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Biomedical subjects

M G Fitzgerald

Publications and source records attributed to M G Fitzgerald.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Continuous culture of human/mouse lymphoid hybridomas: pattern of immunoglobulin secretion.

Fusion of human and mouse cells leads to preferential loss of human chromosomes. In this study the loss of human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain production by human/mouse lymphoid hybridomas has been followed longitudinally. A sensitive quantitative ELISA method has been used for measuring human immunoglobulins. The pattern of loss of heavy and light chain production suggests that the genes for human heavy and light chains are on separate chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Low-dose insulin treatment of hyperosmolar diabetic coma.

The effect of low-dose hourly i.m. injections of insulin has been studied in the treatment of 17 episodes of hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic diabetic coma compared with 26 episode of hyperosmolar ketoacidosis occurring in patients over 40 years of age. The fall in blood sugar was satisfactory in the majority of episodes of both types of coma and there was no evidence that patients with hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic coma were more sensitive to insulin. The excess mortality in the non-ketotic group (47%) compared with the ketoacidotic group (16%) was not due to uncontrolled diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Very pure porcine insulin in clinical practice.

In a one-year follow-up study the insulin dose in diabetic patients using very pure porcine insulin was compared with that in patients using conventional preparations. The dose of insulin used to obtain diabetic control was reduced by 7% in 108 patients treated solely with very pure porcine insulin from the start of insulin treatment when compared with 108 matched patients who had received conventional insulins. In 117 patients whose treatment had been changed from conventional bovine or bovine-porcine insulin to very pure porcine insulin the dose was reduced by 9%. A further 511 patients receiving conventional insulins were examined for local cutaneous or subcutaneous abnormalities at insulin injection sites. Lipoatrophy was found in 49 of these patients (10%), but not in patients using very pure porcine insulin. The results confirm that very pure porcine insulin reduces the insulin dose needed to maintain diabetic control and may resolve or prevent local reactions such as lipoatrophy. Long-term advantages in reduced antigenicity to insulin and contaminating peptides remain to be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of maintenance dialysis on lymphocyte function. II. Peritoneal dialysis.

Lymphocyte function, as assessed by PHA-stimulated DNA synthesis, was studied in chronic renal failure patients maintained by peritoneal dialysis. In contrast to patients on haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis patients had normal lymphocyte responsiveness pre-dialysis. There was no deterioration in the post-peritoneal dialysis plasma's ability to support control lymphocyte responsiveness as occurred after haemodialysis. Plasma dilution and reconstitution studies indicated that haemodialysis depleted the patients' plasma of nutrients and also added toxins, but peritoneal dialysis had neither effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of maintenance dialysis on lymphocyte function. I. Haemodialysis.

The effect of haemodialysis on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte DNA synthesis was determined in twenty-four uraemic patients. Lymphocytes pre-haemodialysis were significantly less responsive to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) than were control lymphocytes and showed the same degree of impairment as uraemic lymphocytes. Intrinsic lymphocyte responsiveness improved immediately after each haemodialysis. Pre-haemodialysis plasma inhibited control lymphocyte responsiveness and this inhibition was even greater in post-haemodialysis plasma. This effect of haemodialysis on plasma lasted for 4--8 hr. Similar alterations of response were noted, despite the use of different dialysers and also when two other mitogens were substituted for PHA. This deleterious effect of haemodialysis on lymphocyte function is important for its possible immune consequences, and may indicate a deficiency in current haemodialysis technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Plasma inhibitors of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in children with recurrent infections.

A survey of the immunological status of 175 children with recurrent infections showed that the plasmas of fifteen patients contained an inhibitor of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The inhibitors could be subdivided into two groups. One type of inhibitor acted only on the patients' lymphocytes (autologous-only). The other type also inhibited the response of control lymphocytes to PHA and in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (homologous). Plasma inhibitors of both types inhibit the response of rabbit lymphocytes to PHA. Patients with a plasma inhibitor frequently have a raised resting lymphocyte DNA synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immune and phagocytic function in patients on maintenance dialysis and post-transplantation.

Immune, phagocytic and opsonic function was assessed in stabilized hemodialysis patients and compared with patients on maintenance immunosuppression following successful renal transplantation. Dialysis patients had a lymphopenia and a qualitative defect in lymphocyte function but opsonic and neutrophil metabolic function was normal. Post-transplant patients had normal intrinsic lymphocyte function but overall immunosuppression due to lymphopenia, selective T cell depletion, and drug inhibition. Neutrophil metabolic function was normal though there was a defect in opsonization.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

Studies in whole body potassium and whole body nitrogen in newly diagnosed diabetics.

Serial measurements of whole body potassium and whole body nitrogen were carried out in 18 newly diagnosed diabetcs. Initial measurements were made before treatment of diabetes was commenced, and further measurements were carried out following the start of treatment. Six patients required insulin and the remainder were treated either with diet alone (four cases) or with diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Significant increases in whole body potassium and whole body nitrogen were noted following control of diabetes.Thesees. These changes were most marked in the patients treated with insulin. The techniques used for measurement of body potassium and nitrogen offer considerable advantages over conventional metabolic balance studies and the results indicate that the losses of potassium and nitrogen during period of poor diabetic control are much greater than that has been realized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Association of foot lesions with retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.

A proportion of newly diagnosed diabetic patients have features so characteristic that they form a distinct syndrome. The patients are predominantly male and present with a foot lesion which is often long established. They are subsequently found to have diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. In addition, many of them manifest a striking indifference towards their illness. 47 such patients have been seen between the years 1960-1969 at a diabetic clinic in Birmingham which saw a total of 6451 newly diagnosed patients in the same period. 26 of the 45 patients in whom follow-up was complete have died. The present state of health of the 19 surviving patients indicated that the prognosis is poor for patients who have retinopathy and foot lesions when diabetes is diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Myocardial infarction in diabetics.

The hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarction amongst 285 known diabetics treated in the last decade was 39.7 per cent at one month and had increased to 51 per cent at 12 months. Treatment in a coronary care unit during the acute stage had little effect on the mortality amongst patients on insulin, but was beneficial for patients whose diabetes had been controlled by oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Female patients on oral hypoglycaemic drugs had the highest mortality. When considering age, duration of diabetes and presence of retinopathy, acute myocardial infarction in diabetics controlled on oral therapy appeared to have a worse outcome than in patients on insulin. Independently of whether patients were on insulin or on oral hypoglycaemic drugs 12 months after the acute episode, only about half of them were still alive.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1974

Studies on whole-body potassium in non-ketoacidotic diabetics before and after treatment.

Serial measurements of whole-body potassium were carried out in 28 diabetic patients, in 23 of whom diabetes had only recently been diagnosed. Eleven patients were treated with insulin, 12 with oral hypoglycaemic agents, and the rest were already on oral hypoglycaemic agents and had developed poor diabetic control; four of these required insulin. Whole-body potassium was measured before treatment was begun (or altered) and again one and six weeks later. Whole-body potassium (ratio of observed to expected) was initially reduced in most of the patients requiring insulin. After control of diabetes whole-body potassium increased significantly in the three groups. The increase in whole-body potassium in the individual patients varied over a wide range, and in patients who were treated with insulin it was often of a similar magnitude to that observed in patients in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Adolescent↗