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Biomedical subjects

M G Bubnova

Publications and source records attributed to M G Bubnova.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease at outpatient stage.].

The article is assigned to general practitioners and devoted to the outpatient combined rehabilitation of coronary heart disease patients, including those after myocardial infarction. In the part concerning the physical rehabilitation there is given the classification of patients by functional classes, the exercise programs of middle intensity for sport and home training. The formula of selection of the walking training temp according to the results of exercise stress test is given. There are presented the psychodiagnostic methods that evaluate the psychological reactions of patients on the disease, and the methods of psychological rehabilitation with use of psychopharmacotherapy. Special part is devoted to the educational program for patients.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed2006

[Exercise in outpatient complex rehabilitation and secondary prophylaxis in patients with ischemic heart disease after acute coronary events (a cooperative trial in Russia)].

AIM: To assess efficacy of early and long-term exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after acute coronary events (acute myocardial infarction--AMI, unstable angina--UA, coronary artery bypass grafting--CABG) in wide outpatient medical practice of Russia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three to eight weeks after the acute coronary event (ACE) 373 patients from different clinics of RF regions were randomized into two groups: the study group (n = 188) and a control one (n = 185). Both groups received standard therapy, the study group performed also a special exercise program (moderate exercise for maximum 1 hour 3 times a week for a year). The efficacy of the treatment was assessed by clinical, device and biochemical findings during 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Physical work capacity, total amount of performed work (PW) in stress test rose in the study group by 26.5% (p < 0.01) and 59.4% (p < 0.01), respectively; HRmax and BPSmax x HRmax increased by 6.4 and 9.8%, respectively, p < 0.01); PW/Hrpeak rose by 48.6% (p < 0.01), PW/DP peak--by 45.9% (p < 0.01). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased by 5.6% (p < 0.05), LV stroke volume--by 3.4% (p < 0.05). In 6 months, controls demonstrated a 4.7% (p < 0.05) rise in HDLP cholesterol, total cholesterol lowered in the study group by 6.4% (p < 0.01), body mass index--by 1.9%, number of anginal attacks--by 0.9%. CONCLUSION: The proposed exercise program is effective and can be applied in outpatients after acute coronary events. The program can be also used as a method of secondary prophylaxis as it lowers total cholesterol, atherogenic index and body mass index.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed2005

[Physical activity and atherosclerosis: effect of dynamic activity of various intensity on parameters of lipid-transport system and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes].

Effect of single bout of dynamic physical exercise on parameters of lipid-transport system and carbohydrate metabolism and hormones (insulin, cortisol) in the blood was studied in patients with coronary heart disease with class I-III angina and type 2 diabetes. Intensity of exercise was limited by severity of stable effort angina and was > 95, 80 and 70% of predicted maximum in patients with class I (n=10), II (n=12) and III (n=14) angina, respectively. High intensity exercise provoked development of atherogenic dyslipidemia: elevation of levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, and lowering of levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. Patients with diabetes responded to high intensity exercise by elevation of blood glucose and insulin levels and lowering of sensitivity of tissues of the periphery to insulin (glucose/insulin ratio). On the contrary exercise of moderate intensity did not affect negatively metabolism of blood lipids and carbohydrates. Six months course of physical training in patients with diabetes (n=10) corrected exogenous atherogenic dyslipidemia and derangements of carbohydrate metabolism, which developed after acute dynamic effort of high intensity.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed2004

[Correlation of lipemia level after fat loading with manifestation of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries].

AIM: To examine relationships between lipemia, atherogenicity of blood lipoproteins spectrum after fat loading (FL) and severity of angiographic manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 72 males free of ischemic heart disease (IHD)--group 1; 60 IHD patients with moderate affection of the coronary arteries (CA), i.e. maximal narrowing of one CA 50%--group 2; 107 IHD patients with severe CA affection, i.e. CA narrowing > 50%--group 3. FL was given by J. R. Patsch technique, blood sampling was made before meal, 3 and 6 hours after FL. RESULTS: It was shown that intake of food fats in IHD and IHD-free patients stimulated development of postprandial lipemia of different severity and duration. It appeared due to increased fraction of lipoproteins rich in triglycerides. In group 2 and 3 there was a definite and up to 6 hours in duration postprandial hypertriglyceridemia associated with proatherogenic deviations in lipid and protein components (LDL and HDL) by FL hour 6: growing of LDL cholesterol, apoB, apoB/apoAI and lowering of HDL cholesterol and apoAI. Patients with severe CA atherosclerosis (> 50% narrowing of three CA) had the most severe atherogenic affections in the postprandial lipoprotein spectrum. CONCLUSION: Postprandial lipemia/hypertriglyceridemia and atherogenic changes in the spectrum of lipoproteins after FL correlate directly with angiographic manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Atorvastatin: lipid lowering activity, pleiotropic properties and efficacy in prevention of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease].

