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Biomedical subjects

M Funayama

Publications and source records attributed to M Funayama.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Asphyxial death caused by postextraction hematoma.

A 71-year-old man was admitted to an emergency room because of postextraction hemorrhage and died of asphyxia caused by airway obstruction. About 40 days earlier, he had had 11 carious teeth removed without postextraction bleeding. At autopsy, liver cirrhosis was found, but examination of his previous extractions and postmortem external findings did not show a general hemorrhagic tendency. The surgical incision in the gingiva had been sutured, and no damage to the bony socket or large vasculature was found. We could not determine the etiologic source of the decedent's rapidly increasing hematoma. Postextraction hemorrhage or hematoma is a common complication in routine dental extraction, but marked hematoma formation around the airway may cause critical respiratory problems in the short run. In such cases, the maintenance of the airway, including control of hemorrhage, is necessary at an early stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A review of recent studies investigating the relationship between sudden infant death syndrome and sleeping position].

Recent references (articles and letters) investigating relationship between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleeping position are presented. There are many articles which have reported about this association, although repeated investigation or letters by the same researchers were contained. More than 10 epidemiological data in different area or countries were published. The vast majority of reports are retrospective case-control studies, and no study has found prone sleeping to be more common in control cases than in SIDS, although this relation has not always been statistically significant. In addition, a few intervention studies and one cohort study also showed prone sleeping position was associated with an increased risk of SIDS. The recent autopsy cases from Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office showed that most of SIDS infant whose position was recorded were found prone position, and the result was not conflict with reports from Europe and Oceania. Judging from the result of all epidemiological studies, I agree a link between the increased risk of SIDS and prone sleeping position. Health authorities in five developed countries (Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia, the UK and the USA) have advised parents not to place their infant prone to sleep. In these countries except the USA, the reduction of the incidence of SIDS has been reported. In the USA, the prone sleeping has been traditionally received and the incidence of SIDS is lower than in reports from other countries, so all SIDS researchers do not admit the risk of prone sleeping position. The reason of the association between SIDS and prone sleeping position is unknown, but some researchers have thought the mechanism is likelihood of suffocation by rebreathing or/and airway obstruction on particular type of cot, mattress, bedding or clothes. The medical examination system in Japan covers only four regions (the 23 wards in Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe). In almost all other regions, it is difficult to perform the reliable epidemiological study. However, we should collect more Japanese data, as far as possible, before we determine and recommend the "safer" sleeping position of Japanese infants. We need to get further information about not only sleeping position but also other infant care practices.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

An immunohistochemical study on pulmonary surfactant of infants diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome.

Pulmonary tissues from 22 autopsy cases diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were examined by immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies against human pulmonary surfactant apoproteins. In all cases except one, a moderate or large amount of pulmonary surfactant existed in the alveolar spaces. In the cytoplasm of the alveolar type II cells of most cases, a variable number of reaction products were also recognized. This study suggested that SIDS babies suffered lethal hypoxic state, but the staining intensity of pulmonary surfactant did not show a clear difference in sleeping positions.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Estimation of age from soft X-ray findings of lumbar vertebrae using image processing].

The age changes that occur in human trabecular bone were examined by calculating the bone density in the soft X-ray films taken from the 3rd lumbar vertebra with an image processing system. The samples were obtained from 177 adult corpses (98 males and 69 females). Loss of the trabecular bone density was found in and after the age group of 30s in both sexes, especially in the age group of 50s in female the decrease in bone density was remarkable. The bone density scattered widely in all age groups, even in the young group. The wide dispersion of bone density in the same age group may produce some unreliable results for estimating the age, so this estimation method should cautiously be applied to actual identification cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Plasminogen (PLG) polymorphism in northern Japanese: confirmation of PLG*M6 allele.

Plasminogen (PLG) phenotyping has been performed on 450 unrelated individuals from northern Japan, using wide-scale ultrathin layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing combined with immunoblotting. One common phenotype and six rare ones were observed. The rare phenotypes included the recently detected allele PLG*M6 in a new combination with PLG*M5 allele. The estimated allele frequencies for PLG*A, PLG*A3, PLG*M2, PLG*M5, PLG*M6, PLG*B, and PLG*B2 were 0.961, 0.009, 0.001, 0.016, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.009, respectively.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Consecutive infanticides in Japan.

A 34-year-old housewife who was arrested for patricide confessed that she had also killed six newborn infants between 1975 to 1983. She is the mother of four other children, and her husband frequently works away from home. Her motive seemed to be economic. In addition to this case, 11 other cases of three or more consecutive infanticides are recorded for the 8-year period between 1979 and 1986 in Japan. All of the suspects were the natural mothers of the murdered infants, and most of them were married. The infants were killed immediately after delivery by various methods of asphyxia, such as strangulation, throttling, smothering, or suffocation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Detection of diatoms in blood by a combination of membrane filtering and chemical digestion.

