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PubMed2006

Actin cytoskeleton derangement induces apoptosis in renal ischemia/reperfusion.

UNLABELLED: This study evaluated whether cytoskeletal alterations during the ischemic conditions associated with kidney preservation could determine apoptosis. Cytoskeletal alterations are among the main effects of ischemia and may induce apoptosis. Rat kidneys were preserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for 24 h. Some groups of animals underwent 45 min of warm ischemia (WI) to evaluate its effect on both the actin cytoskeleton and apoptosis (assessed by caspase-3 activity and TUNEL staining). Swinholide A (SwinA) and Latrunculin B (LB), two actin cytoskeleton-targeted agents, were administered to assess the effect of direct actin disruption on apoptosis. Jasplakinolide (JP), a compound that stabilizes actin filaments, was administered to evaluate the effect of actin stabilization. Apoptosis was evaluated at 3 h of ex vivo reperfusion using the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK) model. RESULTS: Apoptosis increased during reperfusion with WI or administration of actin disruptor agents. Administration of stabilizing agents reversed apoptosis in kidneys that had previously undergone WI or had received an actin disruptor agent. CONCLUSION: The disruption of the actin cytoskeleton during ischemic conditions associated with kidney preservation induces apoptosis upon reperfusion through caspase-3 activation.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗

PubMed2006

Spatial sampling for night levels estimation in urban environments.

The procedure for spatial sampling in order to find out the relation between L(day) and L(night) for urban noise is presented. From that data, other parameters like L(dn) or L(den) can be easily obtained from L(day) values. To this end, a long-term measuring campaign was carried out in eight cities of different types and sizes in northeastern Spain. The statistical treatment of the measures was based on a characterization of the streets in view of their type, including factors such as traffic and land use, which enabled a final classification of six types of streets. The results show that streets of the same type located in different cities do not have the same value for L(day)-L(night), due to socioeconomic factors, but analyzed city by city have a close to normal (or t-Student) distribution. Under this behavior, it is demonstrated that a sample of between 14 and 25 points, depending on the city characteristics, is needed in order to calculate L(day)-L(night), with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of +/- 1 dB(A).

Acoustics↗