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Biomedical subjects

M G Cook

Publications and source records attributed to M G Cook.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cigarette smoking and benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast in women: a case-control study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible association between cigarette smoking and benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast. DESIGN: This was a case-control study with two different control groups. SETTING: The study was community based and took place in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. SUBJECTS: 506 biopsy proven cases between 18 and 75 years were identified, of whom 39 could not be approached because of surgeon refusal, 66 would not be interviewed and 18 were untraceable, leaving 383 for inclusion in the study. Controls were 192 women who had had a negative breast biopsy, out of a possible 259 (17 surgeon refusals, 39 interview refusals, 11 untraceable); and a randomly selected group of women matched to the index group for age and area of residence (582 subjects were approached to enrol 383 controls). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All breast biopsies were examined by one pathologist and classified using a standard system. Sociodemographic and medical information was collected by trained interviewers using structured questionnaires. Overall, and within menopausal strata, risk of benign proliferative epithelial disease for women who had ever smoked and for current and ex-smokers was similar to that for women who had never smoked. In premenopausal women, using community controls as the comparison group, risk decreased with cigarette-years of exposure, but the trend was not statistically significant. Risk appeared to increase when biopsy controls were used. There was no trend in the association when examined by degree of cytological atypia. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that cigarette smoking is not related to the risk of benign proliferative epithelial breast disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up of in situ carcinoma of the breast with special emphasis on clinging carcinoma.

Forty-two cases of in situ duct (28 cases) and lobular (14 cases) carcinoma were identified after a review of 4,397 "benign" breast biopsies obtained from the files of departments of pathology of a small area of Northern Italy, between 1965 and 1971. None of the patients with in situ lobular carcinoma developed an invasive carcinoma. On the other hand, three patients with in situ duct carcinoma (one comedo and two clinging type) developed subsequent invasive carcinoma. Therefore, it appears that clinging carcinoma has the same biological behavior as other types of small in situ ductal carcinoma; the likelihood of our patients developing invasive breast carcinoma is four times greater than that of the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Repeatability of interview-derived socio-demographic and medical information.

In this report, the repeatability of socio-demographic and medical information elicited by means of an interviewer-administered questionnaire is examined. One hundred and seven women who were controls in case-control studies of breast disease were re-interviewed approximately one year after initial interview. Both interviews addressed the same time period, namely that which preceded the first interview. For most of the quantitative variables studied, at least 70% of individuals provided two estimates (original and repeat) which were within one unit of each other. Also, comparison of the categorization of individuals on repeated measurements of qualitative variables (reports of events, operations and habits) revealed that most individuals were categorized consistently. This strong agreement between the original and repeat estimates was also reflected in the relatively high values of the summary measures of agreement (the intraclass correlation coefficient for quantitative variables and the Kappa statistic for qualitative variables) for most of the variables studied. The results of the present study on repeatability complement the results of previous research into the criterion validity of questionnaire-derived information and, taken together, suggest that information of relatively high quality may be obtained from such sources.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Paget's disease, melanocytic neoplasia and hidradenoma papilliferum of the vulva.

We present a case of invasive melanoma of the vulva with contiguous changes including melanocytic atypia showing, in part, the features of melanocytic dysplasia and, in part, an in situ malignant component and extramammary Paget's disease. A benign hidradenoma papilliferum was also present. We can find no other reported cases of this combination of lesions. The possible histogenesis is discussed and an origin from a common local stem cell is suggested.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMed1988

Nucleolar organizer regions in melanocytic dysplasia and melanoma.

Using silver (Ag) staining to demonstrate nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (AgNORs), pigmented naevi exhibiting features of melanocytic dysplasia have been examined and compared with benign intradermal and compound naevi and with malignant melanomas. A highly significant difference was found between the numbers of AgNORs demonstrated in benign naevus cells and atypical melanocytes and in malignant melanocytes, suggesting that this technique may have a role in differentiating between difficult melanocytic lesions.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Multiple melanomas associated with diffuse melanocytic dysplasia.

An uncommon form of presentation of melanocytic dysplasia is described in 15 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma and a high incidence of multiple melanomas. This variation in melanocytic dysplasia appears macroscopically to the pathologist and to the clinician as a diffuse mottling or 'freckling' of the widely excised skin around the melanomas. Most patients also were described clinically as having multiple moles in other sites as well as round the melanoma. Histologically, the abnormally pigmented skin of the wider excisions has the features of melanocytic dysplasia, usually of lentiginous type, and this is seen both in continuity with the melanoma and distant from it including the margins of the wider excisions. These patients seem particularly prone to developing additional primary melanomas and therefore recognition of this form of presentation of melanocytic dysplasia may be important in patient management and prophylactic care of their families.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The patho-epidemiology of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the female breast.

Benign breast disease is associated with increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, especially when there is evidence of epithelial proliferation. There is no standard terminology for benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED), and this hinders direct comparisons between the various studies which have examined their pathology and their relationship to breast cancer. The present paper reviews previous classification schemes for BPED, and proposes an alternative system in which epitheliosis and blunt duct adenosis are the major features, the degree and pattern of the hyperplasias being graded separately. Adoption of this or a similar system as a standard should facilitate future comparative studies of these conditions. As BPED are apparently pre-malignant conditions, an understanding of their aetiology is important because it may help to elucidate the aetiology of breast carcinoma, and to open up avenues for its prevention. If BPED are precursors to breast carcinoma, then risk factors for BPED should also be risk factors for breast carcinoma. To date, in epidemiological studies of BPED, such concordance has not been demonstrated, as consistent risk factors for the BPED have not yet emerged. This may have resulted, at least in part, from differences in the histological categories included in the various studies. Therefore, collaboration between epidemiologists and pathologists may facilitate progress towards an understanding of BPED.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Melanocytic dysplasia and melanoma.

