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Biomedical subjects

M Granström

Publications and source records attributed to M Granström.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies to pneumococcal hemolysin (pneumolysin).

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a highly purified pneumolysin as the antigen was evaluated for serological diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. One hundred four healthy controls were tested, and the specificity of the test was set to 95%. In samples from patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, 82% (18 of 22) were positive, i.e., at least one serum sample had a titer above the upper normal limit or at least a twofold rise in antibody titers was noted. In nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, 45% (21 of 47) of samples were positive. All sera were negative for patients with pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia psittaci, and influenza A virus. However, in patients with a diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, 8 of 25 (32%) samples were positive for antibodies to pneumolysin. All sera, including those from patients with mycoplasma infection, were negative to a protein control antigen by ELISA. Serum immunoglobulin G response to pneumolysin as measured by ELISA might thus be an aid in the laboratory diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. This assay may also help to further elucidate the occurrence of dual infections with pneumococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulin class and immunoglobulin G subclass enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays compared with microneutralization assay for serodiagnosis of mumps infection and determination of immunity.

Total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG subclass reactivities with purified mumps glycoproteins (GP) and nucleoprotein (NP), measured in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), were compared with titers in a mumps microneutralization assay (NT). For determination of mumps immunity, the sensitivity of both ELISAs was 100% in comparison with the NT and the specificity was 90%. IgG1 was the dominant subclass against the two antigens found in seropositive healthy individuals. In samples from patients with clinical mumps infections and positive mumps IgM, titer rises of total IgG against NP were invariably seen before GP titer rises. Significant but often late titers rises in NT were found in all patients. Changes of IgG1 levels against both antigens followed the changes of total specific IgG. High levels of IgG3 against NP were diagnostic for mumps infection. In parainfluenza infections, titer rises in the mumps ELISAs and NT were found, but mumps IgM, NP IgG3, and the high ratio between the NP and GP titers found in early samples from patients with mumps infection were not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Prospective study of serum staphylococcal antibodies in cystic fibrosis.

Serum IgG antibodies to teichoic acid and alpha toxin from Staphylococcus aureus were measured in 62 patients with cystic fibrosis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. The patients were followed up for 12-24 months in a prospective study. Raised titres were found exclusively in patients chronically colonised with S aureus. Patients colonised with both S aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had significantly higher titres against teichoic acid than those carrying S aureus alone. Titres were significantly higher when there were clinical signs of low grade infection in the patients chronically colonised with S aureus alone, and in those with both S aureus and P aeruginosa. Significant reduction in titres occurred after antimicrobial treatment given either orally or intravenously in patients with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rates and white cell counts. Measurement of staphylococcal antibody titres may be valuable in monitoring pulmonary infection and antimicrobial treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The development and standardization of an ELISA for ovalbumin determination in influenza vaccines.

A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of ovalbumin in influenza vaccines has been developed and standardized. Commercially available reagents were used. ELISA was compared to single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) and immunoelectro-osmophoresis (IEOP) techniques. The detection limit by ELISA was 0.5 ng/ml. This method was found to be at least 1000 times more sensitive than SRD and at least 200 times more sensitive than IEOP. It was concluded that ELISA is a specific, sensitive and reproducible method for the determination of the small amounts of ovalbumin found as an impurity in unconcentrated influenza vaccines.

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis↗
PubMed1986

Antitoxin in human pertussis immune globulins.

The level of antitoxin i.e. neutralizing antibodies to pertussis toxin, or lymphocytosis promoting factor, was determined in six pertussis immune globulin preparations from different manufactures. A comparison with antitoxin levels after natural pertussis disease in adults showed that pertussis immune globulins did not contain more antitoxin than convalescent phase sera, i.e. they had very low antitoxin content for specific immune globulins. Agglutinin and anti-FHA titres were relatively higher in immune globulins, probably reflecting a difference between the antibody response elicited by whole cell vaccines used for hyperimmunization in immune globulin production and by natural disease. The low antitoxin content of currently available pertussis immune globulin preparations could explain the inefficacy or conflicting results obtained with these products in prophylaxis and therapy of whooping cough.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1986

The development and standardization of an antigen detection ELISA for rubella virus grown in rabbit cells.

