Occupational exposure to pectinase.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Golia
Publications and source records attributed to M Golia.
Duodenal perforations after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Duodenal perforations after laparoscopic cholecystectomies are rarely reported. The aim of this study is to focus on this complication and to suggest ways to reduce its occurrence and avoid diagnostic mistakes and therapeutical delays that could be fatal. We reviewed four personal cases and a number of others reported in the literature. Duodenal perforations are caused by improper use of the irrigator-aspirator device when retracting the duodenum, or by electrosurgical and laser burns. A duodenal perforation should be suspected in cases of bile leakage, peritonitis, intraabdominal or retroperitoneal collections, high serum or drainage amylase concentration, absence of bile leakage from the biliary tree, and the existence of a retroduodenal mass. Diagnosis requires a gastrografin upper GI series. Differential diagnosis is mainly with biliary lesions and other causes of peritonitis. Relaparoscopy may require intraoperative upper GI endoscopy or Kocher's duodenal mobilization to detect the perforation. Early diagnosis allows primary repair, usually by laparoscopy. Perforations of the duodenal cap are easier to diagnose and have a better prognosis than those of the descending duodenum. A lumbar abscess is a frequent complication.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗
Adenylyl cyclase P-site ligands accelerate differentiation in Ob1771 preadipocytes.
Differentiation of Ob1771 preadipocytes to adipocytes was characterized by morphological changes and elevated expression of the specific marker enzyme, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. A differentiation response substantially more complete and rapid than that obtained with insulin and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine was observed with established inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases: 2', 5'-dideoxyadenosine (2',5'-dd-Ado), 9-(cyclopentyl)adenine (9-CP-Ade), and 9-(arabinofuranosyl)adenine (9-Ara-Ade), coincident with decreased cellular cAMP levels. These ligands inhibit adenylyl cyclases noncompetitively, via a domain referred to as the P-site because of its requirement for an intact purine moiety. Differentiation was not induced by inosine, a nucleoside known not to act at the P-site, or by N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine or 1, 3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine, agonist and antagonist, respectively, for adenosine A1 receptors. Also ineffective were IBMX or forskolin, agents that can raise intracellular cAMP levels. Potency of the differentiation response followed the order 2',5'-dd-Ado (1-20 microM) > 9-CP-Ade (10-100 microM) = 9-Ara-Ade (10-100 microM) >> inosine, consistent with their potencies to inhibit adenylyl cyclases. The data suggest that inhibition of adenylyl cyclase via the P-site and the consequent reduction in cell cAMP levels facilitate the induction of differentiation in Ob1771 cells. The findings raise the question whether the known endogenous P-site ligands participate in the differentiation response induced by hormones.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure. Follow-up (5-44 months) of 31 patients.
BACKGROUND: Thirty-three patients were candidates for laparoscopic choledochotomy. The indications for this operation are described. METHODS: The procedure was completed 32 times (97%). We had 29 successful common bile duct (CBD) clearances, three negative explorations, and one failed clearance which needed to be converted to laparotomy. All the completed procedures ended with primary closure of the main duct. Median duration of surgery was 180 min (range 100-300), including three associated laparoscopic procedures. RESULTS: There were three postoperative complications (9.4%), none major. Average postoperative hospital stay was 7.1 days (range 4-14). In May-June 1995 we controlled 31 out of the 32 consecutive patients (one patient was lost to follow-up) who had a successful laparoscopic choledochotomy from October 1991 to December 1994. Median follow-up was 22 months (range 5-44). Besides clinical control, 23 patients also had ultrasound (US) controls and 24 had blood tests. Eleven had intravenous cholangiotomography. Two patients died 11 and 22 months after the operation for unrelated causes and without biliary symptoms. Two patients had umbilical hernias. One had a small residual asymptomatic stone, which was removed endoscopically. None had signs of postoperative CBD stricture. At US, CBD was </=7 mm in 15 patients, 8-10 mm in four patients, and 10-12 mm in three patients. The last group had preoperative CBD dilation, too. We could compare preoperative and postoperative CBD diameters in 22 patients: 11 had no change; in nine it decreased; and two had a slight increase (8-10 mm). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure is a very good operation: It has a high success rate and low morbidity. Mortality is nil so far. Medium-term results are very positive: We had no CBD stricture and only one case of asymptomatic residual stone, which could have been avoided. Our results suggest that intraductal biliary drainage is useless, and its specific complications are well known.
Adult↗
Laparocholecystectomy. 6,865 cases from Italian institutions.
