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Biomedical subjects

M G Hammond

Publications and source records attributed to M G Hammond.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of laparoscopic ablation or danocrine on pregnancy rates in patients with stage I or II endometriosis undergoing donor insemination.

The effect of treatment on stages I and II endometriosis was evaluated in 61 women with laparoscopically proven disease who were undergoing therapeutic donor insemination. Only treatment cycles completed after diagnostic laparoscopy were used for analysis. To evaluate fecundity, we performed life-table analysis on 343 treatment cycles of therapeutic donor insemination in 67 patients with stage I or II endometriosis and compared it with 212 cycles in 43 patients with no female infertility factors. Average monthly fecundity and cumulative conception rates over six cycles were calculated for each group. A significant difference was found when patients with laparoscopically proven normal anatomy were compared with those with endometriosis (P = .002). The fecundity did not differ significantly between stage I and stage II endometriosis (P greater than .05). Neither ablation during laparoscopy nor medical treatment with danocrine improved the fecundity of patients with early-stage endometriosis (P greater than .05).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Abnormal findings on hysterosalpingography: effects on fecundity in a donor insemination program using frozen semen.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the effect of abnormal baseline hysterosalpingography (HSG) on subsequent fecundity during the first six cycles of treatment. METHODS: Hysterosalpingography was performed on 208 asymptomatic ovulatory women with no history of pelvic disease who were referred for donor insemination. The findings were categorized into five groups: 1) normal study, 2) uterine anomaly or filling defect with bilateral tubal patency, 3) normal uterine anatomy with unilateral tubal patency, 4) normal uterine anatomy with bilateral tubal blockage, and 5) normal uterine anatomy with hydrosalpinx. Subjects in groups 4 and 5 received inseminations only if patency of at least one fallopian tube was demonstrated with laparoscopy. Life-table analysis was performed to calculate the average monthly fecundity and cumulative conception rates for each group. The Mantel-Haenszel test was used to compare group fecundities. RESULTS: A total of 1460 donor insemination cycles were performed. The number of cycles in each group were as follows: group 1, 1173 (80%); group 2, 153 (10%); group 3, 90 (6.2%); group 4, 16 (1.1%); and group 5, 28 (1.9%). None of the patients in group 4 or 5 conceived. The cumulative conception rates in the first three groups were 46, 34, and 40%, respectively, and were not significantly different from one another (P greater than .05). Although a high incidence of uterine filling defects and unilateral tubal blockage was observed (19.2%), the incidence of an abnormal HSG finding that significantly decreased fecundity was only 2.8%. CONCLUSION: In women with no history of tubal or uterine disease, routine HSG before initiation of donor insemination is of limited value for identifying decreased treatment fecundity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fertility rates in men with normal semen characteristics: spermatozoal testing by induction of the acrosome reaction and Wright-Giemsa staining for subtle abnormal forms.

Little is known about the fertility potential of semen from men who fulfill the accepted criteria of normal semen quality. We examined retrospectively the fertility rates of semen donors with normal semen quality. Donor performance was evaluated in women who had no known infertility factors or had only ovulatory dysfunction corrected by clomiphene. Cycles of therapeutic donor insemination were monitored for ovulation, and pregnancy outcome was followed up. Pregnancy resulted from therapeutic donor insemination with 21 donors and did not result in pregnancy with five (the range of the percentage of cycles in which pregnancy occurred was zero to 31). The comparison of donor semen analysis characteristics with pregnancy rates indicated that the total number of motile spermatozoa per ejaculate correlated with pregnancy rate (P = .04). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that when the value for percentage of abnormal forms was combined with the total number of motile spermatozoa, a significant negative association was found between abnormal forms and conception (P = .04). Experiments comparing semen from high-fertility donors (top quartile of pregnancy rate) and low-fertility donors (lowest quartile) demonstrated a greater proportion of spermatozoa with inducible acrosome reactions in the high-fertility group (P less than .05). A Wright-Giemsa stain used to detect subtle abnormal forms in spermatozoa did not discriminate between the groups. These data suggest that differences in fertility potential exist among donors, even though all may exceed the accepted criteria for normal semen quality. Differences in the ability of spermatozoa to capacitate or undergo the acrosome reaction may be a mechanism for diminished fertility in donors with normal semen characteristics.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1991

The effect of age on female fecundity.

To determine the relationship between age and female fecundity, 210 women were studied prospectively. The subjects had negative infertility evaluations and were receiving therapeutic donor insemination. Life-table analysis was performed on 751 donor insemination cycles. For comparison, patients were divided into five separate age groups and into two separate groups, ages 19-34 and 35-45. Monthly fecundity and cumulative conception rates were calculated for each group. A significant difference was found when all age groups were compared (P = .05) and when those at or above age 35 and those below age 35 were compared (P less than .05). Frozen semen was used in 92% of all cycles. The average monthly fecundity of all patients treated with frozen semen was 16%. This study confirms a progressive decline in fecundity with age in a completely evaluated group of women undergoing therapeutic donor insemination and demonstrates that frozen semen can yield acceptable fecundity provided sufficient numbers of motile sperm are used for each procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

HLA class I and II antigens in South African blacks with Graves' disease.

