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Biomedical subjects

M Genty

Publications and source records attributed to M Genty.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Impact of functional restoration programs on fears, avoidance and beliefs in chronic low back pain patients].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of functional restoration programs on fears, avoidance and beliefs in chronic low back pain. METHODS: Open prospective study in eight spine centers. Seventy patients enrolled in several restoration programs were evaluated before and at the end of the program. Variables recorded were pain (VAS), disability (Quebec back pain disability scale), handicap (VAS), anxiety and depression (HAD scale), and fears, avoidance and beliefs (FABQ). RESULTS: All variables recorded significantly improved at the end of the programs except for fears about professional activities (FABQ1) and lumbar mobility. Fears about physical activities (FABQ2) significantly decreased after these programs. Variations in FABQ1 and FABQ2 scores were not correlated with variations in scores of outcome measures assessing impairment, disability, and handicap. CONCLUSION: Functional restoration programs in their current form in France do not decrease fears and beliefs about professional activities in chronic low back pain patients. Adding psychosocial intervention at the work place to the functional restoration programs may lead to a better impact on fears about work thus reducing work loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Role of orthoses in ligament injuries of the knee].

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for the benefits of the three different knee braces (prophylactic, rehabilitation, functional) that can be used to treat ligament injuries of the knee. What is their influence on stability? Do they have adverse effects? Is their use justified? METHODS: We searched the Medline and Embase databases with use of the keywords knee, orthoses, brace, proprioception, stability, rehabilitation, physical therapy, and anterior cruciate ligament for reports published between 1980 and 2003 and selected 93 articles, expert reports or literature reviews. RESULTS: Anterior tibial displacement can be controlled with mechanical strains (150 N), which are lower than physiological restraints? (400 N). The control of joint position is improved by increasing proprioception. Soft tissue stiffness influences the control of anterior tibial displacement. The beneficial effects observed are mainly subjective. Our analysis of the literature showed limitations and variations in study methodologies. CONCLUSION: We did not find any justification for use of either prophylactic or rehabilitation braces. Functional braces can improve stability, as reported by the patient, and may be used in some situations.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2004

[Evolution in prostheses for sprinters with lower-limb amputation].

For about 15 years, technical advances in prosthetic treatment have been the main factor in the increased performance of athletes with lower-limb amputation. For trans-tibial amputation, the prosthesis for sprinting is composed of a gel liner and a socket joined by a locking or virtual vacuum liner. Because of these dynamic properties, the carbon prosthetic foot equipped with tacks ensures outstanding performance. For trans-femoral amputation, a hydraulic swing and a stance control unit are added to the same prosthesis. In comparison with the able-bodied runner, athletes with amputation have smaller loading times in the prosthetic limb and larger ones in the sound limb. The length of the energy-storing prosthetic foot is determined by the "up-on-the-toes" running gait. The sprinting gait with trans-tibial amputation is almost symmetrical. The hip extensor effort is the main compensation of propulsion reduction with lower-limb amputation. With trans-femoral amputation, the lack of knee increases the asymmetry. The total prosthetic knee extension (early in late-swing phase and lasting during total stance phase) compensates with extension of both hips, especially the opposite one. The amputation and sound limb load transfer with lumbar hyperlordosis concern the pelvis, trunk and shoulders. Because of athletes with amputation, research in prosthetic treatment has progressed. The development of orthotics and prostheses for such athletes has benefited non-athletes with amputation.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed2003

Effect of conjugated FA on feed intake, body composition, and liver FA in mice.

CLA is a generic term describing different isomers of linoleic acid with two conjugated double bonds. Various metabolic effects have been demonstrated following administration of CLA, including a change in body composition in animals. However, the effects of pure CLA isomers are not fully understood. In addition, conjugated octadecatrienoic acids such as calendic acid have not been extensively investigated. In this study, male and female ICR mice were fed pure CLA isomers (cis9,trans11 or trans10,cis12) or calendic acid (trans8,trans10,cis12) as their ethyl esters for 6 wk. Body protein content was significantly increased after feeding CLA isomers, either as pure isomers or as a mixture. Calendic acid significantly decreased body fat content in males. CLA (pure isomers or a mixture) significantly decreased body fat in both males and females, with the trans10,cis12 isomer being the most effective. The effect of the cis9,trans11 isomer was more pronounced in females than in males. It was concluded that the trans10,cis12 CLA isomer was mainly responsible for the decrease in fat content in mice, without a significant modification of feed efficiency, and that it was more effective than calendic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Determination of the passive absorption through the rat intestine using chromatographic indices and molar volume.

Immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) chromatography coupled to physicochemical descriptors was evaluated to model the passive intestinal absorption of drugs through rat gut sacs. The chromatographic capacity factors (logk'(IAM)) of 12 structurally diverse compounds were determined on a IAM PC DD2 column. The passive permeabilities (P(a)) of the drugs were determined through rat everted gut sacs or through non-everted sacs for actively transported molecules. Correlation studies between logk'(IAM), physicochemical descriptors and P(a) were conducted by stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN). MLR and BPNN showed that logk'(IAM) was the descriptor which correlated best with P(a). Considering the molar volume as an additional descriptor, the correlation was improved. Retention indices on IAM and the molar volume can be used concurrently to predict passive drug absorption.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Kinetic parameters of hepatic oxidation of cyclic fatty acid monomers formed from linoleic and linolenic acids.

Cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) occur from linoleic (CFAM-18:2) or linolenic (CFAM-18:3) acids present in some edible oils as a result of domestic frying or industrial refining. They present adverse effects in pups and weaning rats. In the present work, we studied the importance of hepatic oxidation in the metabolism of CFAM. For this purpose, kinetic parameters of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I (key enzyme of the channeling of the fatty acids into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway) and Acyl CoA Oxidase (key enzyme of the peroxisomal oxidation pathway) towards CFAM-18:2 and CFAM-18:3 were calculated on hepatic sub-cellular fractions of rats. For mitochondrial oxidation of CFAM, we observed a lower oxygen consumption and a lower activity of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase compared to 18:2w6 and 16:0. For peroxisomal oxidation, CFAM-18:2 showed the same kinetic parameters (Vm and K(0.5)) as 18:2w6 and 16:0, used for oxidative controls, whereas CFAM-18:3 presented a lower Vm (-50%). This difference should induce a lower catabolism of CFAM-18:3 in liver. This could contribute to their accumulation and probably to their toxic effect.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipid-metabolizing enzymes in male rats.

Male weanling Wistar rats (n = 15), weighing 200-220 g, were allocated for 6 wk to diets containing 1% (by weight) of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), either as the 9c,11 t-isomer, the 10t,12c-isomer, or as a mixture containing 45% of each of these isomers. The five rats of the control group received 1% of oleic acid instead. Selected enzyme activities were determined in different tissues after cellular subfractionation. None of the CLA-diet induced a hepatic peroxisome-proliferation response, as evidenced by a lack of change in the activity of some characteristic enzymes [i.e., acyl-CoA oxidase, CYP4A1, but also carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I)] or enzyme affected by peroxisome-proliferators (glutathione S-transferase). In addition to the liver, the activity of the rate-limiting beta-oxidation enzyme in mitochondria, CPT-I, did not change either in skeletal muscle or in heart. Conversely, its activity increased more than 30% in the control value in epididymal adipose tissue of the animals fed the CLA-diets containing the 10t,12c-isomer. Conversely, the activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, a rate-limiting enzyme in glycerolipid neosynthesis, remained unchanged in adipose tissue. Kinetic studies conducted on hepatic CPT-I and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase with CoA derivatives predicted a different channeling of CLA isomers through the mitochondrial or the peroxisomal oxidation pathways. In conclusion, the 10t,12c-CLA isomer seems to be more efficiently utilized by the cells than its 9c,11t homolog, though the Wistar rat species appeared to be poorly responsive to CLA diets for the effects measured.

Acyl-CoA Oxidase↗
PubMed2000

Incorporation and metabolism of trans 20:5 in endothelial cells. Effect on prostacyclin synthesis.

To study the ability of long-chain trans fatty acids (FA) to be incorporated and metabolized into endothelial cells, bovine aortic endothelial cells were incubated with medium enriched eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) bound to albumin (M2) or one of its geometrical isomers: 20:5 5c,8c,11t,14c,17c (M3), 20:5 5c,8c,11c,14c,17t (M4), or 20:5 5c,8c,11t,14c,17t (M5). After 48 h of incubation, supernatant and cells were harvested and their lipids were analyzed, including prostacyclin synthesis. EPA and 22:5n-3 of endothelial cells incubated with M2 were, respectively, three and two times higher than in control cells (incubated in M1, without any fatty acid added), whereas 22:6n-3 increased only in the supernatant, suggesting its release after biosynthesis. However, 18:2n-6 and 22:4n-6 decreased (about 30%). Trans 20:5 isomers represented 4.7, 3.9, and 5.2% of total phospholipid FA in endothelial cells incubated with M3, M4, and M5, respectively. They were elongated into trans 22:5 and trans 24:5, as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared analysis. In cells incubated with M2, M3, M4, and M5, prostacyclin synthesis was inhibited by 49.0, 62.5, 60.5, and 72.0%, respectively. This effect may be due to less available arachidonic acid in the cells and to a competition between EPA isomers and AA at the level of cyclooxygenase pathway, as it was demonstrated that 20:5 delta17t was metabolized by this enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cyclic fatty acid monomers from heated oil modify the activities of lipid synthesizing and oxidizing enzymes in rat liver.

Cyclic fatty acid monomers purified from a heated linseed oil were given for 2 wk to adult rats as triacylglycerol at two dose levels, i.e., 0.1 and 1 g/100 g diet, to determine their effect on some aspects of lipid metabolism. Indirect evidence of a peroxisome proliferator-like effect was observed, as determined by an elevation of some characteristic enzyme activities, such as peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase, and the microsomal omega- but also (omega-1)-laurate hydroxylase (CYP4A1 and CYP2E1, respectively). The dietary cyclic fatty acids induced a coordinated regulation between the activities of the lipogenic enzymes studied (Delta9-desaturase, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase) and peroxisomal oxidation, but not with mitochondrial beta-oxidation. The dose-dependent decrease of Delta9-desaturase activity (P < 0.05) with cyclic fatty acid monomer intake was accompanied by a similar decrease of the monounsaturated fatty acid level in liver. The increase in the gamma-linolenic acid level also suggested an increase in Delta6-desaturase activity with cyclic fatty acid intake (P < 0.05). In addition, our results strongly suggested that the altered liver levels of eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids were due to the peroxisomal retroconversion process in rats fed cyclic acids. Finally, an effect of these cyclic compounds on the carbohydrate metabolism cannot be disregarded because they decreased liver glycogen concentration. We conclude that cyclic fatty acid monomers affect different aspects of lipid metabolism, including a phenotypic peroxisome proliferator response. This provides the ground for further studies investigating the biochemical pathways that underlie the nutritional effect of such molecules.

Acyl-CoA Oxidase↗