Data concerning 6,865 laparocholecystectomies have been collected retrospectively from 19 Italian groups. Only 5% of all patients were chosen for open cholecystectomy (OC). Acute cholecystitis was present in 5.6% of laparocholecystectomies (LC). Conversion to laparotomy occurred in 3.1% of patients. Mortality was 0.06%, morbidity 2.53% (general anesthesia complications 0.07%; general complications 0.07%; omphalitis 0.7%; abdominal complications 1.69%). Main duct lesions occurred in 0.26% of the patients, biliary leaks in 0.48%, bleedings in 0.75%, perforations in 0.2%. Data from literature concerning OC are compared to ours: mortality and morbidity have been lowered by LC; general and abdominal-wall complications have been drastically reduced; main duct lesions are not different.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Laparoscopic posterior truncal vagotomy and anterior proximal gastric vagotomy.
Simplified parietal cell vagotomies (Taylor's and Hill-Barker's procedures) were proposed more than a decade ago to make the operation easier and faster. Efficacy and safety have proven to be as good as with proximal gastric vagotomy. The Hill-Barker operation is particularly simplified by the laparoscopic approach, which enables the procedure to be performed very precisely. The limited trauma of minimally invasive vagotomy has increased the interest in peptic ulcer surgery, especially for patients with chronic duodenal ulcer disease who cannot or do not want to take long-term continuous medication, or who are resistant to it. We describe our technique of performing the laparoscopic Hill-Barker procedure. Our initial results with eleven patients show no operative mortality and minimal morbidity with early discharge and ulcer of all patients. Of the 9 cases which are evaluable, 8 are pain-free and one had an ulcer recurrence after incomplete vagotomy.
Duodenal Ulcer↗
Early and late results of laparoscopic choledochotomy without biliary drainage.
On account of dissatisfaction with the two-staged approach to stones in the common bile duct, and the risks associated with endoscopic papillotomy, one-stage laparoscopic duct exploration was commenced. The initial experienced with 20 cases is presented. In 13 cases the transcystic approach to the main duct was not successful, so a choledochotomy was performed, and closed without biliary drainage. The postoperative course was similar to laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was uncomplicated in all patients. The follow-up examination of 12 patients demonstrated a mild stenosis of the main duct in our first case; however, this resolved spontaneously within six months. When indicated, the laparoscopic "ideal" choledochotomy with fibroscopic exploration gives very good early and long term results.
Adult↗
[Laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux].
Authors describe laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in 12 patients. Particular aspects related to intra-operative complications are referred. Moreover the reasons that make laparoscopic procedure advantageous are discussed.
Adult↗
[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis].
In a 18 month period 19 patients (4.7%) out of 400 affected by acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In 18 cases the diagnosis was preoperative on clinical signs or ultrasound scan basis. Intraoperative and histologic confirm was obtained in all cases. Mean age was 44.9, 11 were males and 8 females. The procedure resulted longer and more difficult compared to the global series of the same period: 90 min. versus 56 min. respectively, with a difficulty score higher than 4 in 89% of cases versus 40% of the global series. Furthermore, in 56% of cases versus 23.3% of the global series an intraoperative contamination from gallbladder content was recorded. Nevertheless, only 1 (5%) minor complication was observed, in the form of omphalitis, which recovered in 2 days. Therefore, discharge was possible in average within 4 days, excluding the first two cases operated, respectively discharged in 5th and 7th p.o. day as a precautionary measure. Early coelioscopic cholecystectomy is safe and effective, if carried out by well trained surgeons, even in acute cholecystitis.
Acute Disease↗
Laparoscopic treatment of peptic ulcers. A review after 6 years experience with Hill-Barker's procedure.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study illustrates our experience in treating duodenal ulcers by means of laparoscopy over a period of 6 years and the results after a lengthy careful follow-up. METHODOLOGY: From October 1991 to October 1997 we submitted 35 patients, 28 men and 7 women of an average age of 51 years (range: 22-78), to vagotomy with minimally invasive access: 23 Hill-Barkers, 2 Taylors, 6 thoracoscopic truncal vagotomies, and 4 laparoscopic truncal vagotomies. Of the patients submitted to surgery with the Hill-Barker technique, 8 were resistant to medical therapy, 11 decided not to continue with long-term medical therapy, 3 assumed an irregular medical therapy, and 1 who had been suffering for a long time from an ulcerous disease required vagotomy in association with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In 16 patients a bleeding complication preceded surgery. RESULTS: In our experience, the average duration of the operation with the Hill-Barker technique is 40 min (range: 30-80 min), with return to normal feeding in 1 day without any disorders and return home on day 3 (range: 2-5). The patients have been followed for 3-54 months. One patient (4.3%) was lost during the follow-up. Twenty-one (91.3%) out of the 23 submitted to anterior superselective and posterior truncal vagotomy were pain and ulcer-free without medical therapy. There was only one relapse (4.3%) after 7 months where the patient underwent left thoracoscopic truncal vagotomy. CONCLUSIONS: In our opinion, as posterior truncal and anterior superselective vagotomy using the Hill-Barker technique guarantees the same excellent results, it is preferable due to the speed and ease of performance and to the low cost compared with other procedures which take more time (e.g., Taylor's section and suture of the anterior gastric wall) and require the use of particularly expensive equipment (e.g., Gomez-Ferrer's mechanical sectioning and suturing).
