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Biomedical subjects

M Glassman

Publications and source records attributed to M Glassman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Patient satisfaction with an injection device for multiple sclerosis treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a measure of treatment satisfaction assessing attributes specific to injected interferon-beta-1a (IFN-beta-1a) for multiple sclerosis (MS), and to test pain and instrument sensitivity to change among patients changing injection devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MS Treatment Concerns Questionnaire (MSTCQ) was developed and tested with pain assessments before and 3 months after patients changed devices from Rebiject to Rebiject II. RESULTS: The MSTCQ was organized with two domains: Injection System Satisfaction and Side Effects (three subscales: Injection Site Reactions, Global Satisfaction, and Flu-Like Symptoms). Significant improvements (P = 0.002 to P < 0.001) occurred with the new injection device in all MSTCQ subscales (except Flu-Like Symptoms), and all pain measures (P < 0.0001). Clinically meaningful improvement was demonstrated in all scales, except Flu-Like Symptoms, by effect sizes (0.23-0.59). CONCLUSIONS: These statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in MSTCQ and pain measures show the value of technologically advanced devices in domains of concern to patients.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2001

p160 Bcr mediates platelet-derived growth factor activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells.

BACKGROUND: The human Bcr gene was originally identified by its presence in the chimeric Bcr/Abl oncogene, which is causative for chronic myeloblastic leukemia. Because Bcr encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase, we studied its kinase activity and determined the role of Bcr in the PDGF signaling pathway to ERK1/2 activation and DNA synthesis in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS: In RASMCs, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) stimulated Bcr kinase activity, with a maximum at 1 minute. Because phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K) is essential for Bcr/Abl leukemogenesis, we evaluated the role of mouse PDGF-beta-receptor binding sites for PI3-K (Y708, Y719) and for phospholipase C-gamma (Y977, Y989) in PDGF-mediated Bcr kinase activation. The mutant PDGF receptor Y708F/Y719F but not Y977F/Y989F showed significantly reduced Bcr kinase activity. To determine the role of Bcr in PDGF-mediated signal transduction events leading to ERK1/2 and its downstream Elk1 transcription activation, wild-type (WT) and kinase-negative (KN) Bcr were transiently expressed in RASMCs. Bcr WT enhanced, whereas Bcr KN inhibited, PDGF-stimulated ERK1/2 and Elk1 transcriptional activity. Overexpression of Bcr also enhanced PDGF-induced Ras/Raf-1 activity and DNA synthesis, but this regulation is independent of the kinase activity of Bcr. Finally, we found that Bcr expression was increased in the neointimal layer after balloon injury of rat carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the importance of Bcr in PDGF-mediated events, such as activation of Ras, Raf-1, ERK1/2, and Elk1, and stimulation of DNA synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Src and multiple MAP kinase activation in cardiac hypertrophy and congestive heart failure under chronic pressure-overload: comparison with acute mechanical stretch.

Activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family and their downstream effectors has been proposed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of cell survival, ischaemic preconditioning, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This study investigated the responses of Src kinase and multiple MAP kinases during the transition from compensated pressure-overload hypertrophy to decompensated congestive heart failure. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and Src were activated by chronic pressure-overload and their activity was sustained for 8 weeks after aortic banding. In contrast, while p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (90RSK) and big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1) were activated in compensated hypertrophy, their activities were significantly decreased in hearts with heart failure. No changes were found in C-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) activity after aortic banding. These data suggest that differential activation of MAP kinase family members may contribute to the transition from compensated to decompensated hypertrophy. We also examined acute effects of mechanical stretch on the activation of these kinases in normal and hypertrophied hearts. In the isolated coronary-perfused heart, a balloon in the left ventricle was inflated to achieve minimum end-diastolic pressure of 25 mmHg for 10-20 min. In normal guinea pig hearts, stretch activated ERK1/2, p90RSK, p38, Src, and BMK1 but not JNK. However in hypertrophied hearts, further activation of these kinases was not observed by acute mechanical stretch. Mechanical stretch-induced activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase in normal hearts was attenuated significantly by a protein kinase C inhibitor, chelerythrine. We demonstrate that ERK1/2, p90RSK, p38, Src, and BMK1 are activated by chronic pressure-overload and by acute mechanical stretch. These data suggest that Src, BMK1 and p90RSK play a role as novel signal transduction pathways leading to cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, the differential inhibition of p90RSK and BMK1 in hearts with congestive heart failure suggests the specific role of these two kinases to maintain cardiac function under chronic pressure-overload.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2001

Src family kinase and adenosine differentially regulate multiple MAP kinases in ischemic myocardium: modulation of MAP kinases activation by ischemic preconditioning.

