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M Gazi Yaşargil

Publications and source records attributed to M Gazi Yaşargil.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The relationship of the fronto-temporal branches of the facial nerve to the fascias of the temporal region: a literature review applied to practical anatomical dissection.

The understanding of the course of the facial nerve and its relationship to the different connective tissue layers in the temporal area is paramount to preserving this nerve during surgery. But the use of different nomenclatures for anatomical structures such as for the different fascial layers or fat pads in the temporal region as well as the difference in description of the course of the fronto-temporal branches of the facial nerve in relationship to the fascial layers can lead to confusion. Therefore we have reviewed the literature about this topic and tried to apply the information to practical anatomical dissection.

Facial Nerve↗
PubMed2006

Microsurgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve.

The aim of the present study was to review the surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve (HN), to reveal its relationships on its course and to provide some landmarks to its identification. Ten cadaveric head dissections (20 sides) were performed using microsurgical techniques. The anatomical relationships between the HN and other nerves, muscles, arteries and veins were carefully recorded, and some measurements were made between the HN and related structures. Thus, various landmarks were determined for the easy identification of the HN. In addition, the hypoglossal triangle, which containes major vascular structures, is described. The HN is divided into three main parts: cisternal, intracanalicular and extracranial. The HN arises from the medulla as a line of rootlets situated along the anterior margin of the lower two-thirds of the olive in the preolivary sulcus. It is the newly described 'hypoglossal' triangle in the anterior neck that is bordered by the descending hypoglossus laterally, transverse hypoglossus inferiorly and inferior border of the stylohyoid muscle superiorly. In our specimens, we determined that the HN was 3-7 mm (mean 5 mm) inferior to the digastric tendon, as well as mostly superficial. The occipital artery arose from the posterior surface of the external carotid artery (ECA) 6-9 mm (mean 7 mm) above the carotid bifurcation. There is also an important 'cross' between the occipital artery and the HN. In all cadavers, this crossing point was 7-9 mm (mean 8 mm) superior to the emergence of the occipital artery from the ECA. In conclusion, understanding the detailed anatomy of the HN and using landmarks to identify the nerve are crucial for surgery in the region.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2005

Surgical anatomy of supratentorial midline lesions.

OBJECT: In this paper the authors correlate the surgical aspects of deep median and paramedian supratentorial lesions with the connective fiber systems of the white matter of the brain. METHODS: The cerebral hemispheres of 10 cadaveric brains were dissected in a mediolateral direction by using the fiber dissection technique, corresponding to the surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: This study illuminates the delicacy of the intertwined and stratified fiber laminae of the white matter, and establishes that these structures can be preserved at surgical exploration in patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The art of alleviating pain in greek mythology.

We reviewed many of the essential Greek myths to identify the methods used at that time to relieve the pain of both illness and surgery, and we discovered many pioneering methods. Both gods and demigods implemented these methods to ease pain, to conduct surgery, and, on occasion, to kill mythological beings. The myths describe the three most common components of anesthesia: hypnosis, amnesia, and (an)algesia. Drugs and music-aided hypnosis were two of the most common methods use to treat emotional and surgical pain. This article identifies highlights in the development of concepts to treat pain in Greek mythology. The examples found in the Greek myths remind us of the historical significance of pain treatment.

Greece↗
PubMed2003

De novo cerebellar medulloblastoma in a 26-year recurrence-free case of temporal glioblastoma multiforme. Case report.

The authors describe a patient who survived 26 years after resection of a right temporal glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) without signs of tumor recurrence. Preoperative emergency angiography demonstrated a hypovascular mass localized in the right temporal lobe with right-to-left shift of the vascular structures. At surgery, the tumor had cystic and solid components localized in the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, reaching the posterolateral wall of the inferior horn of the right lateral ventricle and extending to the trigone and posterior horn. The initial pathological diagnosis of a GBM was reviewed and confirmed throughout the follow-up period. Twenty-six years after surgery and subsequent radiosurgery, the patient underwent resection of a medulloblastoma localized in the right cerebellum as well as stereotactic biopsy sampling of tissue at the original GBM site. Neither radiological nor histological evidence of recurrence of the GBM could be documented. The intraoperative, histological, and radiological findings are described.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A population-based study of the incidence and survival rates in patients with pilocytic astrocytoma.