A review of a series of 226 melanomas, representing 95% of the melanomas presenting in one year, has shown that 34% are associated with atypical melanocytic proliferation or melanocytic dysplasia in the adjacent skin. The dysplasia may be lentiginous, predominantly spindle-celled or non-lentiginous in pattern. These variants appear to correspond to the previously reported lesions, lentiginous and epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia and atypical melanocytic hyperplasia respectively. Some of these are referred to as dysplastic naevi. All these variants were seen in a review of 325 cases of melanocytic dysplasia. The variations are commonly seen within the same lesion and it is argued that they are variants of a single premalignant process which might best be termed melanocytic dysplasia. Melanocytic dysplasia is seen in white races, on non-exposed and exposed skin. They may be solitary as well as multiple and the majority are non-familial. Although melanocytic dysplasia may be a precursor of a large proportion of malignant melanomas it is suggested that most lesions mature into a benign intradermal melanonaevus. The behaviour of the lesions in any single patient appears to be proportional to the number and cellularity of the lesions and the strength of the family history. A diffuse mottled pattern of melanocytic dysplasia appears to have a particularly unfavourable prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Neoplastic cells containing lysozyme in gastric carcinomas.

A case of gastric carcinoma mostly composed of cells with histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of Paneth cells prompted a comparative investigation of the occurrence of similar cells in gastric, colorectal and mammary carcinomas. Cells containing lysozyme were demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase-PAP technique in 34.9% of 83 gastric carcinomas. They were found in 38% of intestinal-type and in 30% of diffuse-type tumours. Paneth-type granules were demonstrated ultrastructurally in 4 of 7 carcinomas in which lysozyme had been demonstrated immunohistochemically. No lysozyme was demonstrated in a series of 30 breast carcinomas and in only 1 of 27 cases of colorectal neoplasm. The possibility of using lysozyme as a marker for some carcinomas of gastric origin is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Malignant Schwannoma of cranial nerves.

The clinical presentation and histopathological features of 5 cases of malignant Schwannoma of cranial nerves are described. The ultrastructural appearances of one case and the pattern of nerve sheath cell differentiation of these tumours are also discussed. These uncommon tumours often are not diagnosed at initial presentation. Since the cases provide evidence that early diagnosis and surgical treatment are vital in the management of patients with this tumour criteria for its diagnosis are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Two-stage skin carcinogenesis in sensitive and resistant mouse strains.

Strains of laboratory mice vary markedly in their susceptibility to two-stage skin carcinogenesis using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as the initiating carcinogen and croton oil as promoter. This study has been undertaken in order to clarify the basis of the strain differences. LACA mice were used as the susceptible strain and BALB/c mice as the resistant strain. DMBA was a more effective complete carcinogen in LACA mice than in BALB/c mice. However, dose-response studies with respect to DMBA in the two strains in two-stage carcinogenesis suggested that metabolic activation of DMBA to the active carcinogen was not limiting in the resistant strain. The observed strain differences in response to DMBA in one and two stage carcinogenesis may reflect the ability of DMBA to also act as a promoter in the two strains. The possibility that the strains vary in their ability to repair damaged DNA has, however, not been eliminated. Unlike polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens such as DMBA, phorbol ester promoters (the active components in croton oil) do not appear to require metabolic activation. However, they are degraded and inactivated by epidermal and other cells. Experiments in which the dose and frequency of application of croton oil were increased, and the unrelated promoter anthralin was substituted for croton oil, failed to produce any evidence that differences in promoter degradation contributed to the differences in susceptibility between strains.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1981

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in South Australia: the main features.

New cases of primary cutaneous melanoma occurring in South Australia in a period of 12 months were studied. The main clinical and pathological features are reported. The incidence is high, but is much less than that reported in Queensland in 1977. Some differences from the Queensland study, concerning the age, sex and site distribution, have been noted, but generally these features are quite comparable. All major pathological types of malignant melanoma occur in South Australia, with a marked preponderance of the superficial spreading type. On the basis of level of invasion and thickness, more than half of the tumours have a good prognosis. The most common reason for excision of melanomas was the observation of a change in the lesion, but some were excised after incidental recognition by a medical practitioner during medical examination for other reasons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immunofluorescent detection of hormone receptors in cutaneous melanocytic tumours.

Immunofluorescent assessment of hormone receptors in melanocytic tumours is quite feasible without loss of diagnostic material, in contrast to the impracticability of quantitative biochemical assays. Using this method, oestrogen receptors were demonstrated in 4/6, and progesterone receptors in 3/5 patients with metastatic melanoma. Receptors were not found in 3 patients with primary cutaneous melanomas of the superficial spreading type. Progesterone receptors were present in the junctional component of a naevus from one healthy person.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dietary vitamin E on dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors in mice.

This study investigates the effect of variations in dietary vitamin E on the incidence of dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors in mice. Two groups of 65 LACA mice were given 28 weekly s.c. injections of dimethylhydrazine. The only difference in the management of the two groups was the dietary content of vitamin E; one group received 10 mg/kg, and the other group received 600 mg/kg. Of these two groups, 42 and 51 mice, respectively, survived, and there were significantly more adenomas, more adenomas with pleomorphic cytology, and more invasive carcinomas in the group receiving a low vitamin E supplement to their diet. It is suggested that vitamin E may have some part to play in the multifactorial effect of diet on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Animals↗