in the range of 2-50 nM and with Bmax values of the order of 50-80 pmol/mg of protein. These drugs are mutually competitive and modulate allosterically the 1,4-dihydropyridine binding. The molecular size of the native [3H]nitrendipine receptor of T-tubule membranes has been determined using the radiation inactivation technique. The [3H]nitrendipine receptor was found to have a Mr of 210,000 +/- 20,000. Photoaffinity labelling using (+)[3H]PN 200-110 indicates the presence in the dihydropyridine receptor of a polypeptide (or polypeptides) of Mr 170,000 +/- 5,000. The 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1 propane sulfonate (CHAPS) solubilization of the T-tubule membranes preserved the binding properties of the different drugs to the calcium channel. The dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel has been substantially purified by a combination of ion exchange chromatography, lectin affinity chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified material contained polypeptides of apparent molecular weights of 142,000, 32,000, and 33,000, which copurified with (+)[3H]PN 200-110 binding activity. Two stages in which there is an increased binding of [3H]nitrendipine have been observed during chick myogenesis in ovo. The first one occurs during embryonic life and has the same properties as in the in vitro development. The second stage occurs near hatching and corresponds to a large increase in the number of nitrendipine receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1985

The 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor associated with the skeletal muscle voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. Purification and subunit composition.

The dihydropyridine receptor associated with the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel from rabbit skeletal muscle has been purified using the tritiated derivative of (+)-PN 200-110. The drug was used not only as a marker associated with the solubilized receptor but also in direct binding experiments performed after each purification step. 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate solubilization of a microsomal preparation resulted in an extract with a specific binding activity of 10 pmol/mg of protein. A combination of chromatographic steps utilizing anion exchange, lectin affinity, and gel filtration resulted in an 80-fold purification to a specific binding activity of 800 pmol/mg of protein. The affinity of (+)-[3H]PN 200-110 for the solubilized receptor was only slightly altered after the purification procedure. The KD values were 0.7 and 1.8 nM on the starting material and the most purified fractions, respectively. The subunit composition of the dihydropyridine receptor was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was consistent with three polypeptides of Mr 142,000, 33,000, and 32,000. The last two small components were not covalently associated with the larger one. In spite of a careful investigation of the conditions which improved the stability of the dihydropyridine receptor, a partial denaturation could not be prevented during purification. This resulted in an underestimation of receptor purity when calculated from the maximal specific binding activity as compared to the enrichment in the three polypeptides observed after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Finally, application of the same purification procedure to solubilized microsomal preparations of chick and frog skeletal muscle demonstrated the presence of a large polypeptide component of Mr 135,000-141,000 associated with the Ca2+ channel from these sources. The doublet of small molecular weight was not found with the frog muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of the Ca2+ coordination site regulating binding of Ca2+ channel inhibitors d-cis-diltiazem, (+/-)bepridil and (-)desmethoxyverapamil to their receptor site in skeletal muscle transverse tubule membranes.

Ca2+ inhibits (-)[3H]desmethoxyverapamil, d-cis-[3H]diltiazem and (+/-)[3H]bepridil binding to skeletal muscle transverse-tubule membranes with a half-maximum inhibition constant, K0.5 = 5 +/- 1 microM. This value is close to that of the high affinity Ca2+ binding site which controls the ionic selectivity of the Ca2+ channel found in electrophysiological experiments suggesting that the Ca2+ coordination site which regulates the ionic selectivity is also the one which alters binding of the Ca2+ channel inhibitors investigated here. Ca2+ and (-)D888 bind to distinct sites. Occupation of the Ca2+ coordination site decreases the affinity of (-)D888 for its receptor by a factor of 5. Other divalent cations have the same type of inhibition behavior with the rank order of potency Ca2+ (K0.5 = 5 microM) greater than Sr2+ (K0.5 = 25 microM) greater than Ba2+ (K0.5 = 50 microM) greater than Mg2+ (K0.5 = 170 microM).

Barium↗
PubMed1985

Excitation contraction coupling in skeletal muscle: evidence for a role of slow Ca2+ channels using Ca2+ channel activators and inhibitors in the dihydropyridine series.

Ca2+ current and tension have been simultaneously recorded from single twitch fibres of the semi-tendinosus of Rana esculenta in a medium containing a physiological Ca2+ concentration (1.8 mM). Under appropriate conditions it can be shown that tension develops in two phases. The first is rapid and reaches its maximum before activation of the inward Ca2+ current. The second phase is slower and with a time course which appears to be correlated with that of the inward current. Nifedipine, a specific Ca2+ channel inhibitor greatly reduced ICa2+ and the slower component of tension. Bay K8644 a Ca2+ channel activator, which has receptors on T-tubule, increased ICa2+ and the slow component of tension. These results indicate that a slow component of skeletal muscle contraction is related to the inward Ca2+ current flowing through dihydropyridine sensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1985

Abnormal transverse tubule system and abnormal amount of receptors for Ca2+ channel inhibitors of the dihydropyridine family in skeletal muscle from mice with embryonic muscular dysgenesis.