The review presents data on pharmacological properties of atorvastatin, its lipid lowering activity, and action on main mechanisms of atherogenesis. Favorable pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin such as normalization of endothelial function, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and antioxidant activity contribute to stabilization of atheromatous plaques. Clinical trials revealing early and significant effects of the drug on main end points have demonstrated its high value for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis↗
PubMed2003

[Efficacy and safety of simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (results of a Multicenter Clinical Study)].

AIM: To assess efficacy and safety of a generic preparation of simvastatin Vasilip (KRKA) in ischemic heart disease patients with hypercholesterolemia or combined hyperlipidemia. MATERIAL: Patients (n=167, age 36-73 years) with ischemic heart disease and moderate hypercholesterolemia or combined hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Duration of simvastatin administration was 12 weeks. All patients received 20 mg/day for 6 weeks. Then those patients who did not achieve target low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level (3.0 mmol/l) were given 40 mg/day for 6 more weeks. Other patients continued to take 20 mg/day. RESULTS: The use of Vasilip was associated with lowering of total, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (by 28, 39 and 10%, respectively) and 18% elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Target LDL CH level was achieved in 107 patients (66.9%). In 47 patients (29.4%) LDL CH concentration remained higher than target level but decrease of LDL CH exceeded 10%. Six patients (3.8%) did not respond to therapy. Treatment was stopped because of adverse effects in 2.4% of patients. CONCLUSION: A generic preparation of simvastatin Vasilip in a 12-week open noncomparative study demonstrated substantial lipid lowering activity and did not induce serious adverse reactions.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed2003

[Syndrome of impaired tolerance to dietary fats in coronary heart disease].

Changes of main lipid and apolipoprotein parameters of lipid transport system during postprandial hyperlipidemia were studied in subjects without (n=72) and with (n=167) overt coronary heart disease (CHD) including patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes (n=48). Tolerance to dietary fat was evaluated by oral fat load test (consumption of 639+/-7 ml of 20% cream after fast). In subjects without CHD reaction of lipid transport system to fat load was characterized by lowered total, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein apo B and apo B/apo A-1 ratio, lowered or unchanged triglycerides, stable high density lipoprotein cholesterol level at the background of apo A-1 elevation by 6-th hour after load. Patients with CHD exhibited signs of impaired tolerance to dietary fat: elevation of triglycerides, apo B and apo B/apo A-1 ratio, lowering of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, increase of percentage of subfractions of small high density lipoproteins particles, increase of triglyceride content in low and high density lipoprotein fraction during 6 hours after fat load.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Physical exercise and atherosclerosis: dynamic high intensity exercise as a factor inducing exogenous dyslipidemia].

Effect of dynamic exercise of various intensity (maximal 100% and submaximal -- 80, 70 and 60% of individual maximally tolerated work load) on blood lipids, lipo- and apolipoproteins (apo) was studied in healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease. Both in healthy persons and patients high intensity (100 and 80%) exercise was associated with atherogenic changes of lipid transport system: increases of levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and apo B/apo-A1 ratio. On the contrary, changes after exercise of moderate (60%) intensity (lowering of apo-B containing lipoproteins in healthy subjects and patients and elevation of apo-A1 concentration in healthy subjects) were antiatherogenic.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Physical exercise and atherosclerosis: proatherogenic effects of high and moderate intensity static exercise on blood lipid transport system].

Effects of high (100 and 80 kg) and moderate (60 kg) intensity static leg exercise on blood serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins (apo) A1 and B were studied in healthy subjects (n=11) and patients with coronary heart disease and class I angina (n=11). Static leg exercise with loads exceeding 60 kg were associated with atherogenic changes of blood lipid transport system: elevation of levels of triglycerides, apoprotein B and apo B/A ratio both in healthy subjects and patients, and of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients. These post exercise changes were more pronounced in the presence of fasting hyperlipidemia and their severity increased with increase in duration of exercise. Static leg exercise did not increase concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. For prevention of post exercise atherogenic dyslipidemia it is expedient to supplement strength training programs with dynamic exercise of moderate intensity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Pravastatin: pharmacological action, pleiotropic effects and efficacy in prevention of atherosclerosis].

This literature review presents data on pharmacological action of pravastatin, its lipid lowering activity, and influence on main mechanisms of atherogenesis. Beneficial pleiotropic (nonlipid) effects of pravastatin: normalization of endothelial function, antiinflammatory action, antiischemic- and antithrombotic effects are also described. These effects represent possible mechanisms of participation of pravastatin in stabilization of prone to rupture atheromatous plaques. Early and pronounced clinical efficacy of pravastatin demonstrated in trials with clinical endpoints is discussed and value of the drug for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis stressed.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed2002

[Correction of atherogenic exogenously-induced postprandial hyperlipidemia with pravastatin].

