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M Garau

Publications and source records attributed to M Garau.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Prevalence of Malassezia spp. in healthy pigs.

In the present study, we evaluated the occurrence of Malassezia spp. from superficial areas (ear, anus, forehead and back) in 100 healthy pigs. All cultures from anus, forehead and back were negative for Malassezia spp. A total of 73% of pigs were colonized by Malassezia yeasts in the external ear canals. We isolated only lipid-dependent species (Malassezia sympodialis 58%, Malassezia slooffiae 30%). This study evaluates the occurrence of Malassezia spp. in pigs since the taxonomic revision in 1996.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The importance of clinical factors in parenteral nutrition-associated hypertriglyceridemia.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to establish the relevance of several clinical factors associated with parenteral nutrition (PN) hypertriglyceridemia and to construct a predictive model for this complication. METHOD: This multicenter study included all patients with initial serum triglyceridemia <3 mmol and receiving a minimum of 7 days' PN therapy. The study ended for each patient when hypertriglyceridemia developed or PN was terminated. Two multivariate models were constructed, one to study the clinical factors and the second to predict plasma triglyceridemia. A total of 22 clinical factors studied as independent variables were included in the multiple-step regression models only when they showed a P-value over 0.1. Statistical significance was determined by the confidence interval of the odds ratio (OR) and the partial regression coefficient (b). RESULTS: The study included 260 patients from 14 hospitals. Lipid administration was 0.83+/-0.37 g/kg/day. Among the total, 68 patients (26.2%) showed hypertriglyceridemia. Variables included in both models were serum glucose (OR, 2.63; b, 0.06), renal failure (OR, 10.56; b, 1.70), corticoid administration >0.5 mg/kg (OR, 7.98; b, 0.97), pancreatitis (OR, 4.38; b, 0.64), sepsis (OR, 4.48; b, 0.24), lipids infused (OR, 3.03; b, 0.24) and heparin administration >3 mg/kg/day (OR, 0.11; b, -1.21). CONCLUSION: Although the rate of lipid infusion was low, certain clinical factors modified triglyceridemia. Nevertheless, relatively fast plasma clearance of lipids infused indicates that a reduction in lipid supply could be a quick, effective measure for controlling hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, careful monitoring of patients with clinical factors predicting risk in the model studied, with adjustment of lipid perfusion rates accordingly, is suggested to avoid hypertriglyceridemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Randomized prospective comparative study: short-term treatment with ciclopiroxolamine (cream and solution) versus boric acid in the treatment of otomycosis.

Sixty-four patients with symptomatic otomycosis (80 infected ears) confirmed by direct microscopy and culture were randomly treated for I week with ciclopiroxolamine cream 11% (group A, 20 infected ears, 17 patients), ciclopiroxolamine solution 1% (group B, 20 infected ears, 17 patients) and boric acid (group C, 40 infected ears, 30 patients) and daily mechanical suction aspiration of the debris. An attempt was made to match 11 clinical parameters with both the mycological and bacteriological findings. There was no significant association between the fungal species cultured and the clinical parameters did not vary with the presence or absence of different bacteria; pus was never present in fungal otitis externa (Fisher's test, P < 0.001). Before therapy, a significant number of ears had completely sterile bacterial cultures (p < 0.01, chi2 test); saprophytic Gram-positive bacteria increased after treatment, whilst Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species, decreased after treatment. Clinical total cure rates 3 days after the end of therapy ranged from 50% in group A, 25% in group B to 22.5% in group C. Mycological cure rates were 80% (group A), 95% (group B) and 72.5% (group C). Two weeks after the end of therapy the clinical cure rates were 60% (group A), 65% (group B) and 80% (group C) and the mycological cure rates was 65% for group A and 75% for both group B and C. Eleven patients relapsed with otitis externa: four (20%) in groups A and C and three (15%) in group B. In four cases the infection was due to bacteria and the remaining seven were due to fungi. Six sites relapsed with the same fungal species as that isolated at the start of the study. In this short-term assessment the relapse rate was not significantly associated with predisposing conditions. The tolerance was excellent in group A. Four patients (20%) in group B had mild (two patients) or moderate (two patients) burning and itching with each application. Twelve patients (30%) in group C had severe stinging and five of these patients who had perforated tympanic membranes also experienced pain. In terms of clinical and mycological effectiveness, there were no significant differences between the three treatment groups, although group A (ciclopiroxolamine cream 1%) and B (ciclopiroxolamine solution 1%) both showed significantly better tolerance (Fisher's test, P < 0.05) when compared with boric acid (group C).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

