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Biomedical subjects

M G Gentile

Publications and source records attributed to M G Gentile.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status in chronic renal insufficiency.

The restricted diets of patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) can lead to inadequate intake of some vitamins. We studied thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine nutritional status of CRI subjects on unrestricted or low-protein diet. Results show that riboflavin status is inadequate even before the beginning of the follow up and worsens with time for both groups, while thiamin and pyridoxine status becomes inadequate in some patients after a long period on the low-protein diet. Water-soluble vitamin supplements could improve the nutritional status of CRI patients on protein-restricted diet.

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal teicoplanin in patients with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The pharmacokinetic profile of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic active against Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, is described in five patients with end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A single 3 mg kg-1 dose was given intraperitoneally in the dialysate during a 6 h dwell time. The drug appeared in the plasma within 15 min at 1.00-0.28 mg l-1 (mean +/- s.d. = 0.70 +/- 0.45) in all five subjects, and peak serum concentrations ranged from 5.53 to 2.80 mg l-1 (4.84 +/- 1.43) at 6 h. Approximately 70% (71 +/- 12) of teicoplanin was absorbed from the peritoneal dialysis fluid during a single 6 h dwell time. The rate constant for peritoneal transfer (lambda d) averaged 0.318 h-1 and the half-life (t1/2 lambda d) was 2.18 h. Further values were serum elimination half-life 114-173 h; total body clearance 263-532 ml h-1; steady-state volume of distribution 68-93 l. This drug profile closely agrees with data reported after intravenous injection in patients on CAPD and suggests that teicoplanin has bidirectional exchange characteristics through the peritoneal membrane, although transfer from the systemic circulation to peritoneal fluid is consistently low. Instillation of teicoplanin in CAPD fluid may be a useful route of administration for treatment of peritonitis and exit site infections in CAPD patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Vitamin nutrition in patients with chronic renal failure and dietary manipulation.

(1) Vitamin abnormalities in patients with CRF are frequent and appear early even with mild renal failure; (2) early supplementation with water-soluble vitamins should be given to patients on low-protein diets--the amount of the supplementation, however, remains to be determined; (3) fat-soluble vitamin supplements (A and E) should be avoided and their dietary intake limited, and (4) it is obvious that vitamin nutrition in patients with CRF requires further investigation.

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Renal function in IgA nephropathy with established renal failure.

This article discusses the feasibility of fitting a straight line to the reciprocal serum creatinine (1/SCr) values obtained from 32 patients with IgA mesangial nephropathy and established renal insufficiency. Three models were tested for fit: linear, logarithmic and quadratic. The decline of renal function, once renal failure has been established, is neither constant nor regular in all patients with this fairly well-diagnosed glomerular disease. Therefore we cannot rely on simple mathematical models to compare sequences of serum creatinine values or to forecast decline in renal function in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Long-term results of CAPD in Italy: a report from the Italian CAPD Study Group.

Begun in 1979, the Italian CAPD Study Group monitored prospectively six years of CAPD experience (1980-1985) in 24 centers with 1107 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (age 56.4 +/- 13.7 years). Compiled yearly, the clinical and therapeutical data were processed on a PDP 11-32 computer, according to UCLA BMPD-1L procedure. The survival rate was conditioned by age (more than 70) and by major clinical risk factors, with a large fraction of the deaths due to cardiovascular causes (40.6%) and cachexia (17.8%). The progressive reduction of peritonitis incidence (1/18.5 episodes/patient-month globally reached at the end of 1985) was due mainly to the wide spread adoption of the "Y" connection set (76% for 1985) and contributed to a decrease in drop-outs to 7.5% of 676 patients on CAPD during 1985.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Teicoplanin pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic renal failure.

The pharmacokinetic profile of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic active against Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, was studied in 5 healthy male volunteers and 29 adult patients with various degrees of renal impairment, given a single 3 mg/kg intravenous dose. Teicoplanin was assayed in plasma and urine specimens by a microbiological method. Pharmacokinetic parameters for teicoplanin were estimated both by a 3-compartment open pharmacokinetic model and by non-compartmental analysis. Elimination half-life increased with the decrease in creatinine clearance and mean values ranged from 41 hours in volunteers to 163 hours in anuric patients. Renal failure did not affect either the volume of distribution of the central compartment (mean approximately 0.09 L/kg) or the steady-state volume of distribution (mean approximately 0.9 L/kg). Both total and renal clearance decreased with severity of disease, particularly the latter, while non-renal clearance was unaffected by renal failure. Average values were from 19 to 6 ml/min for total clearance and from 12 to 0.4 ml/min for renal clearance. There was a linear correlation between the total clearance of teicoplanin and creatinine clearance, as well as between renal clearance and creatinine clearance. The total urinary excretion of active teicoplanin averaged 65% of the administered dose in normal subjects, but was significantly reduced in the presence of renal insufficiency. Guidelines for administration of teicoplanin in patients with renal failure are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic active against Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, in five patients with end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Although teicoplanin was eliminated in the peritoneal fluid, relatively little was recovered (6.8 +/- 1.2% of the given dose). The following values were obtained: elimination half-time 102-347 h; total body clearance 4.16-7.38 ml X h-1 X kg-1, peritoneal clearance 0.31-0.37 ml X h-1 X kg-1. Because the elimination of teicoplanin is about four times less in patients undergoing CAPD compared with subjects with normal renal function, the dose of teicoplanin should be reduced appropriately in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A new end-to-end anastomosis formed without sutures for haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas.

Carrying out vascular sutures is often a serious trouble during the surgical preparation of arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis. A new technique is suggested to perform an end-to-end anastomosis by inserting the artery 5-6 mm into the vein and then cementing the vessels by means of a cyanoacrilic tissue adhesive. The duration of the surgical procedure is reduced to half and this technique is much more simple than the usual ones. In 6 patients thus treated no troubles could be found either immediately or afterwards.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