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Biomedical subjects

M Gabor

Publications and source records attributed to M Gabor.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Treatment of human chronic fascioliasis with triclabendazole: drug efficacy and serologic response.

Between November 1990 and March 1992, 24 asymptomatic individuals in Chile with chronic hepatic fascioliasis confirmed by the presence of Fasciola hepatica eggs in feces were treated with a single oral dose of triclabendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight) after an overnight fast. Nineteen (79.2%) of 24 patients were egg-negative two months after treatment. Three of five cases with F. hepatica in feces after the first treatment were retreated and parasitologic cure was achieved. Tolerance to the drug was excellent; none of the patients had either secondary symptoms or important alterations in levels of aspartate and amino transferases, alkaline phosphatase, or bilirubin during or after treatment. Mild eosinophilia, present in 70% of the cases, persisted at least until 60 days after treatment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was highly effective in diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring. Before treatment, 20 (83.3%) of 24 confirmed cases had positive test results. The test results became negative by the second month of treatment in 40% of the cured cases. This percentage increased progressively, reaching 91.3% at 12 months after therapy. In the five cases in which treatment failed, the ELISA results remained positive until the end of the follow-up period (six months). In three of these cases who accepted a second round of therapy with triclabendazole six months after the first treatment, the ELISA results became negative in all three six months after parasitologic cure and remained negative until the end of the period. Due to its efficacy, excellent tolerance, and ease of administration (a single oral dose), triclabendazole appears to be the drug of choice for chronic human fascioliasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Sulbactam/ampicillin in comparison with cefuroxime for infections of the lower respiratory tract. Results of a prospective, randomized comparative study].

In a randomized prospective study, ampicillin (AMP) in combination with the beta-lactamase-inhibitor, sulbactam (SBT) was compared with cefuroxime (CXM) in 73 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections. 36 patients received SBT/AMP 1 g/2 g t.i.d. and 37 patients received CXM 1.5 g t.i.d.--both in the form of i.v. infusion. The duration of treatment ranged from five to twelve days, with a median of eight days in each group. 23 patients (64%) of the SBT/AMP group had pneumonia, while 13 (36%) had acute purulent bronchitis; 13 of the patients (36%) received artificial respiration. 23 patients (62%) of the CXM group had pneumonia and 14 (38%) acute purulent bronchitis; eight patients (22%) required artificial respiration. In 54 patients (SBT/AMP: 26; CXM: 28) initial culture yielded bacterial pathogens, mainly Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and pneumococci. 35 patients in each group were clinically evaluable. 31 patients (89%) responded to treatment with SBT/AMP, and 28 patients (80%) to treatment with CXM. Four patients (11%) who received SBT/AMP failed to respond, as did seven patients on CXM. The bacteriological efficacy was assessed in 26 patients of the SBT/AMP group: in 22 cases (84%) baseline pathogens were eradicated, while in two patients (8%) each, there was persistent infection and a superinfection, respectively. In 23 patients (82%) of the CXM group (28 patients evaluated) the pathogens were eradicated, while three cases (11%) had persistent infection, and two (7%) superinfection. Apart from a case of exanthema under CXM, no adverse drug reactions were reported. No statistically significant differences were to be seen between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1992

Disposition of carvedilol enantiomers in patients with liver cirrhosis: evidence for disappearance of stereoselective first-pass extraction.

The racemic drug carvedilol exerts its antihypertensive action through vasodilation and nonselective beta-blockade. The R(+)-enantiomer has twice (31.1%) the absolute bioavailability than the S(-) form (15.1%). The pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers were investigated after intravenous (i.v.) (12.5 mg in 1 h) and p.o. (25 mg) administration of racemic carvedilol in six patients with cirrhosis of the liver according to a randomized crossover design. Although the difference between areas under the curve of R(+) and S(-) were of borderline significance after i.v. administration but significant after oral administration, no difference existed between the absolute bioavailabilities of R(+) (83.7%) and S(-) (71.3%). The enantiomer ratio is similar after i.v. (1.3) and p.o. administration (1.6). In contrast to healthy subjects, the apparent volume of distribution of S(-) is about 90% greater than that of R(+) in patients. The renal excretion of carvedilol and of one of its major metabolites, carvedilol glucuronide, also exhibited stereoselective behavior, but in opposite directions. In patients with liver cirrhosis, stereoselective metabolism of carvedilol is still operative. However, probably because of portocaval shunts, the hepatic first-pass extraction is markedly reduced, eliminating the difference in bioavailability between the two enantiomers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Influence of flavonoids and lanthanides on kappa-carrageenin rat tail thrombosis.

Rat tail thrombosis (RTT) induced by i.v. injection of kappa-carrageenin was not inhibited by p.o. or i.p. administration of the aglucon of rutin, quercetin, but it was slightly inhibited by rutoside-containing Venoruton. The RTT was significantly inhibited by didymlaevulinate, Helodym 88, whereas samarium-containing Phlogosol gave inconsistent results because of the solvent propylene glycol. The RTT model is suitable to detect substances of the flavonoid and lanthanide types with weak antithrombotic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Treatment of reflux esophagitis with sucralfat].