Effect of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin on atherogenic changes in the lipid transport system during postprandial hyperlipidemia immediately after ingestion of fatty meal was studied in patients with coronary heart disease and fasting hyperlipidemia. Treatment with pravastatin (20-40 mg/day for 3 months) resulted in normalization of fasting levels of blood lipids and decreased postprandial hyperlipidemia due to of enhanced removal of triglyceride-rich atherogenic lipoproteins from blood and their diminished secretion in response to fat load. Moreover pravastatin increased tolerance of the lipid-transport system to exogenous saturated fats. KEY WORDS. coronary heart disease; postprandial hyperlipidemia; pravastatin; lipoproteins, metabolism.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed2000

Effects of alcohol on the major steps of reverse cholesterol transport.

The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the capacity of blood sera to promote acceptance of cholesterol (C) from Fu5AH hepatoma cells, esterification of delivered free C, and transfer of produced cholesteryl esters to apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins have been studied. Twenty male subjects with relatively high (>50 mg/dl, n = 10) and low (<50 mg/dl, n = 10) high density lipoprotein (HDL) C levels consumed for eight weeks red grape wine (0.3 g ethanol/kg body mass per day). Alcohol consumption reduced total C and low density lipoprotein C levels in both groups of subjects. Low HDL C subjects showed an increase in HDL C, apo AI, apo AII, and lipoprotein (Lp) AI particle levels after alcohol consumption. Alcohol did not affect free C efflux from the cells. However, after the following period of substitution of alcohol with an isocaloric amount of red grape juice, cellular C efflux markedly reduced. While lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity increased during alcohol consumption only in subjects with low HDL C, high HDL C subjects showed a significant decrease in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity. At the same time, alcohol consumption reduced the endogenous C esterification rate and increased the transfer of endogenous cholesteryl esters to apo B-containing lipoproteins in both groups. Thus, alcohol consumption in moderate doses enhanced the anti-atherogenicity of the serum lipoprotein spectrum, supporting more effective C efflux from peripheral cells and transport of accepted C to apo B-containing lipoproteins. The effects of alcohol on the reverse cholesterol transport depend on the initial HDL C level.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of dietary fat load on the gas exchange parameters and physical work capacity in healthy people and patients with ischemic heart disease].

The impact of alimentary fat load on physical fitness and gas exchange parameters was studied in 20 healthy individuals and 20 patients with preclinical coronary heart disease (CHD) and 16 patients with manifest CHD. The healthy persons and the patients with preclinical CHD were found to have higher maximum oxygen consumption, increased metabolic units and oxygen pulse during maximum exercises in the presence of fat load, as compared to the values obtained in the exercise test without fat load. In patients with manifest CHD who had alimentary fat load, their physical working capacity decreased: myocardial ischemia developed more rapidly if the test was performed after meal; they also showed lower maximum oxygen consumption, decreased metabolic units and oxygen pulse after fat load tests. The application of spirobicycle ergometry and dietary fat intake enabled a group of persons with patent CHD to be clearly differentiated from that of healthy individuals and patients with evident clinical signs of CHD as compared to the use of spirobycicle without fat load.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of maximal and submaximal physical loads on alimentary dyslipidemia].

Short-term maximal and long-term submaximal regimens of physical exercise had been assessed for effect on serum lipoproteins in healthy subjects, in preclinical coronary heart disease (CHD) sufferers and in manifest CHD patients having food fat-induced lipemia. Fat loading caused hypertriglyceridemia in all the examinees. In healthy subjects it was associated with a rise in apo AI, while in CHD patients with relevant fall. Maximal exercise in preexisting alimentary hyperlipidemia provoked elevation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, being atherogenic. Apo AI grew with a decrease in apo B/apo AI ratio in healthy subjects, in coronary patients apolipoprotein changes were of atherogenic origin. Prolonged submaximal exercise at the height of food lipemia resulted in lowering of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol along with elevation of HDL cholesterol and apo AI both in healthy and coronary subjects evidencing anti-atherogenicity. It is noted that the response of lipids and apolipoproteins to fat and physical exercise loads was similar in subclinical and manifest CHD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Impact of exercise on alimentary hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with ischemic heart disease].

The impact of graded exercises of various intensity and duration on serum lipoprotein values was examined in 20 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 10 healthy individuals after a single dietary fat load (FL). FL resulted in hypertriglyceridemia which was accompanied by elevated apo-AI levels and reduced apo-B/apo-AI ratio in the healthy persons, whereas it was accompanied by lower apo-AI levels and increased apo-B/apo-AI ratio in the patients. The short-term maximum exercise in the presence of FL caused negative shifts in the lipid transport system both in the healthy persons and the patients, by elevating the level of apo-B-containing lipoproteins. Yet, the healthy individuals showed a further increase in apo-AI concentrations. The long-term exercise in the training mode corrected changes in lipid values, which had been induced by FL in the two groups of the examinees. There was a decrease in the levels of triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and an increase in the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Adult↗