We have found two important sets of abnormalities in skeletal muscle from mice with embryonic muscular dysgenesis. These abnormalities involve the internal structural organization of the muscle fiber and its content of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The first abnormality concerns the ultrastructural aspects of the membranous couplings between sarcoplasmic reticulum and the transverse tubules, known as triads. The triads are less numerous, are disorganized, and lack spaced densities (feet). The second abnormality is a significant decrease in specific binding sites for the dihydropyridine derivatives, (known as Ca2+ channel inhibitors) in striated skeletal muscle, but not in cardiac muscle. Both sets of abnormalities are potentially directly linked to the uncoupling of excitation and contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Calcium channel antagonists inhibit the acrosome reaction and bind to plasma membranes of sea urchin sperm.

As a prerequisite to fertilization, sea urchin sperm undergo an acrosome reaction that is mediated in part by increased permeability to Ca2+, with an attendant rapid, massive intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. The acrosome reaction is inhibited by Ca2+ channel antagonists, including verapamil, D600, and dihydropyridines such as nitrendipine, nimodipine, and nisoldipine. To examine the interaction of Ca2+ antagonists with sperm, a plasma membrane preparation enriched for Na+,K+-ATPase was isolated from sea urchin sperm. These plasma membranes specifically bound [3H]nitrendipine and [3H]verapamil at concentrations similar to those that inhibit the acrosome reaction. The binding of verapamil was sigmoidal and half-maximal at 1 microM. There was a high specificity in the binding interaction, since by competition binding verapamil, (-)-D600, and (+)-D600 had different relative Kd values, 11, 2.5, and 0.5 microM, respectively. These data suggest that sperm mediate the Ca2+ influx required for induction of the acrosome reaction via Ca2+ channels with properties similar, but not identical, to those of other excitable tissues.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1985

The apamin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent K+ channel molecular properties, differentiation and endogenous ligands in mammalian brain.

Apamin is a bee venom neurotoxin of 10 amino acids containing two disulphide bridges. Current-clamp and voltage-clamp experiments have shown that apamin externally applied blocks specifically at low concentration (0.1 microM) the Ca2+-dependent slow K+ conductance which mediates the long-lasting after-hyperpolarization in neuroblastoma cells and rat muscle cells in culture. The apamin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent slow K+ conductance is voltage-dependent and tetraethylamonium-insensitive. It is distinct from the high conductance Ca+-dependent K+ channel revealed by patch-clamp experiments. Biochemical characterization of the apamin receptor in rat striated muscle, neuroblastoma cells, rat synaptosomes, smooth muscles and hepatocytes was carried out with the use of a radiolabelled monoiodo-apamin derivative (125I-apamin) of high specific radioactivity (2000 Ci/mmol). The dissociation constant of the apamin-receptor complex is between 15 and 60 pM for all tissue preparations. The density of binding sites is very low: between 1 and 40 fmol/mg of protein. Radiation-inactivation analysis indicates a molecular mass for the apamin receptor of 250 000 Da whereas affinity labelling with 125I-apamin results in covalent labelling of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of about 30 000 Da. Autoradiography of 125I-apamin binding sites reveals the presence of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in many regions of the brain. There is an all-or-none control of the expression of the apamin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent K+ channel by innervation in mammalian skeletal muscle. There exists an endogenous equivalent of apamin in rat brain.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

Properties of receptors for the Ca2+-channel blocker verapamil in transverse-tubule membranes of skeletal muscle. Stereospecificity, effect of Ca2+ and other inorganic cations, evidence for two categories of sites and effect of nucleoside triphosphates.

The verapamil receptor associated with the voltage-dependent calcium channel of rabbit skeletal muscle transverse tubule membranes has the following properties. (i) This receptor is stereospecific and discriminates between the different stereoisomers of verapamil, gallopamil and diltiazem. (ii) Inorganic divalent cations inhibit the binding of [3H]verapamil to its receptor in an apparently non-competitive fashion. The rank order of potency is: Ca2+ = Mn2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ba2+ much greater than Co2+ much greater than Ni2+. Ca2+ and Mn2+ have inhibition constants of 0.3 mM. Binding of [3H]verapamil is also sensitive to monovalent cations such as Cs+, K+, Li+ and Na+. The most active of these cations (Cs+ and K+) have inhibition constants in the range of 30 mM. (iii) Binding of [3H]verapamil is pH-dependent and reveals the presence on the verapamil receptor of an essential ionizable group with a pKa of 6.5. (iv) A low-affinity binding site for verapamil and for some other Ca2+ channel blockers is detected by studies of dissociation kinetics of the [3H]verapamil receptor in the presence of high concentrations of verapamil, gallopamil, bepridil and diltiazem. (v) GTP and nucleoside analogs change the properties of [3H]verapamil binding to verapamil binding sites. High-affinity binding sites seem to be transferred into low-affinity sites. Dissociation constants obtained from inhibition studies of [3H]verapamil binding are in the range of 0.1-0.3 mM for GTP, ATP and Gpp(NH)p.

Animals↗