A forgotten pioneer: Anton T. Boisen and religious psychosis.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Goldwert.
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This paper describes how an erotic paranoid reaction, when linked to fantasies of benign conspiratorial persecution by the hospital and the milieu, might merge as the grandiose messiah-complex.
This paper describes how a paranoid patient, having feelings of guilt and fear and a messianic grandiosity, may construct a teleology based on cosmic bisexuality, by which meaning may be given to his suffering.
After commenting on the concept of teleological thinking in paranoia, giving diverse examples of a patient's personal reliogiosity, the point is made that a patient's recovery is heralded by the acceptance of the accidental in life.
After suggesting that religio-egocentricity and the messiah-complex may be a universal pattern in the psychoses, this paper briefly addresses three questions. First, in general, what is the relationship between religious emotions and schizophrenia? Second, why is it that the messiah-complex surfaces so often in the psychoses? Finally, what is the healthy dimension of religiosity?
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This paper sets forth the contention that a schizophreniform disorder can enhance creativity. Given the usual brief duration of no more than six months, this disorder may enable the resilient ego of a creative person to descend temporarily into the symbolic sea of the unconscious. With such broadening of the person's symbolic experience in the unconscious, in the postpsychotic period the person may be able to forge symbols into novel concepts through a cohesive ego restored to homeostasis.
This paper describes an analogy between the primitive shaman's emotional illness, and its control, and the schizophrenic episodes of Harry Stack Sullivan, the founder of the interpersonal school of psychiatry. Like the primitive shaman, Sullivan partially overcame his illnesses, drawing from his psychoses the insights through which he healed others.
Contending that the mind of a creative person is often characterized by thin boundaries between the ego and the unconscious, this paper proposes how, on the manic side of bipolar depression, a creative ego may temporarily make great strides in intellectuality and creativity. However, as this process proceeds, a creative ego may lose its boundaries with the unconscious, and a schizoaffective disorder may emerge.
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Contending that a religious impulse exists in the unconscious, this paper emphasizes the role of the ego in shaping that impulse in Reactive Schizophrenia. After describing religiosity in the adolescent neurotic and schizoidal personalities, the core of the paper shows how the "fractured ego" in Reactive Schizophrenia can range far and wide in building religious systems which, though bizarre, are often impressive in their complexity. The paper concludes with a comparison between religiosity in the religious thinker and in the Reactive Schizophrenic.
Emphasizing the importance of time as the medium for both historical and psychological analysis, this paper traces the ego's consciousness of time from childhood to adulthood. This evolution is climaxed in late adolescence by the development of historical perspective, and thereafter the ego fuses time and history through a form of artistic reconstruction.
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Otto Rank, one of Sigmund Freud's original followers, posited the existence of an "urge to immortality" as man's deepest drive. In his Psychology and the Soul, Rank traced the desire for immortality through four historical eras, with particular emphasis on the creativity of the hero and the artist. By the end of his life, Rank had not only repudiated orthodox psychoanalysis and developed then abandoned a psychology of the will, he had moved "beyond psychology" to a religious view of history and the nature of man.
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