PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Graham

Publications and source records attributed to M Graham.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Properties of sea urchin embryo messenger RNA containing and lacking poly(A).

Various properties of nonhistone messenger RNA species containing poly(A), [+A]mRNA, and lacking poly(A), [-A]mRNA, are described: the rates of turnover of these mRNA classes are not significantly different, as indicated by their similar rates of entry into and decay from the cytoplasm; each mRNA class is essentially entirely transcribed from unique DNA sequences; the ratio of [+A] to [-A] nonhistone mRNA increases with increase in size of free polyribosome, although the average molecular weights of these mRNAs are similar in each polysomal size class. These results indicate that the [+A]mRNA species tend to be more fully loaded with ribosomes than the nonhistone [-A]mRNA species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liver lesion detection, characterization, and effect on patient management: comparison of single-phase spiral CT and current MR techniques.

This study compares liver lesion detection, characterization, and effect on patient management between single-phase spiral CT and MRI using spoiled gradient echo (SGE), T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo, and serial post gadolinium SGE. All patients with suspected liver lesions who underwent spiral CT and MRI within a 1-month period between January 1993 and September 1996 were included in the study. Spiral CT and MRI were interpreted prospectively in a blinded fashion by separate individual experienced investigators, and lesion detection and characterization were determined. Confirmation was obtained by surgery (6 patients), biopsy (18 patients), imaging follow-up (36 patients), or combined reading of all imaging studies and clinical follow-up (29 patients). Effect on patient management was determined by combined chart review and interview of the patients' physicians and by retrospective clinical assessment performed by a surgical oncologist and medical oncologist separately. Eighty-nine patients were included in the study. Regarding true positive lesion detection, 295 and 519 lesions were detected on spiral CT and MR images, respectively, which was significantly different on a patient-by-patient basis (P < .001). More lesions were detected on MR than on spiral CT in 44 of 89 patients (49.4%), and 11 of these 44 patients had lesions shown on MRI in whom no lesions were apparent on CT images. No patients had true positive lesions shown on spiral CT that were not shown on MRI. Regarding lesion characterization, 129 and 466 lesions were characterized on spiral CT and MRI images, respectively, which was significantly different on a patient-by-patient basis (P < .001). More lesions were characterized on MR than CT images in 67 patients (75.3%). Regarding effect on patient management, chart review with physician interview demonstrated that findings on MRI provided information that altered patient management as compared with findings on spiral CT in 57 patients. Retrospective clinical evaluation by the surgical and medical oncologist showed that MRI was considered to have a greater effect on patient management than spiral CT in 58 and 55 patients, respectively. Comparing current MRI technique to single-phase spiral CT, MRI detected more lesions in 49.4% and characterized more lesions in 75.3% of patients investigated for focal liver disease. MRI had a greater effect on patient management in each of the three methods than single-phase spiral CT in more than 61% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double pituitary glands with partial duplication of facial and fore brain structures with hydrocephalus.

A female term infant was born with multiple bony and facial abnormalities involving the mandible, palate, tongue, nasopharynx, vertebrae, ribs and brain. Death occurred at 1 week and a rare combination of forebrain anomalies, were found in a big head, with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum with duplication of the infundibulum, pituitary, anterior third ventricle and aqueduct. The CAT scan was diagnostic of agenesis of corpus callosum. Incomplete twinning or incompetent neural induction with genetic and epigenetic factors have been suggested as possible mechanisms responsible for this rare malformation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Murine T lymphomas with retroviral inserts in the chromosomal 15 locus for plasmacytoma variant translocations.

The frequent trisomy of murine chromosome 15 in T lymphomas suggests that it bears one or more genes conducive to T-cell neoplasia. One such gene seems to be c-myc, the oncogene frequently activated in B-lymphoid tumours either by retroviral insertion, as in the avian bursal lymphomas, or by a translocation to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus, as in the predominant t(12; 15) of murine plasmacytomas and the analogous t(14; 8) of human Burkitt lymphomas. The c-myc gene was strongly implicated in T-cell neoplasia when 15-25% of T lymphomas arising in AKR mice, a strain prone to leukaemia, were found to have retroviral inserts near c-myc. Proviruses near c-myc were also found in several T lymphomas induced by murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV) in both mice and rats, but many of the rat thymomas bear an insert instead at one of several other common sites, at least two of which have murine homologues on chromosome 15. We show here that some murine T lymphomas contain proviral inserts in the recently identified chromosome 15 locus for plasmacytoma variant (6; 15) translocations, which we have denoted pvt-1. Although 6; 15 breakpoints map cytogenetically to the same chromosome band as c-myc, the alterations of pvt-1 in tumours occur at least 72 kilobases (kb) from the c-myc promoters. The insertions in T lymphomas suggest that an altered pvt-1 locus is conducive to neoplasia in T cells as well as B cells, possibly via long-range effects on c-myc expression.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of analytical methods in the determination of two venlafaxine fatalities.

Two venlafaxine (Effexor)-related deaths are reported with comparison of results from the analysis of specimens using capillary gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a UV-vis detector. Blood concentrations in Case 1 were 7.27 micrograms/mL venlafaxine and 5.03 micrograms/mL O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and Case 2 had 89.67 micrograms/mL venlafaxine with 3.44 micrograms/mL of the desmethyl metabolite. A comparison of analytical methods and specimen concentration is presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disposition of cocaine in fatal poisoning in man.

A fatal case of intravenous (IV) cocaine administration is presented. Cocaine tissue concentrations (mg/kg) in descending order were: kidney, 26; spleen, 22; brain, 14; heart, 6.1; skeletal muscle, 6.1; lung, 3.4; liver, 1.6; and adipose, 1.0. Body fluid cocaine concentrations (mg/L) were: urine, 39; bile, 10; vitreous humor, 2.4; and blood, 1.8. These results are in excellent agreement with cocaine tissue distribution in the dog following IV administration and limited tissue data in previously reported cocaine fatalities in man.

Adult↗