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Biomedical subjects

M Fujimura

Publications and source records attributed to M Fujimura.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[An adult case of chickenpox with multiple nodular shadows on chest roentgenogram].

An adult case of chickenpox with a chest roentgenogram revealing multiple nodular shadows of 5 to 20 mm in diameter is reported. These shadows were different from those in previously reported varicella pneumonia cases especially with respect to size. Pulmonary function test showed disturbance in diffusion capacity, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed mild alveolitis and focal exudation and hemorrhage into the alveolar space, which were thought to correspond to the relatively large nodules on the chest roentgenogram. These findings suggest that multiple nodular shadows on the chest roentgenogram may been seen in some patients with chickenpox.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A successful removal of a left atrial floating ball thrombus after mitral valve replacement].

A floating ball thrombus after mitral valve replacement is very rare. A 48-year-old female with a left atrial floating ball thrombus after mitral valve replacement is presented. She had headache and dizziness on the 16th post-operative day. Echocardiography revealed a floating ball thrombus in the left atrium. The ball thrombus was removed successfully on the 5th day after detecting that. The principle of the treatment of the floating ball thrombus is to remove that promptly after the diagnosis is established. But in the case of complicating with fresh cerebral or cerebellar infarction, the timing of the surgery is controversial.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1993

[Bronchial provocation test in bronchial asthma].

Methacholine provocation test, bronchial reversibility test, aspirin inhalation test, and cough provocation test have been performed at our institute to examine pathophysiology and to diagnose bronchial diseases. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine correlated to baseline pulmonary functions, especially to % predicted value of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) in asthma and sinobronchial syndrome. Bronchial reversibility was greater with beta 2-agonists than with muscarinic antagonists in asthma while it was less with beta 2-agonists than with muscarinic antagonists in sinobronchial syndrome. Our protocol for aspirin inhalation test consists of a screening test and threshold measurement test and is useful for diagnosis of analgesics-induced asthma. Capsaicin provocation test to measure airway cough receptor sensitivity is used to diagnose chronic cough.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1993

[A case of pleural involvement followed by idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis].

We report a rare case of pleural involvement followed by idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in a 55-year-old man. He complained of right chest pain and his chest radiogram showed pleural thickening and calcification. Chest X-ray computed tomogram (CT) also showed a mass-like pleural thickening and a soft tissue density lesion surrounding the thoracic aorta, suggesting fibrosis. By open pleural biopsy, the mass-like pleural lesion was diagnosed as chronic pleuritis. Three years later, the patient experienced difficulty in urination, and bilateral hydronephrosis which was probably due to a retroperitoneal lesion was detected. Abdominal X-ray CT revealed a retroperitoneal lesion of soft tissue density comprised of a smooth and clearly delineated mass which encased the large vessels and ureters, compatible with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Although it was not possible to biopsy the retroperitoneal lesion, the lesion was clinically and radiologically thought to be retroperitoneal fibrosis. We could not determine the etiology of these findings, but such a case of pleural involvement followed by idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis was considered to be very rare.

Fibrosis↗
PubMed1993

Increased leukocyte elastase of the tracheal aspirate at birth and neonatal pulmonary emphysema.

OBJECTIVE: The authors have previously shown the association of elevated neonatal serum IgM and chorioamnionitis in infants in whom pulmonary emphysema characteristic of Wilson-Mikity syndrome subsequently developed. This paper extends the observation to the measurement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex (PMN elastase-alpha 1-PI) in tracheal aspirates of infants with chronic lung disease. PATIENTS: Tracheal aspirates were obtained from 90 very low birth weight neonates within 24 hours of birth. Serum also was collected within 72 hours of birth, and placentas were examined for signs of inflammation. RESULTS: The mean PMN elastase-alpha 1-PI was significantly elevated (21.8 micrograms/mg albumin) in infants with a pulmonary emphysema syndrome like that designated by Wilson-Mikity compared either with those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1.5 micrograms/mg albumin, P < .01) or those with respiratory distress syndrome in whom bronchopulmonary dysplasia did not develop (2.3 micrograms/mg albumin, P < .01). Infants with pulmonary emphysema had a significantly elevated mean serum IgM and a high incidence of chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSIONS: The level of PMN elastase-alpha 1-PI was increased in the tracheal aspirates of newborns in whom pulmonary emphysema developed. Intrauterine inflammation may increase the level of PMN elastase in the fetal respiratory tract. This increase in PMN elastase-alpha 1-PI in fetal lung tissue may cause lung injury in utero, resulting in postnatal pulmonary emphysema consistent with the Wilson-Mikity syndrome following ventilation.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1993

[Case report of congenital bronchial cyst in the subsuperior segment of the right lung].

