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Biomedical subjects

M Ganesan

Publications and source records attributed to M Ganesan.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Agars of Gelidiella acerosa of west and southeast coasts of India.

Seventeen agar samples were extracted from Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann and Hamel (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales) specimens collected from nine different sites on the Indian coast-five from southeast coast and four from the west coast. The agar samples were analysed. The stability characteristics of the gels of selected agar samples were studied by rheometry under applied stress conditions, i.e. variation of the storage (G') and loss moduli (G'') were studied under varying frequency and duration (time) of the stress applied. Yield, apparent and dynamic viscosities, gelling and melting temperatures, 3,6-anhydrogalactose (3,6-AG), sulphate contents and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) measurements of the products were done. It was observed that the best quality agar was produced by G. acerosa occurring in the Gulf of Mannar region in the southeast coast. The gel strengths and the viscosities of agars extracted from Gelidiella acerosa occurring in the Gulf of Mannar ranged from 500 to 700gcm(-2) and 33 to 45cP for 2001 collections and for 2002 collections the corresponding values were 450 to 845gcm(-2) and 55 to 67cP respectively. On the other hand, for the agar samples extracted from the west coast of India, the gel strength and viscosities values ranged from 225 to 400gcm(-2) and from 15 to 30cP, respectively. The agars obtained from G. acerosa collected from southeast coast have been found to be suitable for bacterial culture and molecular biology. This is the first report of superior quality of agar from the Indian agarophytes.

Agar↗
PubMed2006

Psychosocial response to disasters--some concerns.

This paper is confined to a discussion of some of the possible harm and problems that came about as a result of the psychosocial interventions that were carried out in the post-tsunami phase. It also discusses some of the coordination activities that were carried out. It is accepted that there were many psychosocial initiatives that were well planned and were very useful to the community; however, this paper does not discuss those projects. It is mainly based on the experience gathered from working in the East coast of Sri Lanka for over five years and also from being involved in post-tsunami coordination work that was done with over 60 different organizations in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. Experiences from the neighbouring Ampara and Trincomalee districts are also included.

Asia↗
PubMed2006

Influence of cytokinins, auxins and polyamines on in vitro mass multiplication of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. SVPR2).

In the present investigation, the influence of different forms of cytokinins, auxins and polyamines were tested for mass multiplication and regeneration of cotton. Initially, for the identification of effective concentration for multiple shoot induction, various concentrations of BAP, Kin and 2iP along with IAA and NAA were tested. Among tested concentrations, media fortified with MS salts; B5 vitamins; 30 g/l, glucose; 2.0 mg/l, 2iP; 2.0 mg/l, IAA and 0.7 % agar showed best response for multiplication of shoot tip explants (20 shoots per shoot tip explants). In nodal explants, maximum of 18.6 shoots were obtained in the media fortified with MS salts, B5 vitamins, 30 g/l, glucose, 2.0 mg/l, 2iP, 1.0 mg/l, NAA and 0.7 % agar. Effect of different concentrations of polyamines like spermidine and putrescine were also tested along with the above said multiplication media. Among the various treatments, 20 mg/l of putrescine showed best response and the multiple of shoots were increased to 26.5 shoots per shoot tip explants and 24.5 shoots per nodal explants. Elongation of shoots was achieved on multiple shoot induction medium. Significant number of roots were initiated in the medium supplemented with MS salts, vitamin B5 and IBA (2.0 mg/l). The frequency of root induction was increased by addition of, PVP (10 mg/l) along with root induction medium and after 2 weeks, the roots reached the maximum length of 22 cm. Further, these plantlets were hardened by using sand, soil and vermiculate in 1:1:1 ratio. The hardened plants were transferred to the environmental growth chamber for proper acclimatization. The hardened plants were then transferred to field for boll yielding and they exhibited 100% survival.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2005

Carbon source dependent somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. SVPR2 through suspension cultures.

