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Biomedical subjects

M G Ochsner

Publications and source records attributed to M G Ochsner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acute urinary retention: causes and treatment.

Acute urinary retention often is secondary to obstruction of the bladder or distal genitourinary system, which may be induced by any of a number of medical or surgical conditions. Treatment varies according to the cause.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Contrasting effects of vasodilators on oxygen tension and membrane potential of canine gastric surface epithelium.

Our purpose was to study the effects of three related vasoactive drugs on gastric epithelial oxygenation and metabolism. By means of an ultramicroelectrode technique, oxygen tension and transmembrane potential difference of surface epithelium were determined in an in vivo canine gastric chamber model. Intra-arterial papaverine (30 micrograms kg-1 min-1) caused a significant depression of epithelial PO2 and potential difference (PD), a transient inhibition of total gastric oxygen consumption, and a 70% increase in total gastric blood flow. Following cessation of the papaverine infusion, epithelial PO2 and PD continued to decline, whereas gastric blood flow and oxygen consumption return to baseline. Isoproterenol (0.0125 microgram kg-1 min-1), on the other hand, had no significant effect on epithelial PO2 and PD although it increased total gastric blood flow 33%. Dopamine (0.1 microgram kg-1 min-1) had no significant hemodynamic effects. To test the importance of papaverine-induced epithelial hypoxia, hydrochloric acid (160 mM) and sodium taurocholate (3 mM) were added to the epithelial bathing solution during intra-arterial infusion of either papaverine or isoproterenol. Necrosis and ulceration of the gastric mucosa were seen with the infusion of papaverine but not with the infusion of isoproterenol. Our results indicate that papaverine increases total gastric blood flow at the expense of nutrient blood flow to surface epithelium. We conclude that nutrient blood flow to surface epithelium is critical to the ability of the gastric mucosa to resist injury by luminal acid and bile. Furthermore, papaverine should not be used clinically to enhanced gastric blood flow because it is potentially injurious to the mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Priapism: review of simple surgical procedure.

For the surgical treatment of priapism we have created a percutaneous fistula between the glans penis and the corpus cavernosum with good results. This is our preferred method of management for all patients except those undergoing sickle cell crisis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Partial cystectomy in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Between 1950 and 1974, 35 men and 10 women underwent partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Indications, contraindications and the principles of technique for partial cystectomy as therapy for transitional cell tumors of the bladder are discussed. All patients were evaluated postoperatively, with cystoscopic examination every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 3 years and then at yearly intervals if no tumors had been detected. None of the patients received preoperative irradiation. Eight ureters were re-implanted and 6 prostate glands were enucleated at the time of partial cystectomy. There was 1 death in the immediate postoperative period. Complications developed in 13 patients, 3 of which were considered major. When recurrences were noted appropriate therapy was performed as indicated. Irradiation was the most commonly used method to treat distant metastases. The over-all 5-year survival rate is 57.7% (26 patients). Thirty-four patients were followed for 10 years. The survival rate for this group of patients was 32.4% (11 patients). The results of this study correlate well with other published reports.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder as seen at Ochsner Medical Institutions.

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is an uncommon malignancy comprising less than 2% of all bladder tumors. Eleven cases of adenocarcinoma of the bladder were seen from 1947 to 1977 at the Ochsner Medical Institutions. Six of the tumors were urachal in origin, and five involved the base and lateral walls of the bladder. Six patients were treated with total cystectomy, four with segmental cystectomy, and one with radiation therapy only. The average survival time for the patients with urachal adenocarcinoma was 2.8 years and for those with vesical adenocarcinoma, 2.4 years. Although segmental cystectomy is recommended by some, the authors recommend radical cystectomy for all patients with adenocarcinoma of the bladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Congenital giant hydronephrosis in adults.

Giant hydronephrosis is the term designating the presence of more than 1,000 ml. of fluid in the collecting system. Of 4 cases of congenital hydronephrosis found over a three-year period at the Ochsner Medical Institutions, 2 were associated with unsuspected carcinomas. Hydronephrosis may first be detected as a mass palpable in the abdomen and displacing the intestines on gastrointestinal films. Excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, and angiography confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Partial cystectomy in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Between 1950 and 1974, 35 men and 10 women underwent partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Indications, contraindications and the principles of technique for partial cystectomy as therapy for transitional cell tumors of the bladder are discussed. All patients were evaluated postoperatively, with cystoscopic examination every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 3 years and then at yearly intervals if no tumors had been detected. None of the patients received preoperative irradiation. Eight ureters were re-implanted and 6 prostate glands were enucleated at the time of partial cystectomy. There was 1 death in the immediate postoperative period. Complications developed in 12 patients, in 3 of whom they were considered major. When recurrences were noted appropriate therapy was performed as indicated. Irradiation was the most commonly used method to treat distant metastases. The over-all 5-year survival rate is 57.7 per cent (26 patients). Thirty-four patients were followed for 10 years. The survival rate for this group of patients was 32.4 per cent (11 patients). The results of this study correlate well with other published reports.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Free full thickness skin graft urethroplasty for urethral stricture: experience with 66 patients.

The free, full thickness skin graft urethroplasty, which has been used successfully for 20 years, was first adopted for anterior urethral strictures at our hospital in 1969. Presently, 66 cases of urethral stricture have been treated, 5 of them for posterior urethral strictures. The free, full thickness tube graft technique is discussed and 3 cases are reported. Of the 66 cases 54 (84 per cent) had good results. When indicated this procedure is advocated with considerable enthusiasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Medical therapy in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Except for its linkage with the ergot derivatives retroperitoneal fibrosis is a disease of unknown etiology. Two cases in which the traditional surgical approach was used but with the subsequent use of steroids are presented. The third patient was treated with steroids alone. The use of steroids alone is suggested for a limited number of poor risk patients when certain criteria are met.

Aged↗