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Biomedical subjects

M Glick

Publications and source records attributed to M Glick.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A novel energy-based stochastic method for positioning polar protons in protein structures from X-rays.

A novel automated method for the optimal placement of polar hydrogens in a protein structure is presented. The algorithm adds initially, to a protein data bank file of the protein, nonrotatable hydrogens such as peptide backbone hydrogens according to geometric considerations. Then, water protons and polar side chain protons of lysine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and the C and N termini of a protein are added according to energy considerations. A unique stochastic approach has been developed to overcome a combinatorial explosion in the search for the lowest energy structure. First, the system is divided into ensembles. Each ensemble is treated separately: N conformations are sampled at random, their energies computed, whereas common components of high-energy combinations are gathered on one hand, and low-energy combinations on the other. Components that yield only high-energy conformations and do not contribute to any low energies are excluded. This is reiterated while the total amount of combinations is decreased along the iterative process. When the total number of combinations is lower than a user defined threshold, all remaining combinations are evaluated by exhaustive search. Energy evaluations use nonbonding energy expressions alone. The program was tested on five high-resolution crystal structures: bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Brookhaven Protein Data Bank file 5PTI), RNase-A (5RSA), trypsin (1NTP), and carbon monoxymyoglobin (2MB5), for which neutron diffraction structures are available, as well as phosphate binding protein (1IXH) for which very high resolution X-ray crystallography was used. The low RMS values prove the efficiency of this algorithm as a tool for positioning protons in proteins. It may be used for other biological structures.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Viral and fungal infections of the oral cavity in immunocompetent patients.

Oral lesions are easily visualized and often are signs of systemic diseases. Clinical diagnosis of viral and fungal infections can sometimes be confusing because many lesions will have similar clinical presentations. This article reviews the more common viral- and fungal-associated lesions found in the oral cavity in immunocompetent individuals. Differential diagnoses for the oral lesions are discussed and treatment options are proposed.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1999

Rheumatoid arthritis: a review and suggested dental care considerations.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is a chronic multisystem disease of presumed autoimmune etiology. It is estimated that arthritis and other rheumatic conditions affect 42.7 million Americans. Medical complications due to RA and its treatment may affect the provision of oral health care. METHODS: The authors undertook an extensive review of the English literature relating to RA and dental care. They used primarily MEDLINE searches, which included such key words as "rheumatoid arthritis" and "dental care" and subsequent appropriate subheadings. While the MEDLINE search spanned the years from 1975 to the present, the most recent literature was prioritized. Appropriate medical and dental textbooks were also used. The authors extrapolated information from selected texts based on its relevance to dentistry, oral health and the role of the dental provider in the overall treatment of RA patients. RESULTS: The authors reviewed nearly 200 articles and seven textbooks. Their determination of the texts' relevance to oral health care was based on content, significance, quality, journal in which articles were published and year of publication. Major features of RA--including its diagnosis, pathophysiology, clinical features and medical treatment--were identified, as well as complications due to treatment modalities and various related oral manifestations and conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Medical complications due to RA and its treatment can affect oral health care. Oral health care providers need to recognize and identify modifications of dental care based on the medical status of patients with RA. Furthermore, oral health care providers play an important role in the overall care of these patients as it release to early recognition, as well as control of the disease. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In most patients with RA, the condition will necessitate few or no changes in routine dental care. However, considerations include the patient's ability to maintain adequate oral hygiene, xerostomia and its related complications, the patient's susceptibility to infections, impaired hemostasis, and untoward drug actions and interactions. Patients with RA may require antibiotic prophylaxis owing to joint replacement and/or immune suppression, glucocorticosteroid replacement therapy and modifications in oral hygiene procedures. Intra- and extraoral conditions such as ulcerations, gingival overgrowth, disease-associated periodontitis and temporomandibular pathology also need to be recognized.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Know thy hepatitis: A through TT.

Several viruses have been identified as causative agents of hepatitis in humans. Other hepatotropic viruses have been implicated as potentially disease-causing. This article reviews hepatitis A virus through the newly discovered hepatitis TT virus and their implication for the profession of dentistry.

Dental Care for Chronically Ill↗
PubMed1998

Providing care in an infectious disease clinic. Why students volunteer.

This qualitative study explores the motivations of dental students who volunteered as care providers for patients identified as carriers of infectious diseases. The study involved 12 students, seven 4th year and five 3rd year students who worked 1-2.5 days per week in an infectious disease clinic in a dental school in the northeastern United States. 4 faculty members who also volunteered their time in the clinic supervised the students. Personal interviews were conducted with each student to determine their reasons for volunteering and to explore the perceived significance of their experiences in the clinic. Internal validity was established through group interviews wherein responses during the personal interviews were discussed with the students. All 12 students were interested in Oral Medicine and all 4th year students had completed a course on HIV-AIDS for their selective requirement. Students expressed willingness to care for patients who are medically compromised in anticipation of an increase of this type of patients in their future practice. Previous exposure to a family member or friend or patients (non-dental) who were terminally ill or to patients with HIV was another common reason. All 12 students preferred to work in the infectious disease clinic more than in other school clinics. They felt that there was more faculty-student interaction and a more stimulating learning atmosphere that the faculty created. The students felt that the patients treated in the clinic were more appreciative. Students also claim they experienced more team spirit among their fellow students and staff and that the clinic atmosphere was more relaxed and less competitive. Students got the most satisfaction from helping patients who were perceived to have had problems in accessing care prior to their visit to the clinic. Results of the study show that the students volunteered to treat patients who are known to have infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS because they find personal and academic satisfaction from working in a clinic which provides care to individuals with specific medical needs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

New guidelines for prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure.

