PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Galbraith

Publications and source records attributed to M Galbraith.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Assumptions and beliefs in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their mothers.

A pilot study examined the specific cognitive content of female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. The relationship between daughter and mother concerns, and concerns in mothers, also were investigated. All participants completed a measure of assumptions and negative self-beliefs related to eating disorders. Adolescents with anorexia nervosa scored more highly on all subscales of the measure than nonclinical adolescent controls. There were significant daughter-mother relationships on two subscales in the clinical, but not the nonclinical, group. However, the two groups of mothers did not differ on any subscale. Possible explanations for the findings, and implications for treatment and research, are briefly considered.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

United States passenger-vehicle crashes by crash geometry: direct costs and other losses.

The personal and societal losses caused by motor-vehicle crashes are significant. This paper provides tools that describe these losses for 30 different crash geometries. Persons involved with the development and implementation of crash countermeasures can use these tools to prioritize their countermeasure approach. Multiple vehicle crashes currently account for much larger direct costs but only slightly more years lost than single vehicle crashes. Direct expenditures on multiple vehicle crashes exceed $41 billion per year; they claim 974,000 years of life and functioning. Direct expenditures on single vehicle crashes exceed $18 billion per year; they claim 937,000 years of life and functioning.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Estimating the costs of occupational injury in the United States.

This article estimates workplace injury costs in the U.S. These costs have been studied in less detail than most injury costs. Our methods, which mostly use regularly published data, produce order-of-magnitude estimates. Overall, workplace injuries cost the U.S. an estimated $140 billion annually. This estimate includes $17 billion in medical and emergency services, $60 billion in lost productivity, $5 billion in insurance costs, and $62 billion in lost quality of life. One sixth of the societal costs result from the 3% of workplace injuries in motor vehicle crashes. Motor vehicle costs per injury are almost 6 times the workplace injury average.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1995

Barriers to well child care for homeless children under age 13.

Barriers perceived by homeless families to preventive health care for their children under age 13 have been underdocumented. This descriptive study was designed to identify perceived barriers to care and to determine if there was a relationship between perceived barriers and duration of the family's homelessness. Using an investigator-modified version of Melnyk's Barrier Scale and a demographic measure, a convenience sample of homeless families (n = 53) from three transitional shelters was surveyed via questionnaire. Four barriers were cited most frequently by the respondents as greatly affecting their children's care. These barriers involved provider-selection difficulties, waiting for well child appointments, waiting during well child appointments, and the high cost of transportation and/or parking. No relationship was found between duration of homelessness and perceived barriers. These findings confirm the reality of potential barriers to care suggested by earlier studies. Innovative forms of health care delivery that may reduce or eliminate these barriers include the use of shelter-site clinics, mobile units, and the use of a nurse liaison between family shelters and hospital-based clinics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Injury prevention counseling by pediatricians: a benefit-cost comparison.

OBJECTIVES: The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that health education, through office-based counseling, can contribute to childhood injury prevention. This report extends previously published work on the effectiveness of primary care-based counseling and compares the costs and estimated monetary value of the benefits of safety counseling targeting children ages 0 to 4 years. METHODS: We estimate the savings achievable with comprehensive childhood injury prevention counseling organized around the three Framingham Safety Surveys used in The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP) developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. We verify the estimated savings by comparing them with the effects of pediatrician counseling from separate analyses of the most fully evaluated interventions--in child motor vehicle occupant injuries, burns, and falls. RESULTS: TIPP pediatrician injury counseling sessions between the ages of 0 and 4 years can achieve estimated savings of $880 per child or $80 per visit. If all 19.2 million children ages 0 to 4 years completed TIPP, we estimate that $230 million would be saved annually in medical spending, and injury costs would decline $3.4 billion. each dollar spent on TIPP childhood injury prevention targeting children ages 0 to 4 years returns nearly $13. CONCLUSION: TIPP pediatrician injury counseling is a cost-effective method of preventing childhood injuries and should be more widely adopted.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1993

Negative recall bias and neuroticism: state vs trait effects.

Incidental recall of positive and negative trait adjectives was assessed in high and low N (neuroticism) Ss in whom depressed or neutral mood had been induced. Results indicated that the negative recall bias is an interactive function of trait vulnerability (as reflected by N scores) and current mood state. In the depressed mood condition, there was a trend for high N to be associated with relatively better recall of negative material, as expected. However, in neutral mood, high levels of N predicted relatively poorer recall of negative information. This unexpected finding was discussed in relation to previous research into mood-incongruent recall effects and sex differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Attracting men to nursing: what will they find important in their career?

This study was designed to increase understanding of the career choices of men in nontraditional careers such as nursing by exploring what they find important in their career, their sex role identity, and their personality components. The instruments used in the study were the Important Components of a Career Scale, Bem Sex Role Inventory, and the Cattell 16 Personality Factor measure. Questionnaire packets were mailed to a total of 1,000 potential respondents in the following five groups: male and female nurses and early educators, and male engineers. The response rate was 46%. The men in nursing (n = 57) and early education (n = 76) valued relationship-oriented components of their careers more than the men in engineering (n = 103) (F [2,233] = 35.39, p less than .01).

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

The hand gym.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressive vertebral collapse in diffuse angiomatosis.

A case of vanishing bone disease is presented, with radiologic, endoscopic, and peritoneoscopic evidence of angiomatous involvement of the bones, surrounding soft tissues, and gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis was made by a combination of radiologic techniques and endoscopy. Areas of absent bone were shown to opacify after intralymphatic injections of contrast material, providing in vivo demonstrations that these areas of vanishing bone are occupied by abnormal lymphatics. The etiology remains obscure, but our review of the literature suggests that this condition may be one of a large spectrum of disorders due to a basic underlying endothelial dysplasia. The lymphatic system, vascular system, or both may be involved, and the condition may manifest itself as an abnormality of the bones, soft tissues, viscera, or a combination of these.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors related to recovery in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients.

Many studies have examined the experiences of patients who have had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Research has suggested a relationship between patients' feelings of powerlessness and their recovery rate. This study examined recovery indicators and the degree of powerlessness CABG patients experienced, and identified ways nurses can encourage patients to participate in their recovery and feel back in control.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States.

From October 4 to November 2, 2001, the first 10 confirmed cases of inhalational anthrax caused by intentional release of Bacillus anthracis were identified in the United States. Epidemiologic investigation indicated that the outbreak, in the District of Columbia, Florida, New Jersey, and New York, resulted from intentional delivery of B. anthracis spores through mailed letters or packages. We describe the clinical presentation and course of these cases of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. The median age of patients was 56 years (range 43 to 73 years), 70% were male, and except for one, all were known or believed to have processed, handled, or received letters containing B. anthracis spores. The median incubation period from the time of exposure to onset of symptoms, when known (n=6), was 4 days (range 4 to 6 days). Symptoms at initial presentation included fever or chills (n=10), sweats (n=7), fatigue or malaise (n=10), minimal or nonproductive cough (n=9), dyspnea (n=8), and nausea or vomiting (n=9). The median white blood cell count was 9.8 X 10(3)/mm(3) (range 7.5 to 13.3), often with increased neutrophils and band forms. Nine patients had elevated serum transaminase levels, and six were hypoxic. All 10 patients had abnormal chest X-rays; abnormalities included infiltrates (n=7), pleural effusion (n=8), and mediastinal widening (seven patients). Computed tomography of the chest was performed on eight patients, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was present in seven. With multidrug antibiotic regimens and supportive care, survival of patients (60%) was markedly higher (<15%) than previously reported.

Adult↗