A fifty-five-year-old man revealed abnormal shadow on chest X-P. Congenital Bronchial Cyst (CBC) is believed to be caused by the abnormal budding process during the early development of the foregut and after born result in formation of noninfected cysts in the lung. In this case, CBC was lined by columnarciliated epithelium and contained cartilages and bronchial mucous glands in their wall. They were located along the tracheobronchial tree and cystgraphy presented dumbbell-like change of cysts that were seen during the development stage. These findings support the past reports radiographically that CBC may result from occlusion of the proximal side of bronchus during the early development by unknown mechanism.

Bronchogenic Cyst↗
PubMed1993

[A case of chylothorax resulting from malignant lymphoma--pathogenesis of chylothorax: a new concept].

We report a case of chylothorax in a 51-year-old male with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Combination chemotherapy reduced the size of mediastinal lymph nodes dramatically, but retroperitoneal lymph nodes remained almost the same, and chylothorax subsequently developed. Lymphangiogram showed reticular spread of contrast material from the thoracic duct downwards but not above the diaphragm. These findings suggest that an obstruction of the infra-diaphragmatic but not the supra-diaphragmatic thoracic duct caused development of collateral lymphatic channels penetrating the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity, with subsequent formation of chylothorax.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide stimulates gallbladder motility in conscious dogs.

We investigated whether pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PA-CAP27 and PACAP38) had any effect on gallbladder motility in conscious dogs, in which force transducers were chronically implanted in the gastric antrum, duodenum and gallbladder. PACAP27 and PACAP38 were administered intravenously during the digestive and interdigestive states at doses of 30, 100 and 300 pmol/kg. By way of comparison, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) was administrated at doses of 3, 9 and 27 pmol/kg. As a result, each peptide evoked transient and tonic contractions both in the digestive and interdigestive states, and the effect on the motor index was dose dependent. PACAP27 and PACAP38 were 0.11 +/- 0.03 and 0.04 +/- 0.01 as potent as CCK-OP in the digestive state, and 0.18 +/- 0.04 and 0.02 +/- 0.01 in the interdigestive state, respectively, on a molar basis. Although PACAP27 and PACAP38 belong to the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) family, intravenous administration of 300 pmol/kg of VIP had no effect on interdigestive gallbladder motility, but on the other hand inhibited gallbladder motility in the digestive state. The contractile effects of PACAP27 and PACAP38 were almost completely abolished by pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium, but not with L364718. An in vitro study using canine gallbladder strips showed that PACAP27 and PACAP38 had no effect on spontaneous gallbladder motor activity evoked by electric field stimulation, CCK-OP or acetylcholine. It was concluded that PACAP27 and PACAP38 stimulate gallbladder motility in conscious dogs through a preganglionic cholinergic mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A single amino-acid substitution in the beta-tubulin gene of Neurospora confers both carbendazim resistance and diethofencarb sensitivity.

Two MBC-resistant mutants of Neurospora crassa, F914 and F939, were sensitive to diethofencarb at a concentration of 0.1 micrograms/ml, while the wild-type strain and other MBC-resistant mutants showed resistance to diethofencarb at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutations in these two strain were closely linked to the Bml locus which codes for beta-tubulin. When the wild-type strain was transformed by the cloned beta-tubulin gene of the F914 strain, the transformants showed both MBC resistance and diethofencarb sensitivity. On the other hand, the diethofencarb sensitivity of the F914 strain was cancelled by transformation with the wild-type beta-tubulin gene. DNA sequencing of F914 beta-tubulin revealed that glycine was substituted for glutamic acid at position 198 in the F914 strain. Therefore, a single base change in the beta-tubulin gene was proved to confer both MBC resistance and diethofencarb sensitivity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Tachyphylaxis to capsaicin-induced cough and its reversal by indomethacin, in patients with the sinobronchial syndrome.