[Fosfomycin: an underrated antibiotic for urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sensitivity patterns of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine specimens from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections, with a special emphasis on fosfomycin trometamol for the treatment of UTI. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the sensitivity pattern of 16,227 E. coli isolates recovered from urine cultures performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of Madrid Area 11 from 1997 to 2000. The antimicrobial agents tested included ampicillin, amoxycillin-clavulanate, cephalotin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol, fosfomycin trometamol, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed with the Vitek automatic microdilution system (bioMèrieux, France). RESULTS: E. coli represented 80.1% of all uropathogens recovered. The percentages of sensitive strains to ampicillin, amoxycillin-clavulanate, cephalotin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin were 42.25%, 81.5%, 58.75%, 87.5%, 70%, 94.75%, and 84.75%, respectively. Fosfomycin trometamol was the antibiotic with the highest activity against E. coli, with 95.5% of sensitive isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Fosfomycin trometamol (single dose) is a good alternative that should be considered for the treatment of non-complicated lower urinary tract infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

A double-blind randomized comparative trial: eberconazole 1% cream versus clotrimazole 1% cream twice daily in Candida and dermatophyte skin infections.

In a double-blind phase III study the efficacy and tolerance of eberconazole 1% cream was compared with clotrimazole 1% cream, applied twice daily for four consecutive weeks in 157 patients, with mycologically proven cutaneous candidosis (24 patients, 25 infected sites) and in 133 patients with dermatophyte skin infections (141 treated sites). The analysis was carried out by number of infected and treated sites. The four groups of sites and the distribution of target lesions were similar. The distribution of the sum of clinical scores and infecting organisms were also similar. There were no differences between the groups in terms of the range and mean duration of infection. At the end of therapy and on follow-up in skin candidosis the proportion of patients with effective treatment was 73 and 50% for clotrimazole and eberconazole, respectively. Premature termination due to adverse effects was 26.7% for clotrimazole and 20% for eberconazole. At the end of treatment of dermatophyte infections the proportion of patients with effective treatment was 46% for clotrimazole and 61% for eberconazole. At the overall assessment (6 weeks after the end of treatment) eberconazole was judged effective in 72% of treated sites, whereas clotrimazole was effective in 61%, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.15). There were three relapses (4%) in the clotrimazole-treated group and one relapse (1%) in the eberconazole group. One patient treated with eberconazole cream (1%) had a premature termination due to adverse events attributable to the medication.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Double-blind randomized dose-finding study in acute vulvovaginal candidosis. Comparison of flutrimazole site-release cream (1, 2 and 4%) with placebo site-release vaginal cream.

A double-blind randomized comparative phase II study of flutrimazole site-release vaginal cream (1, 2 and 4%) with placebo site-release vaginal cream was undertaken in patients with acute vulvovaginal candidosis. Vaginitis was demonstrated by both positive findings on microscopic examination of vaginal smears and positive culture as well as by the presence of clinical signs and symptoms. The vaginal monodose treatment was inserted in the evening at bedtime using a vaginal applicator and, in addition, all four groups of patients received additional topical external cream for application to the vulva twice-daily for 7 days; the placebo group received a placebo cream and the active therapy groups all received a 2% flutrimazole cream. A total of 133 patients who were seen over a 10-month period were screened and randomized: five patients did not take the allocated medication, and four patients whose menstrual period began shortly after study entry were excluded from the study, leaving 124 patients who were randomly allocated to receive a monodose vaginal 1% cream (regimen A, 28 patients), a monodose vaginal 2% cream (regimen B, 32 patients), a monodose vaginal 4% cream (regimen C, 31 patients) or a monodose vaginal placebo cream (regimen D, 33 patients). At the assessment 9 days after the end of therapy the proportion of patients who were cured was 82% in group A, 87.4% in group B, 83.8% in group C and 63.5% in group D. Three patients (10.7%) in group A, four (12.5%) in group B, one (3.2%) in group C and 12 (36.36%) in group D did not respond to the treatment. One patient (3.5%) in group A, and two patients (6.4%) in group C terminated the treatment prematurely due to intolerance. There was a significant association between Candida glabrata and treatment failure (P < 0.04) and C. glabrata and carrier state (P = 0.01) in vagina (chi 2 test, P = 0.01) and vulvovagina (chi 2 test, P = 0.00001). At the assessment 4 weeks after the end of therapy the proportion of cured patients was 60.6% in group A, 78% in group B, 80.6% in group C and 48.4% in group D. Group D (placebo) versus group B (2%) and group C (4%) showed a significant difference (P = 0.01 and P = 0.007, respectively). Although there were no significant differences in clinical and mycological activity between the three active groups, group B (flutrimazole 2% site-release vaginal cream) was chosen for clinical use due to its tolerance profile. Seven patients (25%) in group A, three (9.3%) in group B, two (6.4%) in group C and five (15.1%) in group D relapsed 4 weeks after the end of therapy; the relapse rate was not significantly associated with positive culture results 9 days after treatment. There was a significant association between C. glabrata and the carrier state (P < 0.01). The overall ineffective treatment (includes failures at control 1, relapses at control 2 and premature terminations) was 39% in group A, 21.7% in group B, 16% in group C and 51.3% in group D. There was a significant difference in the overall ineffective treatment when C and D groups were compared with placebo (P = 0.01 and P = 0.003, respectively).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence and risk factors of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in the general population in Spain.

