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Biomedical subjects

M Gerosa

Publications and source records attributed to M Gerosa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Further studies on clotting changes in patients with cerebral sinus thrombosis. A case with thrombosis of right transverse sinus.

A 28 year old woman with angiographically proven thrombosis of right cerebral transverse sinus was studied from a clotting point of view. The changes noted were decreased fibrinolytic activity and increased collagen platelet aggregation. The patient presented loss of consciousness, aphasia, mental confusion, migh right hemiparesis, papilloedema. The treatment with dipyridamole, aspirin and a nicotinic acid derivative was followed by good results. After about a month the fundus reverted to normal. A clotting study is indicative in every patient with cerebral venous thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Exophthalmos from aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbital roof.

An aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbital roof, causing a monolateral exophthalmos in a 15-month-old child with no previous history of head injury, was operated upon and histologically misdiagnosed as a giant cell tumor. Radiation treatment in a dosage (3,740 rad) appropriate for the latter diagnosis apparently caused a massive calcification of the residual mass with persisting exophthalmos. At a second operation the lesion was removed completely and a radical change in the histopathological features was found. 12 years after surgery, there is no evidence of residuals upon roentgenographic and CT scan examinations and the exophthalmos has practically disappeared, while there is a normal visual function in the affected eye. Some points of histopathological and gross pathological differential diagnosis between aneurysmal bone cysts and giant cell ("myeloplaxis") tumors are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Intracranial aneurysms of childhood.

15 cases of cerebral aneurysms in children between 8 and 15 years of age, all operated upon in a 20-year span (1956--1976), are reported. 7 of them were the carriers of large aneurysms (3 'giant'). Surgical mortality was limited to 2 patients with aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery and large intracerebral hematomas. All other patients are in satisfactory conditions, with a follow-up ranging from 2 to 22 years. A direct approach to the aneurysm was used in all but 3 cases. Certain features of cerebral aneurysms in children are discussed pertinently to this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Anterior optic gliomas with precocious or pseudoprecocious puberty.

5 patients with gliomas of the anterior optic pathways, histologically assessed or with strong diagnostic evidence, who developed precocious or pseudoprecocious puberty (2 cases) before the operation or after radiation treatment, are presented. Only 2 patients presented familial and/or personal evidence of neurofibromatosis. The production mechanism of these sexual changes is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Tuberculoma of the anterior optic pathways. Case report.

A tuberculoma, encasing the anterior optic pathways in a neoplastiform growth, was found in a 25-year-old man complaining of severe visual loss, diabetes insipidus, and sexual impotence following tuberculous meningitis. Following biopsy and anti-tuberculosis treatment, a satisfactory restoration of sight in one eye allowed the patient to resume an almost normal life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Combined treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma. A review of an integrated program )two-arm chemotherapy trial).

29 out of 34 consecutive patients of pediatric age, operated upon for posterior fossa medulloblastoma, were divided into 2 groups according to the chemotherapeutic treatment (intrathecal methotrexate or intravenous cyclophosphamide) received at random after surgery and radiation treatment. The modalities of irradiation and chemotherapy are described. 9 patients have not yet shown a local recurrence and are alive at varous intervals after surgery. Only 1 patient with local recurrence is still alive 31 months after the primary operation. The mean actuarial survival of the whole series of patients is about 38 months. Differences between the two groups, concerning either the survival rate till local recurrence, or the general and neurologic conditions of survival, are not statistically significant. Hematologic toxicity was more pronounced in the group treated with cyclophosphamide, whereas late neurologic sequelae were a more prominent feature of the intrathecal methotrexate trial.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Immunobiology of paediatric intracranial tumours. A preliminary report.

Preliminary findings in the evaluation of the immune response of children with primary neoplasms of the CNS, mainly medulloblastomas, are reported and discussed. A broad scheme for the monitoring of B- and T-cell-dependent immunity and of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in this type of patient is presented. The most important immunobiological findings are discussed. Special attention is given to the striking failure of the T-cell-dependent pool (currently identified by "active" RFC and blastigenesis tests) and to the remarkable decrease of hypersensitivity reactions (depressed skin-test response), both of which seem to be related to the degree of malignancy of the tumour. A very peculiar feature, i.e., the appearance of cells with natural cytotoxic activity, is dealt with in some detail. Our present knowledge concerning the immunobiology of primary CNS neoplasms is still very incomplete, but seems to suggest a possible role for immunotherapy in paediatric neurosurgery.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

CSF levels of cyclic nucleotides in primary intracranial neoplasms: a preliminary report.