OBJECT: The incidence of pilocytic astrocytomas and the rate of patient survival were analyzed in a population-based study in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland. METHODS: Between 1980 and 1994, 987 astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors were diagnosed, of which 55 (5.5%) were pilocytic astrocytomas. The incidence rate, adjusted to the World Standard Population, was 4.8 per 1 million per year. The mean age at clinical diagnosis was 19.6 +/- 12.7 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.12. The most frequent tumor sites were the cerebellum (40%), followed by supratentorial locations (35%), the optic pathway and hypothalamus (11%), and the brainstem (9%). The mean follow-up period was 12 years. Observed survival rates were 100% at 5 years and 95.8% at 10 years after diagnosis (relative survival rate at 10 years: 96.8%). Seven patients (13%) received postoperative radiotherapy, but this did not significantly affect survival. In all patients the tumors were histologically classified as WHO Grade I, except in two patients who had anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma (Grade III), one of whom died after 7 years, whereas the other was still alive after 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study shows that, because of the benign biological behavior of pilocytic astrocytomas and advances in microneurosurgery, the survival rates for patients with these tumors are excellent, regardless of postoperative radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

New laboratory model for neurosurgical training that simulates live surgery.

OBJECT: Laboratory training models are essential for developing and refining surgical skills, especially for microsurgery. The closer to live surgery the model is, the greater the benefit. In this paper the authors introduce a cadaver model with unique characteristics: dynamic filling of the cerebral vasculature with colored liquid and clear fluid filling of the arachnoid cisterns. This model is distinctive and has great practical value for training in a wide range of surgical procedures. METHODS: Cadaveric heads were prepared for surgical procedures in the following manner: the carotid arteries (CAs) and vertebral arteries (VAs) in the neck were cannulated, as were the internal jugular veins (JVs) on both sides. Two tubes were introduced into the spinal canal and each one was advanced into one of the cerebellopontine angle cisterns. A CA, VA, or both were then connected to a reservoir containing light red fluid and a pressure of 80 to 120 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 60 beats/minute were established using a pump. The JV on the side currently being dissected was connected to a reservoir containing dark red fluid and kept at a pressure between 20 and 40 mm Hg. The remaining vessels were clamped in the neck. The cisternal tubes were connected to a reservoir of clear fluid that was regulated by an adjustable flow. Nine trainees have tested this model on eight specimens by practicing a variety of surgical procedures and maneuvers, including craniotomies; hemostasis; cisternal and vascular dissection; vascular anastomosis and repair; establishment of arterial bypasses; aneurysm creation, dissection, and clipping; management of an aneurysm rupture; intraparenchymal resection such as amygdalohippocampectomy; ventricular endoscopy and third ventriculostomy; cavernous sinus and skull base approaches; and resection of artificial tumors in the basal cisterns. CONCLUSIONS: This model mimics the normal human anatomy and dynamic vascular filling found in real surgery and presents it from the training perspective, allowing a wide range of skill development and repeated practice. It provides an alternative model to laboratory animals. It is inexpensive and readily available, and has great value for the acquisition and refinement of surgical skills that are not only specific to neurosurgery, but are applicable to other surgical disciplines.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microsurgery for malignant gliomas.

Reflections directly involving the ongoing, intense research activities in biology, the neurosciences and in neurosurgery are discussed including the evolving diagnostic and treatment modalities of primary and secondary malignant gliomas of the central nervous system. The etiology of this enigmatic disease remains obscure, and a curative therapy is still not available. Nevertheless, as a result of changing paradigms in neuroanatomy, neuropathology, neurophysiology, neuroradiology and in neurosurgery, and taking into account the broader selection of adjuvant therapies available, well circumscribed malignant gliomas, which are in predilected compartments of the brain, can be efficiently resected. Good life quality and a respectable survival time are achieved in the majority of patients.

Brain Neoplasms↗