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Biomedical subjects

M Gado

Publications and source records attributed to M Gado.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Computerized tomography in the evaluation of head and neck lesions.

The development of computerized tomography (CT) has been called the most important contribution to medical diagnostic techniques since Roentgen discovered the X-ray in 1895. Over the past several years, the growth in technology and literature concerning computerized tomography has been rapid. CT is useful in evaluation of head and neck lesions such as lesions of the paranasal sinuses, the nasopharynx, base of skull, the larynx and neck areas. It is also useful in evaluation of intracranial complications of head and neck diseases. CT has added the horizontal plane in the evaluation of these lesions. The ease of obtaining CT scans and its non-invasiveness are advantages. The most important single feature of CT that distinguishes it from other radiographic techniques is the capability of imaging of soft tissue. CT demonstration of bone destruction is not superior to polytomography. The transaxial orientation of CT planes seems to be particularly useful in certain locations such as the pterygopalatine fossa. CT is an additional diagnostic tool, but it has limitations of other radiologic techniques in differentiating histologic types. In this series, one case of ethmoiditis resembled carcinoma. In another, radiation necrosis was indistinguishable from intracranial metastasis. As technology advances in the use of CT, its application in head and neck lesions will be increasing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Angiography in the diagnosis and management of extracranial vascular lesions of the head and neck.

The angiographic features of various lesions of the head and neck are presented. Angiographically, cavernous hemangiomas display large venous lakes with calcified phleboliths. Arteriovenous malformations reveal massive tumor stain with well delineated feeding vessels from multiple systems. Chemodectomas and juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are clearly vascular with homogenous tumor staining in the capillary phase. Angiography of cavernous hemangioma, AVM, chemodectoma, and angiofibroma is diagnostic and may preclude the need for tissue biopsy. Angiographically neurilemmomas are less vascular with non-homogenous tumor stain. Carcinomas are typically avascular. The use and benefits of arterial embolization in the management of these lesions is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Serial computed tomography of primary brain tumors following surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy.

55 patients with primary brain tumors were studied by CT scans before, during, and after treatment to determine chronological changes in morphology. Pretreatment scans showed decreased density in most glioblastomas and low-grade astrocytomas and normal density in most unbiopsied tumors and optic nerve gliomas. All glioblastomas and 40% of the astrocytomas were enhanced by contrast material, suggesting that the latter tumor can be divided into two prognostic categories based on the presence or absence of enhancement. Lesion size regressed after treatment in 62% of patients, stabilized in 29%, and progressed in 9%. CT findings correlated with the clinical course in 93% of cases. 73% of tumors persisted, 20% disappeared, and 7% recurred after a mean follow-up of 10.1 months.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

Analysis of gas in vacuum lumbar disc.

In three cases in which chemonucleolysis with chymopapain was used for the treatment of back and sciatic pain, gas from the vacuum phenomenon of a degenerated lumbar intervertebral disc was recovered. In one of these, the gas analyzed by gas chromatography contained 90%--92% nitrogen.

Chymopapain↗
PubMed1976

Neurologic manifestations of glomus tumors in the head and neck.

In 75 patients with glomus tumors in the head and neck region, 57 tumors arose from the jugular bulb region, 11 from the middle ear, and seven from the vagus nerve. Thirty-seven percent (28 patients) had cranial nerve paralysis, and 14.6% (11) had intracranial tumor extension. The jugular foramen syndrome was associated with a 50% (two of four patients) incidence, and hypoglossal nerve paralysis with a 75% (three of four) incidence of posterior fossa tumor invasion. Horner syndrome and labyrinthine destruction had a 50% (two of four) incidence of a middle cranial fossa tumor invasion. The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) invasion with cranial nerve paralysis (excluding the seventh nerve) was 52% (11 of 21). Otologic findings and seventh nerve paralysis did not correlate with CNS tumor extension.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1976

Correlative assay of computerized cranial tomography CCT, water content and specific gravity in normal and pathological postmortem brain.

An assay of water content and specific gravity in normal and pathological autopsy brain has been correlated with CCT attenuation values obtained just prior to brain cutting. Formalin fixation does not alter normal values so that fixed brain appears to be suitable for this type of study. Low attenuation values in CCT correlate better with changes in specific gravity, rather than water in infarcts, but they have a close relationship to water content in edema. The high water content in infarcts of the white matter reveals a striking disparity in fluid control between cortex and white matter, which has not been emphasized in experimental studies. Water movement within and around blood clots has been discussed.

Body Water↗
PubMed1976

Optimal utilization of computerized cranial tomography and radionuclide brain imaging.

The results of computerized cranial tomography and radionuclide brain imaging in 490 patients were compared in relationship to the patients' clinical presentation. In 195 patients with focal neurologic abnormalities, both tests detected most lesions, but computerized cranial tomography was slightly more accurate overall. Results of both studies were normal in 69 percent of 295 patients with nonfocal neurologic presentations, and radionuclide imaging failed to detect lesions in only five patients with nonfocal presentations. These results suggest that radionuclide imaging can be used to accurately screen most patients with nonfocal neurologic presentations. An exception is the patient presenting with dementia, in whom computerized cranial tomography provides details of the anatomy of the ventricular cavities and cerebral cortex. This study demonstrates a continuing role of importance for radionuclide imaging in the evaluation of patients with neurologic disease and provides data to allow a rational approach to the optimum use of both techniques.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1975

Appraisal of the angiographic circulation time as an index of cerebral blood flow.

The relationship of the brain angiographic mode circulation time (AVCT) to the mean transit time of the vascular indicator C15O-labeled hemoglobin (tc15o) and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as measured by the clearance of the diffusible tracer H2-15O was examined in 38 patients with selected cerebral diseases. The results demonstrate a predictable relationship does exist between the rCBF and tc15o. This relationship is linear when plotted as tc15o vs. 1/CBF. Further, tc150 can be estimated with sufficient accuracy from the AVCT to permit at least a qualitative assessment of rCBF from the cerebral angiogram.

Angiography↗
PubMed1975

The peripheral zone of increase density in cranial computed tomography.

The band of increased attenuation seen on in vivo CCT images of adults, frequently designated as the cerebral cortex, has been proved clinically and experimentally to be an artifact in the reconstructed image. Recognition of this artifact may be of help in identifying intracranial lesions, such as shallow subdural hematomas. Attenuation values of isolated cortex and white matter were also studied and do not account for the band of high attenuation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Neurologic implications of glomus tumors in the head and neck.

Seventy-six patients with glomus tumors were evaluated. The incidenc- of cranial nerve paralysis in 37 percent and the incidence of intracranial extension is 14.6 percent. Jugular foramen syndrome is associated with 50 percent, and hypoglossal nerve involvement with 75 percent incidence of posterior fossa extension. Horner's syndrome is associated with 50 percent of middle cranial fossa invasion. The incidence of CNS tumor involvement with cranial nerve paralysis (not including VIIth nerve) is 52 percent.

Ear Neoplasms↗