This study prospectively evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in the general adult population in Madrid, Spain. One thousand subjects were clinically examined, and samples of nails and scales from the interdigital spaces of the feet were taken from those patients presenting with signs or symptoms of onychomycosis and/or tinea pedis, respectively. In addition, a sample from the fourth interdigital space of both feet was collected from all individuals with a piece of sterilized wool carpet. Tinea unguium was defined as a positive direct examination with potassium hydroxide and culture of the etiological agent from subjects with clinically abnormal nails. Patients with positive dermatophyte cultures of foot specimens were considered to have tinea pedis. The prevalence of tinea unguium was 2.8% (4.0% for men and 1.7% for women), and the prevalence of tinea pedis was 2.9% (4.2% for men and 1.7% for women). The etiological agents of tinea unguium were identified as Trichopyton rubrum (82.1%), followed by Trichopyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (14.3%) and Trichopyton tonsurans (3.5%). Trichophyton rubrum (44.8%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (44.8%), followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (7%) and T. tonsurans (3.4%), were the organisms isolated from patients with tinea pedis. The percentage of subjects who suffered simultaneously from both diseases was 1.1% (1.7% for men and 0.6% for women). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (relative risk [RR], 1.03) and gender (RR, 2.50) were independent risk factors for tinea unguium, while only gender (RR, 2.65) was predictive for the occurrence of tinea pedis. In both analyses, the presence of one of the two conditions was associated with a higher risk for the appearance of the other disease (RR, >25).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Topical treatment of dermatophytosis and cutaneous candidosis with flutrimazole 1% cream: double-blind, randomized comparative trial with ketoconazole 2% cream.

In a double-blind, randomized study the efficacy and tolerance of flutrimazole 1% cream were compared with ketoconazole 2% cream, applied once daily for 4 weeks, in 60 patients with culturally proven dermatophytosis (47 patients) or cutaneous candidosis (13 patients). Both groups of patients and distribution of target lesions were similar. The sum of clinical scores had an even distribution in both groups at the end of treatment. The proportion of patients with negative microscopy and culture after 4 weeks of treatment was 70% in the flutrimazole group and 53% in the ketoconazole group; seven ketoconazole-treated patients (23%) compared with two flutrimazole-treated patients (6.6%) were asymptomatic carriers (clinically cured with positive cultures) at the end of treatment. At the assessment 6 weeks after the end of therapy the percentages of flutrimazole- and ketoconazole-treated patients with negative mycology were 57 and 70%, respectively. There were one relapse (3.3%) in the ketoconazole group and four (13.3%) in the flutrimazole group. One patient treated with ketoconazole (3%) had a premature termination due to adverse events attributable to the medication. The results of this study show that flutrimazole 1% cream is as effective and safe as ketoconazole 2% cream for Candida and dermatophyte skin infections.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

[Corneal ulcer].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Corneal Ulcer↗
PubMed1991

[Monitoring of erection function in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with Casodex].

This study evaluates the sleep-related erections in 5 patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (T3NOMO) during 6 months treatment with Casodex by multinight continuous monitoring of penile tumescence and rigidity. Mean serum LH, Testosterone and Estradiol levels shown a no statistically significant increase at the six months control. We found no significant modifications in the number of NPT episodes, maximum penile circumference and rigidity time before and after therapy. Penile arterial flow and neurologic examination were also unmodified. All patients had a stable disease and unchanged performance status after 6 months. This pure antiandrogen in a men with prostate cancer does not seem to interfere with self reported libido and erectile capability.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of multiple sclerosis in the town of Sassari, Sardinia, 1965 to 1985: evidence for increasing occurrence of the disease.

Prevalence studies carried out in Sardinia from 1975 suggest an increasing occurrence of MS. However, it is questionable whether this increase represents a real change in MS incidence or simply reflects longer survival. Data from 79 patients indicated the average annual incidence for the period 1965 through 1985 was 3.4 per 100,000. On December 31, 1985, the prevalence rate was 69 per 100,000. Evaluation of MS temporal trends showed a significant increase in MS incidence during the study period: values ranged around two per 100,000 in the triennial periods 1965-1967, 1968-1970, and 1971-1973, and around five in each triennium from 1977 onward.

Adolescent↗