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Biomedical subjects

M Grabowski

Publications and source records attributed to M Grabowski.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Oral health status and need of dental treatment in the elderly Danish population.

Oral health and dental treatment needs were investigated in 560 elderly persons in the county of Vestsjaelland (West Zealand) in Denmark. Of the population aged 65 and above in three typical communities in the county, 10% were selected by random sampling and totaled 633 persons. Of these, 560 persons (88.5%) were interviewed and examined in their homes. The final sample population was representative of the total Danish population in relation to sex and socioeconomic status for this specific age group. Oral health was generally poor. In all, 68.2% of the population were edentulous (64.7 of the males, 70.7% of the females), while the dentate persons had an average of 12 teeth; 3.6% were totally edentulous and lacked dentures in both jaws, a further 5.5% were totally edentulous and lacked a denture in one jaw, and 83.4% had removable dentures. Only 3.4% of the dentate and 28.2% of the edentulous persons did not need any dental treatment. The total percentage of people needing treatment was 80. Prosthetic treatment was the main requirement, applying to 80% of the group. In contrast with this, only 25% of the interviewed subjects had a subjective need for treatment. Information and economic aids for dental treatment are obviously needed in the elderly Danish population.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1975

An epidemiologic study of yeasts in elderly denture wearers.

The purpose of this study has been to assess the prevalence of denture stomatitis and candida infection in an elderly Danish population. Ten percent of the population above the age of 65 in a Danish community was selected randomly. The study group consisted of 465 persons wearing a removable maxillary denture, who were examined in their homes. Yeasts were isolated by oral swabs for cultivation and by mucosal and denture scrapings for microscopy. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 65%. Yeasts, especially C. albicans, were cultivated in most denture wearers with denture stomatitis (Group 1) or with clinically normal palatal mucosa (Group 2). However, large accumulations of hyphae were present in 77% of the patients in Group 1 compared with 47% in Group 2; both hyphae and inflammatory cells were seen in smears in 65% of Group 1 but only in 14% of Group 2. On the other hand, bacterial contamination of the smears was more pronounced in Group 2 than in Group 1. The study has revealed that candida infection and poor denture cleanliness are very common in elderly denture wearers.

Candida↗
PubMed1975

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, benign hepatomas, oral contraceptives and other drugs affecting the liver.

Due to the claim of an association between focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives, the files in the departments of pathology at the university hospitals in Lund and Malmö were examined for these two diagnoses made since 1945 and 1957, respectively. 26 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and 7 benign hepatomas were found, 18 and 2, respectively, in women. Since 1963, the year before oral contraceptives were introduced in Sweden, focal nodular hyperplasia has been diagnosed in 8 women in the reproductive period of life; 4 of these had taken oral contraceptives. The 4 diagnoses were established in 1972-1974. At most, 25 per cent of Swedish females between the ages of 15 and 44 years have been on oral contraceptives. The Swedish series of 28 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia comprised 3 epileptics and 3 diabetics. At least two of the epileptics had been treated with barbiturates and/or hydantoins. The prevalence of drug-treated epilepsy in Sweden is 0.4-0.5 per cent, and of diabetes about 2 per cent. The possible aetiological role of drugs provoking an increase of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the liver and proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue in a part of the liver which preveiously may have been damaged by vascular disturbances or trauma, is considered. No relationship between benign hepatomas and drugs was found. The observations support the notion that oral contraceptives may be of aetiological importance in the development of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, although the material is too small for epidemiological and statistical analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lomefloxacin, a new difluoroquinolone: in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The in vitro activity of lomefloxacin, a new difluoro-quinolone, was compared to other antimicrobial agents against a selection of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Against the Enterobacteriaceae, the lomefloxacin MIC inhibiting 90% of strains was less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. Ninety per cent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter sp. isolates were inhibited at less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. All staphylococci including methicillin-resistant organisms were susceptible at 1.0 micrograms/ml. Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria spp., and sero Group B streptococci were more resistant with an MIC90 of 8, 16 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis of CpFe(CO)(L) complexes of hydantoin anions (Cp = eta5-C5H5, L = CO, PPh3), and the use of the 5,5-diphenylhydantoin anion complexes as tracers in the nonisotopic immunoassay CMIA of this antiepileptic drug.