Recent studies suggest that ischemia activates Src and members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily and their downstream effectors, including big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK). It has also been reported that adenosine is released during ischemia and involved in triggering the protective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning. To assess the roles of Src and adenosine in ischemia-induced MAP kinases activation, we utilized the Src inhibitor PP2 (4-Amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) and the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl) theophylline (SPT) in perfused guinea pig hearts. PP2 (1 microm) inhibited ischemia-induced Src, BMK1 and JNK activation but not JAK2 and p38 activation. SPT inhibited ischemia-mediated p38 and JNK activation. These results demonstrate that Src family kinase and adenosine regulate MAP kinases by parallel pathways. Preconditioning significantly improved both recovery of developed pressure and dp/dt in isolated guinea pig hearts. Since the protective effect of preconditioning was blocked by PP2 (1 microm) and SPT (50 microm), we next investigated the regulation of Src, MAP kinases and p90RSK during preconditioning. The activity and time course of ERK1/2 was not changed, but p90RSK activation by reperfusion was completely inhibited by preconditioning. In contrast, the activation by ischemia of Src, BMK1, p38 and JNK was significantly faster in preconditioned hearts. Maximal BMK1 activation by ischemia was also significantly enhanced by preconditioning. These data suggest important roles for Src family kinases and adenosine in mediating preconditioning, and suggest specific roles for individual MAP kinases in preconditioning.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2001

Bcr in vascular smooth muscle cells involvement of Ras and Raf-1 activation by Bcr.

Bcr gene was originally identified by its presence in the chimeric Bcr/Abl oncogene. In vascular smooth muscle cells, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) stimulated Bcr kinase activity. The mutant PDGF receptor for PI3-K, but not for PLC-gamma binding sites, showed significantly reduced Bcr kinase activity. Bcr wild-type enhanced, whereas Bcr kinase negative form inhibited PDGF-stimulated ERK1/2 activity. A dominant negative Ras did not inhibit Bcr kinase activation, and overexpression of Bcr increased Ras/Raf-1 activity and DNA synthesis. These results demonstrated the importance of Bcr in PDGF-mediated events such as activation of Ras, Raf-1, and ERK1/2 and stimulation of DNA synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Perceived control, coping efficacy, and avoidance coping as mediators between spouses' unsupportive behaviors and cancer patients' psychological distress.

This study examined whether avoidance, coping efficacy, and perceived control mediate the effects of spouses' unsupportive behaviors on patient psychological distress among 191 married individuals enrolled in cancer treatment. Results of the structural equation analyses suggested that avoidance and coping efficacy mediated the relationship between spouses' unsupportive behaviors and patient psychological distress. Perceived control of emotional aspects of the illness, including emotional responses and relationships with family and friends, and perceived control of the medical course of the cancer did not mediate the relationship between spouses' unsupportive behaviors and patient psychological distress. These findings suggest 2 mechanisms to explain why unsupportive responses from spouses may be associated with psychological distress among cancer patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Risk factors for poor health-related quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: To examine potential risk factors for poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adolescents with epilepsy by using the newly developed QOLIE-AD-48. Risk factors were derived from sociodemographic, social, academic, and epilepsy- and health-related domains. METHODS: The QOLIE-AD-48 was administered to 197 English-speaking adolescents (age 11-17 years from >20 sites in the United States and in Canada). The self-report instrument yields an overall HRQOL score and eight subscale scores. Other data were obtained from family interviews, physician reports, and health records. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to study risk factors for impairment of HRQOL. RESULTS: Older adolescents (age 14-17 years), those with more severe epilepsy and more symptoms of neurotoxicity, and those living in households with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to report poor overall HRQOL. Risk factors in the eight HRQOL domains were found as follows: (a) Epilepsy Impact: older age in adolescence, more severe epilepsy and neurotoxicity, more hospitalizations during the past year, and fewer hours of extracurricular activities; (b) Memory and Concentration: longer duration of epilepsy, special education classes, and history of repeating a grade in school; (c) Attitude Toward Illness: older age, female gender, and more severe epilepsy and neurotoxicity; (d) Social Support: younger age, male gender, and fewer hospitalizations in the last year; (e) Stigma: lower socioeconomic status and special-education classes; and (f) Health Perceptions: older age, female gender, and lower socioeconomic status. None of the factors examined was significantly associated with HRQOL in (g) Physical Functioning or (h) School Behavior subscales. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several risk factors for poor HRQOL outcomes in adolescents with epilepsy. Age, increased seizure severity, and neurotoxicity were most consistently associated with poor HRQOL across domains. Older adolescents, independent of epilepsy severity, reported worse overall HRQOL than did their younger counterparts. Older adolescents also were more likely to perceive a greater negative impact on life and general health, and had more negative attitudes toward epilepsy. Adolescent boys and girls may show different sensitivities to various quality-of-life domains.