In a multi-centre placebo-controlled double-blind study, the therapeutic effectiveness of sucralfate (aluminium sucrose sulphate, four times 1 g daily) was tested on 66 out-patients with endoscopically confirmed reflux oesophagitis. After 12 weeks of treatment complete healing occurred in 72% of the sucralfate group, and in a further 14% there was improvement. In the placebo group the healing rate was 40%, with improvement in a further 20%. Serious side-effects did not occur. Sucralfate treatment was especially effective in patients with signs of high-grade inflammation (stage III of Savary and Miller) unsuccessfully treated with other drugs. Contrary to previously available drugs, sucralfate is effective also in lesions caused by alkaline reflux and is thus a useful addition to the hitherto unsatisfactory means of treatment.

Alginates↗
PubMed1983

Chromosome interactions and expression in fused Bacillus protoplasts.

Heterodiploid bacteria can be regenerated from fused mixed protoplasts. In both B. megaterium and B. subtilis, early selective effects during regeneration may strongly affect the phenotype of the products. Among the products are diploid prototrophs, whose stability is still in doubt. It is not known whether the prototrophy results from complementation or from recombination during the selection. In the case of B. subtilis, regeneration in a permissive, uncrowded and non-selective environment leads to production of rather large yields of heterodiploids, either biparental or recombinant. These seem to be only partially stable, but while remaining diploid they give rise to a wide variety of genetic recombinants. In general rather few prototrophs are found when selection is applied to the bacterial diploids. The phenotypic properties of B. subtilis diploids reveal incomplete expression of the demonstrable gene inventory. Biparental diploids appear commonly to show the phenotype of only one of the contained parent types, as if one chromosome remains unexpressed. For diploid recombinants data are insufficient to reveal the status of the chromosomes. Non-expression is believed to be due to structural complexity of particular chromosomes, or their parts. Recombination occurring within bacterial heterodiploid clones appears to satisfy many of the expectations for genetic recombination in eukaryotes--including that of being in part at least classically reciprocal, with intraclonal reciprocals in equivalent numbers. While short map intervals show reduced recombination, large numbers of recombinations (one to two thirds) involve exchanges at or near the terminus and origin of bidirectional replication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacillus↗
PubMed1983

Effect of sucralfate on peptic ulcer recurrence: a controlled double-blind multicenter study.

We entered 174 patients with healed duodenal ulcer and 77 with healed gastric ulcer into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial to investigate the efficacy of 1 g sucralfate twice daily in preventing ulcer recurrence. Endoscopy was performed after 6 months or earlier for symptoms compatible with ulcer disease. The relapse rate in the 126 patients with duodenal ulcer who could be evaluated for efficacy was 14/66 (21.2%) under sucralfate and 30/60 (50%) under placebo treatment (p less than 0.01). No significant difference in relapse rate was found in the 55 gastric ulcer patients who could be evaluated; 11 of 30 (37%) relapsed on sucralfate and 11 of 25 (44%) relapsed on placebo. Among the duodenal ulcer patients in the placebo group, those who had been treated initially with H2-receptor blockers for acute ulcer had significantly more relapses than patients who had been treated with other drugs. The recurrence rate was independent of prior treatment in the sucralfate group. Duodenal ulcer patients with a history of multiple episodes of active ulcer disease had a significantly higher rate of relapse than patients with only a few previous episodes. Both treatments were well tolerated. Two patients in each treatment group complained of nausea and epigastric pain immediately after drug intake. No other drug-related symptoms were observed. We conclude that sucralfate is effective in the prophylaxis of duodenal ulcer. No significant effect was found in the prevention of gastric ulcer recurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum↗
PubMed1971

Lactobacillus exonuclease mutants: selection of mutants with altered ability to utilize deoxyribonucleotides.

Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26, which requires preformed deoxyriboside for its growth, is able to grow in a basal medium supplemented with nitrophenyl esters of thymidine 3'- and 5'-phosphates. Mutants unable to grow on the thymidine phosphate esters were isolated and classified thus far into two classes. One class of mutants that are unable to grow on the diesters have modified exonucleases, their extracts being unable to hydrolyze the specific nitrophenyl ester on which the strain did not grow. It appears therefore, that the known 3'- and 5'-exonucleases specifically hydrolyzing these esters can be used for the support of growth. A second mutagenization treatment of one of the mutants gave rise to a new strain unable to use or hydrolyze either diester for growth, although it could still grow on several deoxyribodinucleotides. Another class of mutants does not grow on deoxyribooligonucleotides but grows on monodeoxyribo-nucleosides and -nucleotides. These mutants have normal levels of exonuclease activities, so it appears possible that they bear a mutation affecting permeability to diesters or to molecules larger than mononucleotides.

Culture Media↗