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Biomedical subjects

M Glavas

Publications and source records attributed to M Glavas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Experimental and clinical study in the treatment of sigmoid volvulus.

The aim of the study was to introduce an alternative surgical procedure for the treatment of primary volvuius of the sigmoid colon. Sigmoid colon plication was performed in 42 dogs, and afterwards in six patients. The procedure consists of systematic plaiting the sigmoid colon wall with interrupted serosubmucosal 3/0 Vicryl sutures along the whole circumference, except on the mesenteric border. Five parallel circular folds were done in dogs, and 20-30 folds in patients, with appropriate bowel length reduction. In the experimental study, dogs were randomly divided into three experimental and one control group of 14 animals each. The group 1 dogs were sacrificed on day 8, group 2 dogs on day 15, and group 3 and control group dogs on day 30 postoperatively. On exploration, sigmold colon adhesions were found in 6 (14.3%) animals. Intestinal wall and lumen were normal. In the clinical study, six patients with sigmoid volvulus were operated on within 6-8 hours of admission. A viable colon was a prerequisite for the sigmoid plication procedure. The operating time was 60-90 minutes. Recovery was uneventful, with average hospitalization 11 (range 8-15) days. No volvulus recurrence was recorded during the three-year follow-up. Based on our experimental and clinical data, we believe that the plication procedure could be appropriate treatment in some selected patients with volvulus of the sigmold colon.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Flail chest stabilization with palacos prosthesis.

The approach and management of patients with post-traumatic flail chest continue to be a controversial issue. A method of surgical stabilization of flail chest using palacos, a cement-like material is described. A ready-made prosthesis is placed on the external side of the ribs vertically bridging the flailed chest segment, and fixed to the first upper and first lower intact rib as well as to the mobile segments of the affected ribs. Surgical fixation was carried out in 56 patients. The results proved the method to be a simple and effective procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Glucocorticoid fast feedback is not altered in rats prenatally exposed to ethanol.

Animals exposed in utero to ethanol exhibit hormonal hyperresponsiveness to stressors in adulthood. One possible mechanism for this hyperresponsiveness is a deficit in negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The present study tested the hypothesis that a deficit in the fast feedback time domain may play a role in the hormonal hyperresponsiveness in ethanol-exposed rats. Sprague-Dawley offspring from prenatal ethanol (E), pair-fed (PF), and ad lib-fed control (C) groups were tested in two experiments. Experiment 1 used a swim stress paradigm and tested animals at the trough of the corticosterone (CORT) circadian rhythm. Experiment 2 used ether stress and tested animals at the peak of the circadian rhythm. Animals were injected subcutaneously with CORT or saline and were immediately subjected to either a 5-min swim stress or a 1-min ether stress. Half the animals were terminated immediately after stress (5-min postinjection), and the rest were terminated 25 min later. Plasma levels of CORT and ACTH were assayed to determine whether E animals differed from control animals in showing a CORT-induced blunting of the ACTH response to the stressor, indicating alterations in fast feedback regulation. Injection of CORT significantly blunted the ACTH response to swim stress (experiment 1) in E, PF, and C females and males, compared with their saline-injected counterparts. There were no significant differences among groups. Similarly, CORT-injected males in E, PF, and C groups all exhibited a significantly blunted ACTH response to ether stress (experiment 2). CORT-injected C females also exhibited a significantly blunted ACTH response to ether stress, whereas E females showed an obvious CORT decrease that approached significance. However, PF females showed a clear deficit in fast feedback regulation. Together, these data suggest that: (1) CORT injection can serve as a fast feedback signal that can blunt the ACTH response to a stressor; and (2) prenatal ethanol exposure does not produce a deficit in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal feedback regulation in the fast feedback time domain.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1998

Age-related decline of perforin expression in human cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

In this study a flow cytometric technique for detecting cytoplasmic perforin (P) has been used to quantify age-related changes in perforin expression in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Proportions of P+ lymphocytes increased after birth, but declined rapidly after the age of 70 years. This was true for both T cells and CD16(+) and CD56(+) natural killer (NK) cells. Children showed in addition to high levels of perforin positive CD8(+) cells a much higher proportion of CD4(+)P+ cells than the other age groups. In elderly individuals there was also a highly significant reduction in mean levels of perforin per cell as compared with all other groups (P < .05 to .001). Adult women had consistently higher mean levels of perforin per cell than adult men for all P+ cell phenotypes. Functional tests clearly showed the deficiency in early spontaneous cytotoxic potential of PBL from elderly persons due to relative P deficiency, which can be corrected by stimulation of cytolytic cells with target cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The deficiency in cytolytic activity on the contact with target cells may have implications for antiviral and antitumor immunity in elderly persons.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The hormonal effects of alcohol use on the mother and fetus.

During pregnancy, the hormonal systems of the mother and fetus are intricately interconnected to ensure normal fetal development. Accordingly, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can interfere with fetal development, not only directly, through adverse effects exerted by alcohol that crosses the placenta and enters the fetal bloodstream, but also indirectly, by disturbing the functions and interactions of maternal and fetal hormones. In both the mother and the fetus, alcohol exposure can impair the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which regulates the body's response to stress; the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which controls reproductive functions; and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, which regulates the metabolism of almost all tissues. In addition, alcohol can interfere with the activities of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors, which promote body growth and activity. Some of the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on fetal hormone systems may contribute to the adverse effects observed in children with fetal alcohol syndrome and related disorders.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1997

The STT3 protein is a component of the yeast oligosaccharyltransferase complex.

N-linked protein glycosylation is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. In the central reaction, the oligosaccharyltransferase (OTase) catalyzes the transfer of the oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNac2 from dolicholpyrophosphate onto asparagine residues of nascent polypeptide chains in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The product of the essential gene STT3 is required for OTase activity in vivo, but is not present in highly purified OTase preparations. Using affinity purification of a tagged Stt3 protein, we now demonstrate that other components of the OTase complex, namely Ost1p, Wbp1p and Swp1p, specifically co-purify with the Stt3 protein. In addition, different conditional stt3 alleles can be suppressed by overexpression of either OST3 and OST4, which encode small components of the OTase complex. These genetic and biochemical data show that the highly conserved Stt3p is a component of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

[Pancreatic resection and hypothermic peritoneal irrigation in the treatment of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis].

Mortality of non-operated patients suffering from necrotizing pancreatitis is very high, while at those operated is considerably less but not satisfactory. Because of in 1976 we have managed our own modified treatment which includes surgical removal of all necrotic tissue followed by the hypothermic continuous peritoneal lavage-drainage procedure for evacuation of residual devitalized dead tissue and elimination biologically active substances. Using this curative method, we succeeded to reduce mortality rate to 26 percent.

Adult↗