Achievement↗
PubMed1999

The moderating effects of gender and ethnicity on the relationship between effect expectancies and alcohol problems.

OBJECTIVE: Research has demonstrated that alcohol outcome expectancies moderate the relationship between psychological states such as stress and negative affect and alcohol use. This study examined whether the relationship between expectancies and alcohol problems would be moderated by gender and ethnicity. METHOD: Using a household survey format, personal interviews were conducted with Puerto Rican and Irish American men and women. The final sample consisted of 412 (231 male) Puerto Ricans and 476 (252 male) Irish Americans. Alcohol expectancies were measured with the Effects of Drinking Alcohol Scale. All subjects resided in the New York metropolitan area. The original study was designed to compare the drinking behaviors and alcohol-related beliefs of groups with varied drinking practices and distinct drinking beliefs. RESULTS: Both gender and ethnicity moderated the links between aggressive and self-control expectancies and drinking problems. For example, anticipated loss of control from drinking was more negatively related to Puerto Rican and female alcohol problems than it was to Irish and male problems. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that whether an outcome expectancy is associated with more alcohol problems depends upon the particular meaning of the outcome. This meaning, in turn, depends upon an individual's particular sociocultural perspective which is associated with such personal characteristics as gender and ethnicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The relationship between ethnicity, gender and alcohol consumption: a strategy for testing competing models.

AIM: This study tested mediator, moderator and main effects models to determine the pattern of relationships between ethnicity, gender, temperament, and alcohol use. DESIGN: A large-scale survey was employed. Respondents were interviewed in their homes. Participants were 523 Puerto Rican and 490 Irish American adults residing in the New York metropolitan area. MEASURES: Quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption were assessed with standard measures, and recent drinking problems with the substance abuse module of the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument. FINDINGS: Rather than supporting a complex, nested model, the findings supported a main effects model and indicated that each of the three predictors was related to one or more drinking measure. While gender strongly influenced each drinking behavior, ethnicity only influenced frequency, and temperament only influenced recent drinking problems. CONCLUSIONS: The results support previous studies indicating consistent male-female drinking differences while highlighting a statistical strategy for comparing competing models of ethnic drinking behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Esophageal dysmotility elicited by acid perfusion in children with esophagitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of acid reflux-induced dysmotility in the genesis of noncardiac chest pain in children. METHOD: We performed esophageal manometries during intraesophageal perfusion with 0.9% NaCl or 0.1 N HCl in 19 children (age, 14.5 +/- 0.5 yr) with gastroesophageal reflux, biopsy-proven esophagitis, and complaints of at least one episode of chest pain per day. RESULTS: Baseline esophageal motilities were normal in all patients. Eight of 19 children (42%) complained of chest pain during intraesophageal acid perfusion. In three of these eight patients, complaints of chest pain during acid perfusion were temporally associated with "conversion" of previously normal motility patterns to manometric tracings, indicating esophageal dysmotility. Compared with findings during saline perfusion, esophageal acid exposure in these three children resulted in significant increases in both the duration (13.6 +/- 4.0 vs 3.2 +/- 0.2 s, p < 0.05) and amplitude (105.2 +/- 7.8 vs 61.2 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, p < 0.05) of esophageal contractions during wet swallows. Symptoms of chest pain resolved in all patients after therapy with H2-receptor antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: These data represent the first demonstration of acid-induced esophageal dysmotility in children with chest pain and suggest that reflux-induced motor abnormalities contribute to the onset and/or exacerbation of chest pain in pediatric patients with gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Gastroesophageal reflux in children. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common occurrence during infancy. Most children have physiologic reflux that is of little consequence and requires minimal intervention. Pathologic GER, characterized by irritability, apnea, poor weight gain, or respiratory compromise, often requires diagnostic evaluation and aggressive treatment. A framework to help the clinician to understand the pathogenesis, natural history, diagnostic testing, and therapy of this disorder is presented in this article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sudden infant death syndrome prevention and an understanding of selected clinical issues.

