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Biomedical subjects

M G Sall

Publications and source records attributed to M G Sall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Assessment of management training for low-level community health workers providing care for children with acute respiratory infections in four districts of Senegal].

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of death in childhood and most child deaths in Senegal occur at home without qualified health care. Despite this situation, only qualified healthcare workers are authorized to prescribe antibiotics. A competency-based training program was developed to improve and assess management of acute respiratory infections in young children aged between 2 and 59 months by low-level educated community health workers (CHWs) in four districts of Senegal. METHODS: In accordance with the strategy developed by the World Health Organisation, educated low-level community health workers in four district of Senegal were given a three-day course on the management of acute respiratory failure. We assessed the effects of the course by comparing pre-training and post-training skills with the Students t test. RESULTS: The results showed that the educated low-level community health workers were capable of acquiring the skills needed to effectively manage children with acute respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: Further evaluation is needed to determine the mid- and long-term effects of the course and supervised post-training activities.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Neonatal mortality associated with transfer of low birth weight newborns. Assessment of a neonatal care unit of Dakar].

The aim of this study is to assess mortality rate of low birth weight newborns admitted to a neonatal care unit of Dakar after transfer. This retrospective study include all newborns weighing less than 2500 g transferred to Abass Ndao neonatal care unit between January 1st,1998 and December 31, 1999. Maternal, newborns and transfer related parameters were studied. Data of 180 new-borns were recorded from a sample of 247 babies transferred. The mean weight of these babies were 1452.5 +/- 432 g. An ambulance was used for transport in only 10% of cases. The median time of admission after birth was 3 hours. Median delay of admission and methods of transfer, maternal age and parity, apgar score at 1st and 5th minute were comparable between the newborns deceased and survivors (p > 0.05). To reduce mortality associated with newborns transfer, we insist on a better organisation of neonatal transport in under developed countries by promoting obstetricians and paediatricians collaboration and prevention of low birth weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Major thrombocytosis associated with severe anemia in children. Diagnosis of 9 cases].

Major thrombocytosis associated with severe anemia is uncommon in pediatrics. We report 9 consecutive cases observed in Albert Royer Children Hospital of Dakar. They were 7 boys and 2 girls 4 to 15 years old (mean age = 10 years). Six patients had a history of geophagia and 3 presented recent emission of worms by the stools. Anemia was clinically well tolerated in all cases. In initial blood count platelet levels varied from 800 10(3) to 1180 10(3)/mm3 (mean = 1032 10(3)/mm3), while hemoglobin level varied from 3.4 to 7.4 g/dl (mean = 4.9 g/dl). Anemia was microcytic, hypochromic and associated with low serum iron level in all patients. We considered the diagnosis of reactive thrombocytosis induced by iron deficient anemia in all cases. Platelet count and red cell indices were progressively normalised with iron treatment and no complication of thrombocytosis was observed. Considering published data, iron deficiency is one of the most frequent causes of reactive thrombocytosis in children. The physiopathologic mechanism, still unknown, could involve cytokines of thrombopoiesis. Reactive thrombocytosis induced by iron deficiency or other factors have usually a benign course and need no specific treatment other than that of the etiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Hemolytic uremic syndrome: a complication of acute gastroenteritis in children].

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an nonexceptional complication of infectious gastroenteritis. No one has already been reported in Senegalese publications. We made a retrospective study of the record of 7 patients with HUS among 256 cases of children with bloody diarrhea presenting to the pediatric unit of Aristide Le Dantec between august 1998 and july 1999. The mean age of the children was 33,14+/-25 months and the weight was -2,29 DS. The diagnosis is supported by the findings of an acute renal failure with urea at 1,28+/-0,51g/ l and creatinine at 41,46+/-25,48mg/l. An hemolytic anemia was constant, the blood film revealed schizocytes. We found a thrombocytemia only in two cases. A hight white blood cell count (more than 50000/mm3) was noted in for cases. Only one child made a good recovery. We insist on preventing gastroenteritis and aggressive and adapted management of the HUS.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Congenital rubella: a case report].

Rubella is an innocuous illness in adult unless it is contracted by a pregnant woman. We recently observed a case of congenital rubella in the department of neonatology of Abass Ndao hospital in Dakar. It's a female new-born, born after 40 week gestation, with a well followed pregnancy. The first clinical examination shows a severe intrauterine growth retardation and bilateral comeal opacity. Maternal and new-born serologic confirmation is obtained with positive rubella specific IgM and IgG. We also find severe ocular pathology, hearing deficit and associated cardiac disease. This case shows the needs for preventive strategies, such as vaccination against rubella for women of child bearing age.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Protein-energy malnutrition in children less than five years old in a rural zone in Senegal (Khombole)].

A survey on 400 children less than five years old living in three villages of the sanitary district of Khombole has been realized from 17th to 25th April 1997 in order to evaluate the existence of malnutrition and the hazard factor linked to it. All children have been weighed and measured. The paraclinic assessment made up by a rate of haemoglobin and a parasitical test of the, motions have been realized on 275 children. The emaciation concerns 8% of the children and the statural backwardness 34.7% of them. The malnutrition is variable from one village to another. The percentage of children suffering from a severe malnutrition according to the classification of Gomez concerns 4.5%. Geophagy, intestinal parasitosis, and anaemia are closely related to chronic malnutrition. The results show the existence of a precarious nutritional situation in rural area requiring new policies of struggle against malnutrition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Assessment of the level of urinary iodine deficiency in children of Senegalese central regions].