Recent evidence indicates that cyclic nucleotides are of importance for general and neurosurgical oncology, especially with respect to the contact-inhibition mechanisms and tumour cell growth. This preliminary report deals with the CSF levels of c-AMP and c-GMP in primary neoplasms in children and to problems related to the blood-brain barrier. Some cases of medulloblastoma were studied as well as a few cases of brain stem glioma and cystic astrocytoma. The importance of some rather unusual findings seems undebatable, i.e., the marked increase in c-GMP values usually observed in medulloblastoma and the decrease of c-AMP, that is fairly common in all malignant neoplasms. The main changes in the c-AMP/c-GMP ratio are also discussed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1979

Opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis: a review of traditional neuroradiological diagnosis (82 cases, 1951--1976).

A retrospective appraisal of traditional neuroradiological techniques (such as direct röntgenograms, cerebral angiography RISA-cisternography, and pneumo-cisterno-encephalography, as opposed to the "new" technique of computer-assisted tomography) was carried out in a series of 82 cases of opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis, all surgically verified. It is concluded that none of these examinations can provide a reliable diagnosis of opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis, which preoperatively can only be a tentative diagnosis that becomes final only when confirmed by surgical findings. In the presence of certain progressive neuro-ophthalmological symptoms and signs, a negative neuro-radiological investigation should not deter the neurosurgeon from exploring the chiasmatic region. Computer-assisted tomography, of which the authors have no personal experience in these cases, may hold the future answer to the diagnostic problem.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1979

Histiocytosis 'X' of the central nervous system. Clinical and pathological report of a case with predominant cerebellar involvement.

The case is presented of a child with early manifestations of Hand-Schüller-Christian disease limited to exophthalmos, and rapid final progression towards a clinical picture dominated by intracranial hypertension and cerebellar involvement, caused by massive histiocytic infiltration of the cerebellum, combined with discrete subdural deposits of xanthomatous tissue and minor deposits in other parts of the central nervous system and other organs.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis in brothers.

Six patients (3 couples of brothers) with adhesive arachnoiditis of the opto-chiasmatic cistern, surgically verified, are presented. Only one couple of brothers offered a possible family history of a similar condition in one maternal uncle. The visual damage had almost constantly a sudden onset and was predominantly of the axial type. No gross pathology, other than the arachnoiditic involvement of the chiasmal cistern and alterations of the anterior optic pathways, was found at surgery. Pneumocisternoencephalographic findings did not prove constantly reliable for a preoperative diagnosis of the condition when compared with surgical pathology. The overall results of the neurosurgical operations (exploration of the chiasm and removal of the adhesions) can be considered as favorable and this type of treatment is once again recommended as the therapy of choice without undue delay when general or local medical treatment proves of no avail after a reasonable length of time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ocular involvement in recurrent cyst of Rathke's cleft: Case report.

Cysts of Rathke's cleft are considered as benign lesions, a practically permanent cure of which can be achieved by aspiration of the fluid content and ample opening of the capsule. The case of a patient who suffered from a recurrence of the cyst, 13 years after a first operation carried out according to such surgical criteria, is reported in order to signal the actual possibility of recurrence of such lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intracerebral venous angiomas as a cause of exophthalmos.

Three cases of an infrequent cerebral vascular malformation, venous angioma, are reported. The first 2 of these cases, with the lesion in a supratentorial location, exhibited exophthalmos as a presenting symptom, together with palpebral or intraobital angiomatous formations, and also impairment of visual function. The first patient was operated upon and the "venous angioma" could be confirmed histologically. An angiographic follow-up of the same patient at an 18 year interval was also possible. The diagnostic work-up to be performed in cases of exophthalmos is discussed and the need for angiography is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Choroid plexus carcinoma. Case report.

Plexus-chorioideus carcinomata or malignant plexus papillomas are very rare; only few cases have been described in the literature. A further observation is added now. In a 13-year-old girl, signs of brain pressure occured two weeks before admission to a hospital. Scintigraphy and vertebral angiography showed a process in the atrium of the right lateral ventricle which was removed by temporo-parietal trephination. The tumour had the size of an apricot and a reddish colouration, it proceeded from the plexus. After-irradiation with 5 000 rad. Six years after the operation, signs of brain pressure appeared again. Neuroradiologically the process was located in the right cerebellar hemisphere. After trephination of the cerebellum, the largely vascularised tumour, which appeared to originate from the tela choroidea of the 4th ventricle, could be removed. The further course was without pathological findings. Histologically, the typical criteria were found: Invasion of surrounding brain structures, loss of the regular papillary structure, malignisation of the cells and originating from the plexus choroideus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cystic suprasellar and retrosellar arachnoiditis: a clinical and pathologic follow-up case report.

A patient, previously operated upon for a supra-and retrosellar arachnoid cyst, had again to undergo surgery for a recurrence and died in the early postoperative course. The gross and microscopic pathologic evidence obtained through necropsy is described: it seems to confirm the inflammatory nature of the arachnoid cyst, thus legitimating the term cystic optochiasmatic arachnoiditis used for the description of the same case in a previous report.

Arachnoiditis↗