Adult↗
Surgical palliation in pancreatic head carcinoma and gastric cancer: the role of laparoscopy.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: In all patients with pancreatic and gastric cancer we always make a laparoscopic exploration to complete the staging. Lately we have adopted the following technique for nonresectable cancers of the head of the pancreas: following endoscopic retrograde cholangiography we position a biliary stent to restore bile flow and obtain regression of jaundice, a laparoscopic-assisted gastroentero-anastomosis (GEA) is then performed as an antecolic isoperistaltic side-to-side gastrojejunostomy. Also in case of nonresectable gastric cancer we perform a laparoscopic-assisted gastrojejunostomy. METHODOLOGY: From January 1994-February 1998 we performed a total of 25 laparoscopic assisted gastrojejunostomies. We adopted this minimally invasive technique for 11 out of 20 patients (55%) with nonresectable cancers of the head of the pancreas, 7 men and 4 women, whose median age was 73 (range: 60-89). A video-assisted gastrojejunostomy was also performed in 14 patients out of 28 (50%), 10 men and 3 women, with a median age of 70 (range: 58-76), with nonresectable distal gastric cancers and 1 woman with non-resectable and obstructing duodenal cancer. The operative time of the video-assisted procedure was 35 min (range: 25-40 min). RESULTS: There were no intra-operative complications and no mortality. All the patients had a very satisfactory post-operative course, with only 1 (4%) with post-operative complications (hyperpyrexia in a patient due to an infection of the biliaryendoprosthesis, with precocious regression after replacement of the prosthesis) and minimal post-operative pain. Median post-operative hospital stay was 3 days (range: 2-4). Median survival after operation was 6 months (range: 2-12) for gastric cancer and 9 months (range: 5-15 months) for pancreatic head carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this technique, for the obstructive syndrome of the pylorus and duodenum, offers these patients the best results/trauma ratio. Two currently remaining types of indications for a GEA, namely non-malignant ulcer and unresectable duodenal or antropyloric obstructive cancer.
Aged↗
The role of diagnostic tests in therapeutic choices for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease has different clinical presentations that require different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This paper describes the appropriate use of diagnostic tests before and after treatment. Each diagnostic tool is examined from a practical point of view to determine the information it can provide and its possible pitfalls, and to comment on how it can influence therapeutic choices. Performing a preoperative diagnostic evaluation is especially stressed, so as not to select the wrong patient or the wrong procedure. Finally, failures of surgery are examined to understand their causes and to prevent them. The value of the most relevant examinations for diagnosing the causes of failures and choosing the appropriate solution are discussed.
Decision Making↗
[Filter sterilization and penetration battery].
Currently sterilising filtration is one of the most commonly used techniques in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Some doubts and misunderstandings can, however, arise from certain aspects of this consolidated and well-known technology. Some examples? Does speaking about 0.2 or 0.22 um necessarily mean a sterilising filter? What are 0.1 um filters? How well do we understand the phenomenon of bacterial penetration in sterilising filters?
Drug Industry↗
Laparoscopic liver tumour resection with the argon beam.
Our initial experience with four minor resections for one malignant and three benign lesions is reported. Dissection was accomplished by mechanical fragmentation and hydrojet. Coagulation was effectively achieved by the argon beam system. Larger vessels were clipped. Three patients were treated laparoscopically and were rapidly discharged after an uneventful postoperative course. The other patient (small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic liver) had an intraoperative cardiac arrest, probably due to gas embolism. After restoration of normal cardiac activity, the operation was completed after conversion to an open approach. When using the argon coagulator it is necessary to prevent excessive intra-abdominal pressure due to the flow of argon gas and to avoid injury to the hepatic veins, which may cause gas embolism.
Adenoma, Liver Cell↗
[Rationale for the use of bile salts after cholecystectomy: results of a controlled clinical study using tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)].