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are a major public health problem in Senegal, where strategies of salt iodization were adopted in the southern and eastern regions. The aim of this study led in four districts (Koungheul, Bambey, Mekhe and Kebemer), was to estimate by a questionnaire, the women knowleges, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning IDD, and to measure children urinary iodine excretion by the Sandell-Kolthoff method to assess a potential deficiency. Six hundred ninety eight households were selected covering 1336 women (age 15 to 49 years) and 400 children (age 6 to 12 years). Sixty three per cent of the women knew the goiter, 89% of them considered that it was a disease and only 0.6% knew the role of iodized salt in the treatment. On the other hand, 20% of the children presented a normal range of urinary iodine excretion superior to 100 microg/l, the deficiency was light (50 to 100 microg/l) in 38% of the children, moderate (25 to 50 microg/l) in 27% and severe (< 25 microg/l) in 15% of them. These results show that other Senegalese regions are concerned by iodine deficiency disorders and need information, education and iodine supplementation programmes, notably for children and young women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Serum osteocalcin regulation in protein-energy malnourished children.

To evaluate bone turnover changes occurring during protein-energy malnutrition, serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, has been studied in healthy control, stunted, and severely malnourished (kwashiorkor and marasmus) Senegalese children. Serum osteocalcin levels were dramatically reduced in stunted, kwashiorkor, and marasmic children compared with control children. In addition serum osteocalcin levels of control children living in Senegal were lower (-46%) than those of African children living in France. Interestingly, serum osteocalcin level was not related to its major known regulators (1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and PTH) nor to stunting, but was related to serum transthyretin and thyroid hormones concentrations. These data suggest that serum osteocalcin level is related to protein-energy status and that bone formation was affected in apparently healthy and in malnourished Senegalese children. Serum osteocalcin could be a potent tool in the study of the alterations of bone formation in malnutrition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

[Low birth weight: rate and risk factors in the Guédianwaye district (suburb of Dakar, Senegal)].

The authors report the results of a six months survey about the low weight of birth (L.W.B.) in the district of Guédiawaye, suburb of Dakar. The purpose is to determine the rate of L.W.B. in two main maternity hospitals of that locality and the associated risk factors. It is a survey with a control group. This survey results in a 10.7% rate, according to the data of another retrospective survey in the same maternity hospitals in 1992 (10.03%). The risk factors are mainly: celibacy, primiparity, an associated pathology with the pregnancy, the physical strain of mothers correlated to the income and to the previous L.W.B.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of refeeding on serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) concentrations in children with severe protein-energy malnutrition].

BACKGROUND: Published studies on the serum immunoglobulin concentrations of patients with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) have been contradictory. This report describes such a study in 21 Senegalese children. POPULATION AND METHODS: Twenty one Senegalese infants (mean age: 19 +/- 2 months) with severe PEM were included in the study. Their weight was less than 32% of the normal range-for-height and all had sparse, thin hair and dyspigmentation of the skin. They were all suffering from hypoproteinemia (less than 70% of normal) and hypoalbuminemia (less that 61% of normal). The presence or absence of edema, loss of subcutaneous fat and mental changes were used to classify them into three groups. 1) kwashiorkor: eight infants; 2) marasmus: eight infants; 3) kwashiorkor plus marasmus: five infants. The control group comprised 27 infants living in the same area and having the same dietary habits as the 21 sick infants. The 21 infants with malnutrition were refed for 3 weeks with a diet supplying 100-150 Kcal/kg/d and 5-8 g/kg/d protein. The plasma concentration of proteins, prealbumin and immunoglobulins was measured on days 0, 8, 15 and 21. RESULTS: The only significant change was in the IgG concentrations of group 1, which increased to normal levels by day 15 as did the total protein and prealbumin. CONCLUSION: Severe PEM can lead to a loss of one class of immunoglobulins, but this can be restored by refeeding.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Rational prescription if protein evaluation in the diagnosis and follow up of protein-energy malnutrition].

In our countries, a good prescription of analysis would help to reduce hospital costs without modifying the efficiency of the diagnosis approach. In this work, the authors establish a bond between medicos and biologists by a good indication of protein check-up in the diagnosis and follow up of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). After a discriminant analysis of all the results of protein check-up, two groups of markers are individualized depending on whether the PEM is accompanied or not by inflammatory complications. Finally, they recommend a systematic prescription of the useful group in case of inflammation associated with PEM, because infectious and parasitic diseases are almost constant among our malnourished infants.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1991

Apolipoprotein A1 as an early index of protein-energy malnutrition.

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is, together with infectious and parasitic diseases, a major cause of childhood illness in Africa. Diagnosis and treatment of PEM requires an accurate, simple and reliable method of assessing nutritional status from a blood sample. Plasma apolipoprotein (apo A1), prealbumin and albumin were measured in a group of Senegalese children suffering from PEM who had been hospitalized for refeeding, and in a group of control children. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that: (1) Plasma apo A1 was significantly correlated with prealbumin in assessing nutritional status (P less than 0.005 on day 8 of refeeding); (2) plasma apo A1 alone was sufficient for diagnosing and monitoring the dietary treatment of PEM; it was capable of detecting subclinical forms; (3) apo A1 could be used for differential diagnosis of forms of PEM; (4) plasma apo A1 concentration began to increase earlier (94% of control values at day 8) than did prealbumin (73% on day 8). We therefore propose apo A1 as an index of nutritional status in children living in areas where infectious and parasitic diseases are endemic.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