Cough reflex testing with capsaicin has been used to study the pathophysiology of the cough reflex and the antitussive effects of various drugs. Although the reproducibility of capsaicin-induced cough has been well established in normal subjects, it is not known if prior challenge with capsaicin reduces the subsequent cough response to inhaled capsaicin in patients with the sinobronchial syndrome, a condition characterized by chronic upper and lower airway inflammation. Measurement of the capsaicin cough threshold, defined as the lowest concentration of capsaicin eliciting five or more coughs, was repeated four times at intervals of 15, 30 and 60 min in eleven patients with the SBS and ten normal subjects. The cough thresholds at 15, 30 and 60 min were greater than the initial value in patients with the SBS but not in normal subjects. In addition, we examined the effect of 4 days treatment with indomethacin (100 mg/day) on the cough thresholds measured twice at an interval of 15 min in eight patients with the SBS. Indomethacin increased the initial cough threshold and reduced the increment in the post-15 min cough threshold from the initial value compared with placebo, thus reducing the tachyphylaxis. These results indicate that chronic airway inflammation may be responsible for the decreased response (tachyphylaxis) to repeated inhalation of capsaicin, and suggest that cyclooxygenase products released by the airway inflammation may be involved in tachyphylaxis, cough receptor sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin, or both, in patients with the SBS.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Interleukin-8 in cord sera: a sensitive and specific marker for the detection of preterm chorioamnionitis.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) exerts chemotactic activity on neutrophils at inflammatory sites to eliminate invading bacteria. To investigate whether the preterm fetus with chorioamnionitis produces IL-8, the titers of IL-8 were examined in sera of babies with (n = 38) and without chorioamnionitis (n = 34) using an EIA kit specific for IL-8. The infected babies had a significantly higher IL-8 titer than those not infected at 22-36 gestational weeks. The IL-8 titer was increased even in the mild histologic stage of chorioamnionitis and became much higher in the more severe stage. The IL-8 elevation, however, was remarkably suppressed by infusion of a steroid into the mother to promote fetal lung maturation. This retrospective study demonstrated that titration of IL-8 in cord serum is a more useful marker for the early detection of chorioamnionitis, because of its higher sensitivity and specificity, than conventional markers such as C-reactive protein.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Involvement of arachidonate cyclooxygenase products in bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by subthreshold concentration of aerosolized thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2) in guinea pigs.

Effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) on bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by subthreshold concentration of aerosolized thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2) were investigated in anesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea pigs in order to examine the role of the cyclooxygenase pathway in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Pretreatment with aerosolized OKY-046 significantly inhibited the bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine, but pretreatment with intravenous indomethacin showed a tendency to potentiate bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These results suggest that subthreshold concentration of thromboxane A2 contributes to bronchial hyperresponsiveness through activating the cyclooxygenase pathway including thromboxane A2 synthesis, and that the released cyclooxygenase products have an inhibitory effect on the bronchial hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology of neonatal chronic lung disease in Japan.

A nationwide survey on the epidemiology of chronic lung disease (CLD) of the newborn was conducted. Questionnaires were sent to 391 level II and III neonatal centers in Japan and the registration of infants born in 1990 with chronic lung disease was requested. CLD was defined as an oxygen requirement greater than that obtainable in room air at 28 days after birth, with symptoms of persistent respiratory distress and a hazy or emphysematous and fibrous appearance on chest X-ray. A total of 301 neonatal centers (77.0%) responded and 50,290 infants at these centers were registered. Of these, 97% survived the first month and 1,135 of 48,762 neonatal survivors developed CLD. The mortality of infants with CLD was 6.2%. Survival rates at 28 days of age increased consistently with birthweight. Survival at 28 days of age in infants below 1,000 g at birth was 73.7%, but the rate was 93.9% in infants weighing 1,000-1,499 g. The incidence of CLD was inversely proportional to birthweight. Approximately one quarter of neonatal survivors with a birthweight below 1,500 g and approximately half of extremely small infants ( < 1,000 g) developed CLD. The analysis of CLD infants showed that 28.2% of them had a history of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and a typical fibrous appearance on chest X-ray (Type I), while 29.3% also had a history of RDS but had an atypical X-ray appearance (Type II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

Effects of methacholine induced bronchoconstriction and procaterol induced bronchodilation on cough receptor sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin and tartaric acid.