New guidelines for the management of patients at risk of developing hypertension and associated conditions have recently been published. These guidelines include a new risk stratification and blood pressure classification, as well as an altered approach to drug therapy. This article describes the major changes from previous recommendations, highlights the role of oral health care providers and emphasizes the dental implications of caring for patients with blood pressure conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Lupus erythematosus: considerations for dentistry.

Lupus erythematosus, or LE, is a connective tissue disease that affects a number of organ systems. Patients with this condition can experience several other serious conditions--bleeding, infection, endocarditis, adrenal insufficiency and mucocutaneous disease--that can affect the provision of dental care. The authors describe considerations for managing dental treatment of patients with LE.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1998

Dietary cardiovascular risk factors and serum cholesterol in an Old Order Mennonite community.

OBJECTIVES: Dietary and coronary heart disease risk factors in Old Order Mennonite men and women were examined. METHODS: A food frequency questionnaire was mailed to 250 Mennonites who had participated in a previous study of coronary heart disease risk factors. RESULTS: Mennonites consumed a diet high in total fat, saturated fats, and cholesterol. Men had lower average serum cholesterol levels (174 mg/dL) than women (191 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: The Mennonites' diet was similar to that of the overall US population in saturated fat percentage and higher in cholesterol. Serum cholesterol levels, adiposity, and blood pressure were lower than expected among Mennonite men, perhaps because of their higher levels of physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Oral ulcerations in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical presentations, diagnosis, management, and relevance to disease progression.

Oral ulcerations can be both a localized disease entity and a manifestation of an underlying systemic condition. In individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, oral ulceration may serve as a marker for a specific systemic illness, early immunosuppression, and disease progression. This article reviews clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of oral ulcerations in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Relationship of cytomegalovirus to salivary gland dysfunction in HIV-infected patients.

In a previous retrospective study of HIV-infected patients we detected a relationship between xerostomia and the presence of cytomegalovirus in saliva. This prospective study compares 13 patients with HIV and a complaint of xerostomia and low salivary flow rates with a control group of 7 patients with HIV without xerostomia and normal salivary flow rates. Both groups were evaluated for the presence of cytomegalovirus in saliva, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and labial minor salivary glands. Viral cultures, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathologic examination were used to detect cytomegalovirus. Xerostomia and low salivary flow rates were associated with the presence of CMV in saliva. The virus was detected in 10 of 13 xerostomia patients and 2 of 7 controls (p = 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Cytomegalovirus was detected in the saliva of patients who did not also have it in their blood suggesting a local source of virus replication such as the salivary glands. The minor salivary glands were not a major site of cytomegalovirus. Culture was more sensitive then polymerase chain reaction in detecting salivary cytomegalovirus as a result of the presence of inhibitors to the reaction in saliva. These results suggest a link between cytomegalovirus in saliva and salivary gland dysfunction in HIV-infected patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

The professional responsibility for care.

Access to dental care is an essential need for all patients, particularly for individuals with complex medical conditions. Consequently, dentists have a moral and professional obligation to provide care for all individuals within the dentist's realm of expertise. However, throughout the HIV epidemic dental professionals have demonstrated an unwillingness to treat infected patients. This article addresses common objections raised by dentists unwilling to provide care, and discusses the professional obligation to treat and the importance of professionalism in reducing discrimination.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Medical considerations for dental care of patients with alcohol-related liver disease.

More than 7 percent of all adults in the United States have met diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Many of these people and even occasional users of alcohol may exhibit medical complexities, particularly liver disease, that can adversely affect provision of routine dental care. This article highlights some of the important clinical topics associated with alcoholic liver disease as it relates to dental care and provides guidelines on treatment of affected people.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The hypertensive dental patient.

The dental team plays an integral role in safeguarding the general health of patients. Dental health care workers should be able to recognize risk factors associated with hypertension and counsel patients in an effort to reduce those that are present. In addition, dental professionals should recognize how these risk factors and associated hypertension affect the provision of dental care. This article reviews recent findings and therapies for hypertension, evaluates historically accepted but unsupported anecdotal information on the dental management of hypertensive patients and proposes guidelines for the dental management of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Dentistry in the operating room.

Some special patients are unable to tolerate dental care in outpatient dental offices. Providing dental care under general anesthesia in an operating room setting involves various medical, dental, and hospital issues and procedures that differ from outpatient care. This article reviews pertinent information for the dental management of patients who require general anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1996

Dental considerations for the patient with renal disease receiving hemodialysis.

An increasing number of Americans are living with end-stage renal disease. This disease has many implications for dentistry, in terms of oral manifestations and management of afflicted patients. The authors present pertinent information to help dentists treat patients who exhibit the oral and systemic manifestations of renal disease, from the onset of renal impairment through hemodialysis.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed1996

Dental considerations in asplenic patients.

The spleen plays an important role in the body's defense mechanism against microbial infections. However, trauma or diseases sometimes make removal of this important organ necessary, which predisposes patients to certain infections. This increased risk of infection and the underlying reason for the organ's removal both may affect the provision of dental care. This article reviews the structure and function of the spleen, conditions that may require its removal or cause its dysfunction, and provides considerations for dentists who care for asplenic patients.

Bacteremia↗