Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Goodwin.
Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate has been identified in the vaginal secretions of female dogs in estrus. When small amounts of this compound were applied to the vulvas of anestrous or spayed females, males placed with these females became sexually aroused and attempted to mount them.
Sebum from the ventral scent marking gland of the male Mongolian gerbil was fractionated and tested for its ability to elicit behavioral response in a conditioning task and in a stimulus preference situation. The active fraction was identified as phenylacetic acid; both it and a synthetic sample elicited the same behavioral response. Phenylacetic acid appears to be a major pheromone of the male Mongolian gerbil.
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Conditions of infant and child survival in Mexico have improved considerably over the last 60 years. Infant mortality rates were reduced from more than 250 deaths per 1,000 infants born alive in 1929-1931, to a rate of less than 50 in the period 1982-1987, a figure which still places Mexico among the countries with a high infant mortality rate. Though improvements in the living conditions of the population have undoubtedly played a part in the reduction of infant and child mortality, the early introduction of sanitation campaigns and, more recently of immunization, antibiotics and other modern health techniques have probably been more important. Health services have been extended throughout the country. However, significant portions of the population, especially in the rural areas, but also in the growing urban marginal ones, are to a large extent underserved. As a result, great inequalities in the health status of the population and in their access to health services remain. The problem of providing services to the whole population has become aggravated by the economic and financial crisis which has plagued Mexico since 1982. Reduced revenues for exports and the high cost of servicing the external and the internal debt have significantly decreased government revenues. As a result, public resources directed to health-related services diminished by 50 per cent in real terms between 1982 and 1987. This trend has to be reversed through enforced measures directed to the mobilization of untapped external and internal resources. But improving the conditions of child survival in Mexico requires more than financial resources. It is necessary to integrate and coordinate the fragmented services offered by the government, to give a much higher priority to preventive measures, and to research and to the adequate training of professionals and paraprofessionals in order to re-orient the health system for serving the real needs of the more underprivileged groups of the population (understanding and respecting their cultural beliefs and practices). In this way, Mexico can reverse the trend toward greater inequality which pervades the present system.
A timing study was conducted at a 500 bed metropolitan teaching hospital over a five month period (1988-89) in order to test the validity of the Patient Assessment and Information System (PAIS) which had been introduced eight months prior. Hospital inpatients in 16 medical and surgical wards were each studied for a 24 hour period. Direct and indirect nursing care activities and ward-related indirect activities were recorded by nurses as they engaged in them. The validity of the 16 hours PAIS model was confirmed with time values extended to 24 hours.
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