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Biomedical subjects

M G Alper

Publications and source records attributed to M G Alper.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hemianopsia from occipital lobe abscess after dental care.

We treated four patients who developed a homonymous hemianopsia from a bacterial abscess in the occipital lobe of the brain. All four patients were treated successfully by surgical drainage of the abscess and administration of parenteral antibiotics for at least six weeks. Despite cure of the brain abscess, each patient was left with a permanent residual homonymous visual field defect. Cultures from the abscess fluid in three of the four patients grew oral flora. Moreover, each patient had a history of dental care two to four weeks before the onset of visual symptoms. A history of recent dental treatment in a patient with a new hemianoptic field defect should alert the ophthalmologist to the possibility of a bacterial abscess in the occipital lobe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Oculomotor nerve regeneration after aneurysm surgery.

A 57-year-old woman had symptoms of oculomotor nerve palsy first appearing one year before successful surgical ligation of a saccular aneurysm arising from the right posterior cerebral artery. During the subsequent postoperative period of two years, oculomotor nerve functions improved as the result of regeneration. Extensive morphometric evaluation of the regenerated nerve was compared to the normal side at the light microscopic level. The affected nerve showed a reduction in the transverse area (62%), estimated number of fibers (49%), and mean diameter of myelinated axons (23%). The normal g-ratio of axon to total diameter was almost constant at 0.64, but on the regenerated side it increased to 0.73. An increase in unmyelinated axons and connective tissue endoneurium was evident at the ultrastructural level. The significance of these marked quantitative changes was compared to the partial return of oculomotor nerve function.

Axons↗
PubMed1979

Editorial.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of the visual pathways.

Many articles have discussed the anatomy and pathology of the orbits. Although this area is exquisitely visualized via computed tomography, the bulk of the visual apparatus lies behind the optic canal. A variety of pathologic conditions will manifest themselves by changes in the visual fields. This article demonstrates the normal anatomy of the visual pathways within the brain by CT scanning and correlates various changes that cause visual field defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Mucoceles of the sphenoid sinus: neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations.

Seven examples of mucocele of the sphenoid sinus have been described. The characteristic symptoms and signs have been described, and the diagnostic neuroradiologic features have been demonstrated. The condition is not a benign one, as is demonstrated by total blindness which occurred in one patient (Case 2). A high index of suspicion for this condition with early referral for neuroradiologic diagnosis leads to proper management and treatment which is usually successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The anesthetic eye: an investigation of changes in the anterior ocular segment of the monkey caused by interrupting the trigeminal nerve at various levels along its course.

Operations were performed at four different levels on the fifth nerve of the monkey to determine which procedure offers the best chance of avoiding ocular complications after surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (Figure 18). (1) Section of the ophthalmic branch of N V results in immediate corneal anesthesia. After one week, chromatolysis of the unipolar gasserian ganglion cells subserving the first division occurs and Wallerian degeneration of the corneal nerves of the ipsilateral eye is seen. This is associated with perilimbal round cell invasion of the superficial cornea and subconjunctival area. In addition, iritis develops de novo or becomes worse if it pre-exists. Miosis occurs, but the chemodiagnostic tests of cocaine and adrenalin indicate an intact sympathetic system. The cause for this inflammatory reaction and pupillary change is unexplained by this study. The intraocular pressure is slightly lower on the side of the section than in the normal fellow control eye after surgery, but the difference is not statistically significant. (2) Section of the posterior sensory root of N V in the middle cranial fossa at a point between the gasserian glanglion and the tentorium results in similar ocular changes as is seen after interrupting the ophthalmic division alone. Wallerian degeneration of the corneal nerves, however, is not seen after seven, twelve or twenty-one days. (3) Transtentorial section of the trigeminal posterior sensory root performed in the middle cranial fossa, results in immediate corneal anesthesia. The gasserian ganglion cells, however, remain healthy and there is no perilimbal round cell invasion of the superficial cornea or subconjunctival tissue. Miosis occurs but the chemodiagnostic tests of cocaine and adrenalin indicate an intact sympathetic system. The intraocular pressure is only slightly lower on the side of section than in the control eye, but the difference is not statistically significant. (4) Suboccipital rhizotomy of the posterior sensory root of NV at the pons results in immediate corneal anesthesia. The gasserian ganglion cells remain healthy and there is no perilimbal round cell invasion of the superficial cornea or subconjunctival tissue. Miosis occurs in most animals (2 of 3) and is associated with an intact sympathetic system as indicated by the chemodiagnostic tests of cocaine and adrenalin. Intraocular pressure is very slightly lower on the side of section than in the control eye, but the difference is not statistically significant. (5) Thinning of the corneal epithelium occurs in an anesthetic eye regardless of the location of the section of N V and is not adversely affected by tarsorrhaphy. The corneal stroma, however, remains unchanged. (6) The experimental data demonstrate that to decrease ocular complications, operations on the trigeminal nerve should be performed on the caudal end of the sensory root as far from the gasserian ganglion as is techanically feasible.

Animals↗