The etiology and prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are among the more frustrating topics in pediatrics. This article addresses several clinically relevant issues, including the relationships between apnea and SIDS, the nature of the "terminal event," effectiveness of home monitoring, the role of gastroesophageal reflux in apparent life-threatening events, and the association between the prone sleeping position and SIDS. This article is intended to provide the clinician with an awareness of the issues and the scientific basis needed to understand their contribution to SIDS.

Bradycardia↗
PubMed1994

Peptic ulcer disease in children.

Although much of the understanding of the pathogenesis of ulcer disease is derived from data studying adults, there are certain manifestations and presentations that differentiate ulcers in children from those seen in adults. Therapy is aimed at reducing acid or improving mucosal defense. The recent recognition of the association of Helicobacter pylori with acid peptic disease has added to our understanding of the disease process and opened new avenues of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Breast-feeding and maternal smoking in the etiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in childhood.

Medical records concerning pediatric or adolescent patients first diagnosed with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in two New York hospitals during a 5-year period (1986 to 1990) were abstracted, and information concerning sex, age, race, birthplace, sibship size, birth order, maternal age at birth, month of birth, duration of breast-feeding, and maternal smoking was recorded. Medical records of patients presenting at the respective pediatric gastroenterology departments immediately before or after the patients with inflammatory bowel disease were seen were also abstracted in order to generate a control series. Data concerning 68 patients with Crohn's disease, 39 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 202 control patients were analyzed through multiple logistic regression. Breast-feeding was negatively associated with Crohn's disease (P approximately 0.04) and ulcerative colitis (P approximately 0.07), with relative risk point estimates around 0.5 and with evidence of duration-dependent trends in both instances. There was no evidence of association of either disease with maternal age at birth, birth order, maternal smoking, or season of birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules in children.

BACKGROUND: Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules were originally described as a reaction to irritation in association with urostomies. These changes have not been described as occurring on the perianal skin or around colostomies. OBSERVATIONS: Five children had remarkably similar-appearing papules and nodules of the perianal and suprapubic skin. The rash consisted of more than a dozen 2- to 8-mm shiny, smooth, red, moist, flat-topped, round lesions. This peculiar and striking reaction appears to be the result of encopresis or urinary incontinence. Biopsy specimens reveal reactive acanthosis or psoriasiform spongiotic dermatitis. The lesions regress when the irritating factor is removed. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of this entity is important because pseudoverrucous papules and nodules may mimic more serious dermatoses and unnecessary workup may be initiated. Although this reaction involving perianal skin has not been reported previously, we believe it is not uncommon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Endoscopic removal of inflammatory esophagogastric polyps in children.

Two adolescent patients with inflammatory esophagogastric polyps (IEPs) are presented. In each case, the patients complained of chest pain and dysphagia. In one patient, there was no histological evidence of esophagitis in association with the IEPs. Their clinical course suggests that the presentation of IEPs in adolescents is indistinguishable from and may result in secondary gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis. In each case, endoscopic polypectomy was utilized effectively as the mode of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia preceding ulcerative proctitis.

A 12-year-old girl is described who developed rectal bleeding 5 months after being diagnosed as having a Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia. Colonoscopy showed that the rectal bleeding was due to ulcerative proctitis. This is the first case report of Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia preceding the onset of ulcerative proctitis in a child.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