Highly reproducible and simple protocol for cotton somatic embryogenesis is described here by using different concentrations of maltose, glucose, sucrose and fructose. Maltose (30 g/l) is the best carbon source for embryogenic callus induction and glucose (30 g/l) was suitable for induction, maturation of embryoids and plant regeneration. Creamy white embryogenic calli of hypocotyl explants were formed on medium containing MS basal salts, myo-inositol (100 mg/l), thiamine HCI (0.3 mg/l), picloram (0.3 mg/l), Kin (0.1 mg/l) and maltose (30 g/l). During embryo induction and maturation, accelerated growth was observed in liquid medium containing NH3NO4 (1 g/l), picloram (2.0 mg/l), 2 ip (0.2 mg/l), Kin (0.1 mg/l) and glucose (30 g/l). Before embryoid induction, large clumps of embryogenic tissue were formed. These tissues only produced viable embryoids. Completely matured somatic embryos were germinated successfully on the medium fortified with MS salts, myo-inositol (50 mg/l), thiamine HCl (0.2 mg/l), GA3 (0.2 mg/l), BA (1.0 mg/l) and glucose (30 g/l). Compared with earlier reports, 65% of somatic embryo germination was observed. The abnormal embryo formation was highly reduced by using glucose (30 g/l) compared to other carbon sources. The regenerated plantlets were fertile but smaller in height than the seed derived control plants.

Carbon↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of haemoglobin (erythrogen): for improved somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. SVPR 2).

Somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is accelerated when the plant regeneration medium is supplemented with haemoglobin (erythrogen). In cotton SVPR 2 lines, a higher frequency of embryoid formation was observed when the medium contained 400 mg/l haemoglobin. Fresh weight of the callus, rate of embryoid induction, number of embryoids formed and the percentage of plant regeneration from somatic embryos were increased. Among the two different cultivars tested, MCU 11 showed no response to the presence of haemoglobin when compared to SVPR 2, and embryogenic callus formation was completely absent in the former. Medium containing MS salts, 100 mg/l myo-inositol , 0.3 mg/l thiamine-HCL, 0.3 mg/l Picloram (PIC), 0.1 mg/l kinetin and 400 mg/l haemoglobin effected a better response with respect to embryogenic callus induction. After 8 weeks of culture, a high frequency of embryoid induction was observed on medium containing MS basal salts, 100 mg/l myo-inositol, 0.3 mg/l PIC , 0.1 mg/l isopentenyl adenine, 1.0 g/l NH4NO3 and 400 mg/l haemoglobin. Plant regeneration was observed in 75.8% of the mature somatic embryos, and whole plant regeneration was achieved within 6-7 months of culture. The regenerated plantlets were fertile and similar to in vivo-grown, seed-derived plants except that they were phenotypically smaller. A positive influence of haemoglobin was observed at concentrations up to 400 mg/l at all stages of somatic embryogenesis. The increase in the levels of antioxidant enzyme activities, for example superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, indicated the presence of excess oxygen uptake and the stressed condition of the plant tissues that arose from haemoglobin supplementation. This increased oxygen uptake and haemoglobin-mediated stress appeared to accelerate somatic embryogenesis in cotton.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2004

Bioequivalence study of rabeprazole sodium on healthy human volunteers.

The newly developed proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole sodium is expected to have beneficial effects in the treatment of peptic ulcer. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C(max), AUC(o-t), t(max)) of this drug have been evaluated to compare the single dose (20 mg) bioavailability of rabeprazole sodium with the standard reference. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV detector set at 280 nm has been used to determine plasma concentration of 12 human volunteers as per Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) guidelines. The method has been validated over a linear range of 20-480 ng/ml from plasma. The minimum quantifiable concentration was set at 10 ng/ml [co-efficient of variance (CV) < 10%]. By comparing AUC(o-t) the relative bioavailability of test preparation has been found to be 100.88% of that of reference preparation.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2004

Oral delivery system of insulin microspheres: effect on relative hypoglycemia of diabetic albino rats.