An improved method for detecting diatom in blood is reported. Blood of cadavers was obtained by cardiac puncture at inquest or from the left atrium directly at autopsy. The blood was hemolyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and filtered through membrane filter (47 mm in diameter and 5 microns in pore size). When the blood was putrefied, two or three pieces of membranes filters were needed because of choking membrane pore. The membrane filters were digested with fuming nitric acid and diluted with distilled water. The diluted solution was filtered through membrane filter (25 mm in diameter) again. After drying the membrane filter was immersed in oil. Diatoms on the membrane filter were clearly observed microscopically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Detection of AB antigen in blood stain using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A new method for detection of AB antigen from blood stain using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described. Flat-bottomed-wells of polystylen plate coated with human anti-B or rabbit anti-A were sensitized with AB antigen which was extracted from blood stain with 1% octyl-glucopyranoside in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 8.0. Mouse monoclonal anti-A or anti-B, and peroxidase conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulin were added to the wells, respectively. Subsequently, the substrate was dropped into the wells, and the absorbance of the solution was measured. By this method, we could distinguish AB group blood stain from the mixed stain of A and B group bloods. When rabbit antiserum was used as the first antibody, differentiation between these antigens was unsuccessful presumably because of non-specific adsorption.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) subtypes in Egyptians.

The polymorphism of the human red cell phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) in samples from Egyptians (n = 134) was investigated using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel. In the studied population samples nine common phenotypes were observed, and the calculated frequencies for the genes PGM1+1, PGM1-1, PGM2+1 and PGM2-1 were 0.6381, 0.0821, 0.2201 and 0.0597, respectively. The observed and expected phenotypes provide a good fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The four alleles system will increase the probability of excluding a man falsely accused of paternity to 30% as compared with 16% if the two alleles system is used.

Egypt↗
PubMed1986

Sex determination of the human skull based upon line drawing from roentgen cephalograms.

The shape of the human skulls was studied with the aid of a personal computer to establish sex differences in quantitative anatomical terms. On the roentgen cephalograms from 50 adult males and 50 adult females, the lateral profile was transcribed onto an acetate sheet, on which the contour from the nasal apex to the forehead was digitized on a tablet digitizer into a series of dots which were input into the computer system. After this chain of dots was simulated by a spline function, the places most typically reflecting sex difference were determined in the profile based on the radius of curvature computed at each dot. The eminence of glabella and the nasal root, shown to be the places of skull apparently most characteristic of sex, were approximated to circular arcs with the least squares method, the radii of which were expected to serve for sexing. In both places, Student's t-test revealed a significant difference between the male and female groups (p less than 0.01). It was thus demonstrated that in male the eminence of glabella and the nasal concavity develop much more markedly than in female, presenting as a clear skeletal difference between both sexes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Heat and chemical stability of blood group-specific immunoglobulins in the state of immunecomplex.

Immune agglutinin or precipitin loses its reactivity with the corresponding antigen by heating or some chemicals. A. Se group saliva or M group blood stain was sensitized with human IgM anti-A or rabbit IgG anti-M serum, respectively. After being washed with saline, the stains were heated or treated with formalin or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) of various concentrations. The immunoreactivity of the antibodies in the state of immunecomplex was examined by the mixed agglutination or elution test, indicating IgM and IgG antibodies in the state of immunecomplex were proof against heating up to 150 degrees C for 10 min and against formalin and 2-ME of high concentrations. It is considered that IgM and IgG acquire a new property of heat and chemical stability by formation of immunecomplex although they are substantially heat and chemical labile.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antigenic relationship between Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans serotype B.

We examined the antigenic relationship between Candida parapsilosis and C. albicans serotype B with respect to antigenic factors 13 and 13b, specific for the former species and common to both species, respectively. Acetolysis of C. albicans serotype B cell-wall mannan gave six oligosaccharides. Their chemical structure was determined by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and partial acid hydrolysis. The structure of the hexasaccharide derived from C. albicans serotype B mannan was alpha-D-Manp-(1-2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1- 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-2)- alpha-D-Manp-(1-2)-D-Man (M6) which is identical to that from C. parapsilosis mannan. Inhibition of two precipitin reaction systems (anti-C. albicans serotype B serum and anti-C. parapsilosis serum to the respective homologous mannan), by oligosaccharides from homologous and heterologous mannans indicated that M6 from either C. albicans serotype B or C. parapsilosis was the most effective inhibitor. Moreover inhibition of the agglutination reaction between factor serum containing anti-factors 13 and 13b and C. albicans serotype B or C. parapsilosis cells by oligosaccharides from both mannans also indicated that the M6s were the most effective inhibitors. These results suggest that the M6s derived from the two species are identical in their chemical structure, although the structures of the whole mannans of the two species are not identical as demonstrated by gel diffusion precipitation patterns, and that M6s may be involved in the specificities of antigenic factors 13 and 13b. The amount of M6 is larger in C. parapsilosis cell-wall mannan, suggesting that high repeating frequency of M6 fragment may induce the antibody specific for C. parapsilosis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1983

Immunochemical determinant of Candida parapsilosis.

Acetolysis of Candida parapsilosis cell-wall D-mannan, obtained by alkali extraction and purified as a copper complex, gave six oligosaccharides by Bio-Gel P-2 filtration. Their chemical structure was examined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and partial acid hydrolysis. The structures of the penta- and hexa-saccharide were alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-D-Man (M5) and alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-D-Man (M6), respectively. Inhibition of the oligosaccharides with anti-C. parapsilosis serum and homologous D-mannan indicated that although M5 and M6 exhibited strong inhibitory-activity, M6 was the more effective inhibitor, and suggested that M6 may be the immunodominant or may be responsible for the specificity of C. parapsilosis mannan in the precipitin-reaction system, or both.

Antigens, Surface↗