A study was done to evaluate the relationship between Graves' disease and the HLA system in South African Blacks of Zulu descent. One hundred and three patients with Graves' disease and 1416 control subjects were typed for HLA A, B, and C antigens while HLA DR antigens were done on 63 of the former and 330 of the latter. There was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA DR3 in patients compared to control subjects (57.1% vs 36.1%; P corrected = 0.014). A relationship was also seen at the DR1 locus (14.3% vs 4.6%; P corrected = 0.023).

Black People↗
PubMed1989

HLA associations with rheumatoid arthritis in African blacks.

The HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens were determined in a group of 100 blacks with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Durban, South Africa. Fifty-six of these patients were also tested for the DQ antigens. There was a significant association of HLA-DR4 with RA (chi 2 = 77.2; p less than 0.0001). The frequency of DR4 in RA was 44% in comparison with 10% in controls (relative risk 7.4). An unusual finding was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-B8 in 35% of patients with RA compared to 12.5% of controls (p less than 0.001; relative risk 3.8). There was no linkage disequilibrium between DR4 and B8 to explain the latter association.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of therapy on infertile couples with antisperm antibodies.

One hundred seventy-eight couples with positive antisperm antibody titers in serum and genital secretions were offered treatment with prednisone. Of 60 couples who received prednisone only, 43% conceived. Of 25 who had no therapy, 48% conceived. Fifty-four patients treated with prednisone received additional therapy and 31% conceived. Ten of 39 patients not treated with prednisone but receiving other therapies conceived. Cytotoxic antibodies were reduced in 30% to 42% of serum samples and in 24% to 33% of genital secretion samples. In those couples with decreased cytotoxic antibodies pregnancy rates were 40% to 60% compared with 0% to 23% in those with decreased hemagglutinating antibody titers. Our data suggest that prednisone did not improve overall pregnancy rates; pregnancy rates were comparable in both groups treated with other therapies; donor insemination was the most successful of the alternative therapies; reduction of cytotoxic antibody titers after prednisone treatment was associated with increased pregnancy rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lower doses of human menopausal gonadotropin are associated with improved success with in vitro fertilization in women with low body weight.

Since previous data suggested hyperresponsiveness to human menopausal gonadotropin by women with low body weight, the daily dose was reduced to 1.5 ampules in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization weighing less than 55 kg. This allowed the extension of treatment to a minimum of 6 days. These changes were associated with improved results in in vitro fertilization in these women.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1988

Surgical correction of external genitalia and lower genitourinary tract of markedly virilized child.

Three children who were seen with marked androgenization, including clitoromegaly, labial fusion, and absent vaginal introitus are presented. In each, the vagina was found to be entering at the level of the posterior urethra. Vaginoplasty was performed in each child utilizing a transperineal "pull through" technique. Reduction clitoroplasty was performed in 1 patient. The advantages and optimal timing of these techniques are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

HLA class I and II antigens in South African Indians with NIDDM.

The relationship between the HLA system and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in South African Indians, a migrant Indian group, was evaluated by testing HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens in 184 patients and 1444 control subjects and HLA-DR antigens in 104 patients and 330 control subjects. There was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-Bw61 in patients compared with control subjects (27.7 vs. 18%, P = .00155), although the degree of association was not very strong (relative risk 1.7). A similar association has been noted in Fiji Indians, another migrant Indian group. However, no relationship could be established at the DR locus. It is suggested that the relatively high frequency of the Bw61 allele in South African Indians could, in the presence of some environmental factor like obesity, confer increased susceptibility to NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diurnal variations in midluteal serum progesterone measurements.

The utility of a single midluteal phase progesterone (P) value has been questioned by studies that document pulsatile P secretion. In this study, fluctuations of P values during clinical sampling times were investigated. Significant differences were found between morning and afternoon mean P values and in the timed occurrence of clinically relevant P values. Despite reported pulsatile secretion, the impact of clinically significant fluctuations may be minimized by the use of timed sampling.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Semen parameters and fertilization of human oocytes in vitro: a multivariable analysis.

Semen parameters in 195 couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were studied using multivariable analysis. Semen parameters that correlated most closely with reduced ability to fertilize apparently mature oocytes were a slow rate of foreward progression of sperm and the presence of excess numbers of white cells in semen. In men with semen parameters within the normal range, the hamster egg penetration assay (HEPA) test did not add additional predictive power. In men with suspected semen abnormalities, however, a low attachment rating added some, but minimal, predictive value. None of the predictive methods reported thus far in this or other studies offers sufficient accuracy to reliably identify the men who will prove infertile for in vitro fertilization treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Histocompatibility antigens in Indian patients with myocardial infarction.

The frequency of HLA-A, B, C and DR tissue antigens in 103 Indian men aged 40 years or under who had experienced a myocardial infarction was compared with the frequency in 760 healthy Indian controls. No significant differences in antigen frequencies were found. The findings in this study provide no support for either a genetic or an immunological basis for myocardial infarction in young Indian men.

Adult↗