BACKGROUND: The direct effect of bronchoconstriction on cough receptor sensitivity is unknown, and the antitussive effect of beta 2 adrenergic agonists in man has been controversial. This study was designed to throw light on these questions. METHODS: The threshold of the cough response to inhaled capsaicin, a stimulant acting on C fibre endings, and tartaric acid, a chemostimulant, was measured before and 10 minutes after inhalation of methacholine, which caused a nearly 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), in 14 normal subjects (study 1), and also before and 30 minutes after inhalation of procaterol (30 micrograms), placebo, and saline in eight normal subjects (study 2). Progressively increasing concentrations of capsaicin and tartaric acid solutions were inhaled for 15 seconds by mouth tidal breathing at one minute intervals and cough threshold was defined as the lowest concentration of capsaicin and tartaric acid that elicited five or more coughs. RESULTS: In study 1 the geometric mean values of the cough threshold of response to capsaicin and tartaric acid before methacholine callenge, 2.98 (GSE 1.30) micrograms/ml and 46.6 (1.22) mg/ml, were not significantly different from those of the response to methacholine inhalation, 3.45 (1.33) micrograms/ml and 32.9 (1.37) mg/ml. In study 2 the geometric mean value of the cough threshold of response to capsaicin before inhalation of procaterol (4.61 (GSE 1.84) micrograms/ml) was not different from that after inhalation of procaterol (4.61 (GSE 1.84) micrograms/ml), which had significant bronchodilator effects. The cough threshold was not altered by placebo or saline. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that muscarinic receptor stimulation, bronchoconstriction, beta 2 receptor stimulation, or bronchodilation might have no direct effect on the sensitivity of the cough receptors in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of a M1-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist (pirenzepine) on basal bronchomotor tone in young women.

To examine the role of muscarinic M1-receptors in vagally mediated basal bronchomotor tone, we studied the effects of inhaled pirenzepine, which is a M1-receptor antagonist, on basal bronchomotor tone in 8 young women. To obtain dose-response curves to inhaled pirenzepine, we measured partial and full flow-volume curves before and 30 min after inhalation of each concentration of pirenzepine (3.25-200 micrograms/ml). Maximum expiratory flow on partial flow-volume curve at 25% forced vital capacity (PEF25) was measured as an index showing basal bronchomotor tone. The dose-response curve of the percent increase in PEF25 by pirenzepine was biphasic in shape. PEF25 was significantly increased by 3.12 (14.5 +/- 5.8%), 6.25 (15.5 +/- 4.2%), 12.5 (20.0 +/- 0.29%) and 200 micrograms/ml (17.3 +/- 5.9%) of pirenzepine, but not by 25 (9.6 +/- 5.6%), 50 (9.4 +/- 6.2%) and 100 micrograms/ml (14.4 +/- 6.2%) of pirenzepine. The percent increase in PEF25 by 40 micrograms of ipratropium bromide was 66.2 +/- 14.2%. These results suggest that the role of M1-receptors in vagally mediated basal bronchomotor tone may be significant but little compared with M3-receptors in normal humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Levels of epidermal growth factor in human cord blood.

Levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the cord serum of 13 full-term and 84 preterm infants were measured using a radioimmunoassay. Detectable levels of immunoreactive EGF were present in the cord blood at 23 weeks gestation and rose gradually with increasing gestational age. EGF levels correlated significantly with birth weight and placental weight. In small-for-gestational-age infants with birth weights smaller than 3 SD below the mean, EGF levels were lower than those in appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. These results suggest that EGF may play a role in fetal growth, but low EGF levels may also be the result of growth retardation.

Aging↗