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Biomedical subjects

M Grandidier

Publications and source records attributed to M Grandidier.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Interactions and incompatibilities in prescription drugs. Incidents in dental surgery].

Drug interactions can be classified according to their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms. Pharmacodynamic interactions are observed when two drugs share a common effect or have the same effect on different receptors of a common function. They can be predicted if the elementary effects of each drug are known. Such are pharmacodynamic interactions are particularly interesting as they are selective for the common effect(s). Pharmacokinetic interactions are more difficult to predict. They occur when one drug modifies the pharmacokinetic parameters of a second drug. Modification may involve variations in oral absorption, tissue distribution, rate of metabolism and/or rate of renal excretion. This interaction cannot be selective as drug concentrations are modified, affecting all the concentration-dependent effects. Mastering drug interactions involve the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. Answers to following questions are needed: does the association produce conjugated effects? can one drug modify pharmacokinetic parameters of another? Potentially toxic effects may be suspected when at least one drug involved is known for its toxicity. Risk is increased when it also exhibits a narrow range between active and toxic concentrations. Many databases in printed form or as interactive software provide information on drug interactions. Clinicians can also consult a Pharmacovigilance Center for a safe prescription procedure. Finally, the main danger lies in the simultaneous prescriptions by different practitioners unaware of their colleagues prescription. In this case, the pharmacist plays an important role of evaluation of the drugs prescribed.

Drug Antagonism↗
PubMed1997

[Diffuse pigmentation (nail, mouth and skin) associated with HIV infection].

INTRODUCTION: Nail dyschromia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first described in 1987 by Furth and Kazakis. It has since been reported in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), predominantly in patients treated with zidovudine. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 37 years old white woman, who developed AIDS in 1994, with nail longitudinal colored bands, oral and cutaneous pigmentation without taking zidovudine. DISCUSSION: There have been four reports of nail pigmentation in HIV-infected patients who had no received this antiviral agent. The singularity of our case is the onset in a white woman. A lot of causes must be evoked and biology must be done, with histopathologic study when it is possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Carcinoid tumor with revealed by skin manifestation].

INTRODUCTION: Carcinoid tumours are often diagnosed late because a large quantity of vasoactive peptides must be accumulated to express the carcinoid syndrome. OBSERVATION: A 54-year-old male was seen for rosacea and intense episodes of vasomotor flush. The rosacea was associated with episodes of diarrhoea. The carcinoid tumour was diagnosed on the basis of raised levels of 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid. Radiology and surgery demonstrated liver, lymph node and mesenteric metastases of the primative carcinoid tumour which could not be located. Treatment combined chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil-streptozotocine) and a somatostatin analogue (octreotide). A good clinical response was obtained with a 1 year follow-up. COMMENTS: This case was discovered in misleading conditions since the rosacea overshadowed the other clinical manifestations of the carcinoid syndrome. Symptomatology resulted from the metastasic carcinoid tumour. Surgery should always be proposed. It is rarely very extensive but does allow reduction of tumour size. The role of medical treatment with a somatostatin analogue should be emphasized. This treatment can be combined with more classical chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, streptozotocine).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

[Skin manifestations revealing monocytic leukemia. A case report].

A three-month-old developed a deep nodule over the elbow, then two weeks later additional nodules over the trunk with enlargement of the liver and spleen. Examination of the bone marrow established the diagnosis of monocytic leukemia. Acute monocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in infants. Skin lesions, visible as red, brown or purple nodules ("blueberry muffin lesions") and confluent areas of purpura are common and may occur as the first manifestations of the disease. These skin lesions are not specific of leukemia and other diagnoses should be considered including histiocytosis, neuroblastoma, and skin erythropoiesis (in Torch syndrome, hemolytic disease of the newborn, hereditary spherocytosis, and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome).

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

[Multiple rare tumors of the hand: a case of multifocal reticulohistiocytosis].

The authors report the case of a woman operated for multiple dorsal nodes of the fingers with a lytic appearance on X-rays of the distal joints. The histopathology concluded on multicentric reticulohistiocytosis which is a very rare disease (fewer than 100 cases) affecting the hand (90%), skin and joints, and other organ systems. The prognosis is not good as the disease is disabling to the hand and malignant diseases may occur in 15 to 25% of cases. No treatment, even very aggressive, has been shown to be truly effective.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Minocycline hypersensitivity syndrome].

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome is an uncommon drug reaction typically manifested by severe skin lesions, fever, nodal enlargement, blood eosinophilia and hepatitis. CASE REPORT: A 16-year-old female patient with acne was treated with minocycline 100 mg/d for one month. She developed a hypersensitivity syndrome with a generalized pustulous eruption. Prick tests with minocycline diluted in vaseline were positive at 48 hours. DISCUSSION: This case of minocycline-induced hypersensitivity illustrates that prick tests performed late after the initial event can reproduce the initial lesions. The causal role of several drugs, particularly anticonvulsants, has been demonstrated in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Several recent publications have implicated minocycline. Although such cases are uncommon, it would appear that cyclines, particularly minocycline, are the main cause of conditions such as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, acute systemic lupus erythematosus, pulmonary eosinophil infiltration, and pseudo-serum sickness. Such secondary effects must be recognized. Patients should be advised to discontinue treatment and consult if signs such as fever, node enlargement, joint pain, or skin reactions reappear. It may be useful to perform prick tests with minocycline 4 to 6 weeks after an initial eruption.

Adolescent↗