As part of our ongoing development of the CMIA nonisotopic immunoassay method, in which the tracers are metal carbonyl complexes and detection is by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we examined the potential use as tracers of the complexes CpFe(CO)2(5,5-diphenylhydantoin) 2d and CpFe(CO)(PPh3)(5, 5-diphenylhydantoin) 3. The present study involved the synthesis of a series of hydantoin complexes (2a-2d), in particular that of the derivative of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin 2d. The structure of 2d was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The infrared analysis, establishing the position and intensity of the characteristic metal-carbonyl peaks of complexes 2d and 3 in the 1850-2200 cm-1 region, shows that measurement of the absorbance values of these characteristic peaks will permit quantitative analysis in the picomole range, the norm for routine use in immunoassay and thus suitable for use as CMIA tracers. Cross-reaction rates of these tracers with anti-DPH specific antibodies show that 2d and 3 are both recognized by anti-DPH antibodies (cross-reaction rates 43 and 20%, respectively). In developing a CMIA of DPH with these tracers, it was found that 3, with a single, intense band at 1977 cm-1, had very promising IR characteristics for use in multiassay CMIA, but probably owing to its relatively weak affinity for the antibodies, it was not possible to develop a CMIA for DPH using this tracer. Complex 2d, however, showed better recognition by the antibodies, and using this complex as a tracer, it was possible to develop a particularly sensitive monoassay of DPH by the CMIA method.

Anions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bonding of molecular oxygen to T state human haemoglobin.

Haemoglobin (Hb) is the tetrameric protein molecule that in vertebrate blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This function depends on four subunits in the molecule binding cooperatively so that their affinity for oxygen increases as the level of oxygenation increases. X-ray analysis has shown that deoxyhaemoglobin, which has a low oxygen affinity, and oxyhaemoglobin, which has a high oxygen affinity, differ principally in their subunit or quaternary structures, referred to as the T and R states, respectively. As it switches from the T state to the R state during oxygenation, Hb increases its oxygen affinity. However, the structural pathway between deoxy- and oxy-haemoglobin is not known, principally because there has been no accurate structural knowledge of the intermediate states. We report here the crystal structure of T state human Hb in which the alpha chains are oxygenated and the beta subunits are oxygen-free. In this crystal the Hb appears to be in an intermediate state between the unliganded T state and the liganded R state. There is also evidence that the Hb molecule operates by loading and unloading the beta haems and thus the alpha-oxy, beta-deoxy Hb crystal may represent a physiologically important state.

Crystallography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nifedipine and nimodipine: effect on blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow in conscious normotensive and hypertensive rats.

The dose-dependent reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) was more pronounced after intravenous nimodipine than nifedipine administration. Nimodipine (5 micrograms/kg) followed by infusion of 0.75 microgram/kg/min lowered the blood pressure by 10% in both normotensive and hypertensive rats; the same dose schedule of nifedipine did not lower MAP. Neither drug altered the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in this dose. After 50 micrograms/kg nimodipine were administered, followed by 7.5 micrograms/kg/min nimodipine, MAP dropped 38% in WKY and 46% SHR; corresponding figures for nifedipine were 13 and 17%. In spite of the reduction in MAP and a concomitant decrease in PaCO2, rCBF increased significantly in 19 of 23 regions studied after nifedipine and in 15 regions after nimodipine in SHR. The increase in rCBF in WKY was slight and insignificant in most areas. Thus, both calcium entry blockers reduced the cerebrovascular resistance more in SHR than in WKY.

Animals↗