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effectiveness of a dosage form approach for monitoring both the inactivation and the absorption process by targeting insulin delivery to the upper region of small intestine. The dosage form is based on the incorporation of insulin with protease inhibitor and absorption enhancer into polyacrylic polymer Eudragit L-100. Insulin microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. And also study the effect of these microspheres upon the relative hypoglycemia (RH) effect in white diabetic albino rats has been studied in comparison to that produced after subcutaneous injection of bovine insulin solution. The oral administration of formulation with aprotinin and bile salts gave significant (p< 0.01) hypoglycemia when compared with formulation with insulin alone and with insulin and bile salts. However, the duration, course and the intensity of effect were different for each formulation. It was interesting to observe that the co-administration of aprotinin and bile salts produce prolonged and significant reduction of blood glucose level. A reduction of 4.47-36.81% in plasma glucose levels and RH of about 11.7% relative to subcutaneous injection of soluble insulin solution can be achieved by encapsulation along with protease inhibitor and bile salts.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Pellet coating by air suspension technique using a mini-model coating unit.

Air suspension coating is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, as an attractive alternative to pan coating in that it can successfully coat small particles, pellets and tablets irrespective of size or shape with a wide variety of coating materials. The commercially available air suspension coating equipments require at least one kilogram of material for optimum efficiency of their working. Therefore, it is felt that there is a potential need for a small, compact air suspension coating instrument, which can work with gram quantities of material. The main objective of the present work is to design and evaluate a laboratory model top spray air suspension coating instrument. The performance of the instrument was evaluated for both, drug loading on to non-pareil pellets and coating of drug-loaded pellets. Terbutaline sulphate was selected as model drug, while Surelease (aqueous polymeric dispersion of ethyl cellulose) as representative coating material. The drug loading efficiency of the instrument was found to be around 82% with a pellet load of 10 g. The drug loading efficiency was found to be satisfactory and reproducible. Scanning electron micrographs of coated pellets indicated that coating was homogenous and uniform around the pellets. The maximum deviations observed in the in vitro drug release studies were +/- 2.7397% of the mean percent quantity of drug released, which is low enough for the coating to be considered uniform and reproducible. Reproducibility of the coating process was further confirmed by determining the 95% confidence interval for average difference in cumulative percentage drug release between two runs of each batch, which was found to be less than 5% set as the maximum allowable difference. The release data obtained were found to show best fit with first order kinetic model. A significant influence of coating thickness on the drug release rate was observed. From the results and observations of this work, it may be concluded that the mini-model air suspension coating instrument designed, may be a useful piece of equipment for preparing coated multiparticulate dosage forms in small quantities for sustained drug delivery, especially in research works.

Bronchodilator Agents↗
PubMed2003

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of cox-2 inhibitor rofecoxib in human plasma.

A convenient, sensitive and simple method for the determination of rofecoxib in human plasma is presented. The analytical technique is based on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector (Knauer, Germany) set at 272 nm. The retention time of rofecoxib after recovery from plasma, was 8.9 minutes. The method has been validated over a linear range of 50-450 ng/ml from plasma. After validation the method was used to study the pharmacokinetic profile of rofecoxib in 6 healthy volunteers as per DCGI guidelines after administration of a single oral dose (50 mg). The extraction efficiency from plasma varied from 93.95-99.58%. The minimum quantifiable concentration was set at 50 ng/ml (% CV < 10%). The pharmacokinetic parameters were Cmax = 318.58 +/- 30.65 ng/ml at tmax = 2.66 +/- 0.25 hours, AUC0-t = 4007.88 +/- 438.32 ng hour/ml, AUC0-yen = 5454.66 +/- 822.29 ng hour/ml, Kel = 0.0433 +/- 0.0067/hour, and t1/2 = 16.36 +/- 2.89 hours.

Area Under Curve↗
PubMed2002

Self-immolation a common suicidal behaviour in eastern Sri Lanka.