Cholecystectomy causes alterations in bile composition. In particular it rises the proportion of highly detergent bile acids with the possible consequence of the manifestation of dyspepsia in a high percentage of patients: this is the well-known post-cholecystectomy syndrome. In this clinical trial we studied the activity and safety of tauroursodeoxycholic acid--TUDCA--(500 mg/die) in the prevention of dyspepsia in cholecystectomized patients, in comparison with no treated group. We enrolled 203 patients (101 TUDCA--group A--and 102 control-group B). The two groups were comparable for age (47.1 years in group A and 50.7 years in group B), sex (m/f: 28/73 and 37/65 in the two groups) and for other characteristics connected to surgical procedures. After operation all patients suffered from dyspepsia symptoms. In patients treated with TUDCA we registered a prompt regression in severity of symptoms when compared with no treated group: in fact we noted a significant difference only at the first control planned after one month from operation. No difference were registered at the other controls (two and three months after operation). Two patients in A and 3 in group B manifested adverse events. In conclusion, the treatment with TUDCA, a new hydrophilic bile acid, seems to contribute to the improvement of clinical course in cholecystectomized patients.
Adult↗
Laparoscopic re-operation from gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Since 1994 until the present day, we have had to surgically re-operate in five cases of failure with laparoscopic operations aimed at correcting gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Two of these cases came from our own patients and three came under our observation from other centers. We applied fundoplication according to Nissen-Rossetti in three cases and the Rossetti-Hell operation in the other cases. One case involved recurrent gastro-oesophageal reflux with a short oesophagus and fundoplication raised into the mediastinum. In one other case, there was recurrent hiatal herniation with a rotary as well as axial component and consequent mediastinal occupation. The other three cases featured persistent post-operative dysphagia caused, in one case, by an error in the creation of the anti-reflux valve (perigastric cuff) and, in the other two, by erroneous choice of the anti-reflux operation: post-operative manometry showed important oesophageal hypo-dyskinesia which should have indicated partial fundoplication. All the patients underwent laparoscopic exploration. The patient with the short oesophagus had to be converted for the performance of a total duodenal diversion, while the remaining four patients underwent a total laparoscopic operation. The patient with recurrent hiatal hernia had the hernia reduced in the abdomen and combined anterior and posterior hiatoplasty. In another three cases, total fundoplication was transformed into partial fundoplication according to Toupet. The post-operative course and clinical results were excellent in all five patients. Stress is placed on the importance of accurate morphological and functional assessment of the oesophagus in the pre-operative stage so as to select the most suitable operation and in the post-operative stage in order to evaluate the causes of failure, the advantages of laparoscopy in terms of exposure of the operative field, the importance of certain technical details that optimize the results of the operation, and the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach also for the correction of most failures that demand re-operation.
Fundoplication↗
Laparoscopic colectomy: the absolute need for a standard operative technique.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to review our experience performing laparoscopic colon surgery and to present the operative technique as used and standardized by us. METHODS: From April 1992 to December 1996, 158 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic colon surgery. There were 92 females and 66 males, whose average age was 66.7 years (range 31-92); 134 patients (84.9%) were operated on for carcinoma, and the remaining 24 (14.1%) or benign disease. RESULTS: There were 117 procedures completed laparoscopically out of 158 patients (74%); 103 colon resections (18 for benign disease and 95 for malignant disease), 7 Hartmann procedures, 3 for reversal of Hartmann's procedures, 1 rectopexy, and 3 ileotrasversostomies. Conversions were required in 41 out of 158 cases (25.9%); 19 of these cases, however, were converted to a laparoscopic-facilitated procedure. The most common causes for conversion were the presence of bulky tumors and/or tumors that contaminated adjacent structures (16/158), adhesions due to previous operations (8/158) or patient obesity (5/158). There were 31 complications (19.6%), 9 of which required re-operation. There was only one recurrence (0.9%) that manifested 15 months after the procedure, at both trocar and drainage sites, and with peritoneal carcinomatosis. This occurred in a patient with rectal neoplasia who suffered a perforation of the rectum during dissection, with bowel spillage. The average number of lymph nodes harvested in resected specimens was 12.8 (range 1-41), whereas the mean distance of the tumor from the proximal margin of resection was 11.5 cm (range 5-35), and from the distal margin 7.5 cm (range 1-25). The average operative time was 165 minutes (range 40-360), and the mean hospital stay was 9.2 days (range 6-40). There were three mortalities out of 158 patients (1.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colon resection for malignant lesions, performed with the highest respect for oncologic principles, has demonstrated that it is difficult to develop a barrier to wall and intraluminal recurrence. Recurrence, in our opinion, is caused by improper surgical technique. Therefore, neoplastic colon laparoscopic surgery must be the prerogative of selected and specialized centers.
Adenocarcinoma↗