A high number of self-burning injuries are noted in Batticaloa. The epidemiology, outcome and psychosocial aspects of 87 patients admitted with such burns over a 2-year-period was studied. The patients were compared with accidental burns and patients using other methods of suicide. Seventy nine percent of the victims were females and 72% were in the 15-34 years age-group. Most had marital problems. The majority were Tamils, but Muslims were fairly well represented. The median extent of burn was 48% of total body surface area (TBSA), with the top of the body mainly affected. The use of fire proved to have a high mortality in a group of patients who did not really want to die; 61 (70%) died. Mortality was higher than for accidental burns after matching for age and burn extent. The survivors had long hospital stays and suffered severe disfigurement. The cases where the patient denied self-harm, but in which the injuries were suggestive of this motive, were strikingly similar in age, sex and burn extent to the suicide group. In contrast, poison suicide records showed a male predominance and a gross under-representation of Muslims. Fire is a very significant method of suicide in our area. Social make-up and poor problem-solving ability may be contributing factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Detection and purification of sequence-specific DNA binding protein.

A simple assay for identifying DNA-binding proteins is described that involves loading of protein fractions onto nitrocellulose membrane using a slot-blot apparatus, incubating with 32P-labeled DNA probe in buffer in the presence of excess of nonspecific E. coli DNA at room temperature, and washing with increasing concentration of NaCl (from 50 to 500 mM) to obtain optimum signal. A simple and rapid scheme of purification of a sex and tissue-specific DNA-binding protein, which binds specifically to the GATA repeats of Bkm (banded krait minor satellite DNA), designated as Bkm-binding protein (BBP), is also described. This requires only a DNA affinity column after the initial ammonium sulfate precipitation. The insert (545 bp) of the Drosophila clone 2(8) containing 66 copies of GATA repeats was used to prepare the sequence-specific DNA-Sepharose affinity column. The slot-blot-binding assay and the simple scheme of purification described here may be used for routine screening and purification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins in general.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Sex- and tissue-specific Bkm(GATA)-binding protein in the germ cells of heterogametic sex.

The ZZ male/ZW female system of sex determination (female heterogamety) is found in snakes and birds whereas XY male/XX female system of sex determination (male heterogamety) operates in mammals including humans. The W and Y chromosomes are largely heterochromatic and undergo cycles of condensation and decondensation in the germ cells of ovary and testis, respectively, whereas they remain highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive in all somatic cells. Both chromosomes have enriched stretches of GATA repeats along their entire length (which is identified as banded krait minor satellite DNA and called Bkm) that are highly conserved through widely separated orders of eukaryotes. Here we report the existence of a factor, which specifically binds to Bkm, in the germ cells of the heterogametic sex (ovary in female heterogamety and testis in male heterogamety) where decondensation (activation) of the W and Y chromosomes, respectively, occurs; it has been purified as a polypeptide of 57.5 kDa from the rat snake ovary and designated as Bkm-binding protein (BBP) by virtue of its binding to GATA repeats of Bkm. Such a sex- and tissue-specific BBP is also present in the ovary of other species of snakes and in the testis of mouse and human where the Y chromosome is highly decondensed. We suggest that GATA repeats of Bkm brings about a coordinated decondensation of the W and Y sex chromosomes in the germ cells of the heterogametic sex in response to BBP which may serve as a "switch" for the activation of the genes present on the W and Y chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accelerated stability of sulphamethoxazole microcapsules coated with Eudragit RS 100 and Eudragit RL 100.

Eudragit is being used as coating material in Microencapsulation technique for sustained release microcapsule formulation. In the present study, we have concentrated in evaluating the stability parameters of the Sulphamethoxazole microcapsules coated with Eudragit RS 100 and RL 100. Two sets of sample were studied, the first set was stored at room temperature for ten years and the second set is freshly prepared one. The second set of samples was subjected to various storage conditions for a period of six months. The samples were analyzed for drug content, dissolution, surface properties and physical properties. It was found that 70% of the core material is still intact in the ten year old sample. Similarly, dissolution studies of the ten year old sample of sustained release microcapsule showed that the drug release ranges from 4% in the first hour to 65% at the end of 8th hour. Whereas, the drug release from the freshly prepared microcapsule (keeping the manufacturing parameters same as that followed for old sample) ranged from 25% in the first hour to 98% at the end of 8th hour. IR spectra of the freshly prepared microcapsules and that of the ten year old microcapsules were found to be identical which shows that no interaction has occurred between the coating polymer and core substance even after ten years.

Acrylic Resins↗