A double antibody sandwich ELISA for the detection of rubella virus antigen was developed and standardized. Commercially available antisera were chosen in order to make the assay readily available. Antigen detection gave an excellent correlation to titers obtained by examination of cytopathogenic effect (CPE, r = 0.986). Replication of rubella virus grown in rabbit cells was identified with CPE and positive ELISA appearing within a difference of +/- one day. ELISA provided an objective detection of rubella virus which is often difficult by the reading of CPE. The method was found to be both sensitive and reproducible and facilitated work in rubella virus control involving a large number of virus titrations.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Borrelia arthritis in Sweden.

Antibodies to Borrelia spirochetes were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 298 patients with postinfectious arthritis. Sera from healthy individuals, patients with acute infectious meningitis of proven etiology and patients with multiple sclerosis served as controls. Titers above the 100% percentile of controls were found in five of 298 (2%) arthritis patients. Two of the arthritis patients had higher titers than any titers previously found in Swedish patients with Borrelia meningitis. It is concluded that a Borrelia etiology should be considered in patients with reactive or postinfectious arthritis of unknown origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Experimental mandibular Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis; antibody response and treatment with dicloxacillin.

Staphylococcus aureus mandibular osteomyelitis was produced in 20 rabbits by injection of a sclerosing agent and 1 X 10(9) colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus V8 into the medullary cavity of the mandible. After 2 weeks all rabbits developed infections. 10 of the rabbits were then treated with dicloxacillin (22.5 mg/kg body weight) every 12 h for 7 days and 10 were left untreated. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and histopathological examination was performed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure IgG response against staphylococcal teichoic acid and alpha-toxin during the observation period. In the treated group, there was a decrease in clinical symptoms after the treatment period, while in the untreated group, progression of the infection was a common finding. At the end of the treatment period, Staphylococcus aureus V8 could not be recovered from aspirates obtained from animals in the treatment group, while in the non-treatment group, Staphylococcus aureus V8 could be recovered from abscesses in 6 rabbits. Both in the treated group and in the untreated group, the rabbits showed increasing IgG titers against teichoic acid and alpha-toxin during the first 2-3 weeks. No significant differences in antibody response patterns were noted between the treated and untreated groups and no clear correlation between the immunological response and the severity of the disease was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antibodies to staphylococcal teichoic acid and alpha toxin in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for IgG antibody determination to teichoic acid and alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus in 65 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In patients chronically colonized with S. aureus, elevated titres to teichoic acid were found in 13/35 (37%) patients, to alpha-toxin in 12/35 (34%) and to either antigen in 18/35 (51%). Patients with elevated titres to teichoic acid had a significantly lower X-ray score than patients with normal titres. The highest titres against both teichoic acid and alpha-toxin were seen in patients not receiving optimal treatment. These findings suggest that staphylococci contribute to the tissue damage in CF and that the determination of antibodies especially to staphylococcal teichoic acid might be of value in the diagnosis and management of staphylococcal infections in patients with CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Erythema chronicum migrans in Sweden: clinical manifestations and antibodies to Ixodes ricinus spirochete measured by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

26 Swedish patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) were studied regarding associated clinical symptoms and antibodies to Swedish Ixodes ricinus spirochete. 11/26 (42%) of the patients had associated symptoms, compared to more than 90% of 314 American patients with ECM, as described by Steere et al. Only 2/26 (8%) had multiple skin lesions, compared to 48% of the American patients. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and circulating immune complexes were demonstrated in 6/25 (24%) and 8/25 patients (32%), respectively, as against in 53% and 84%, respectively, of the American patients. The antibody response to Ixodes ricinus spirochete was measured by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared to the 95% percentile of controls, significantly high antibody titers were demonstrated in 3/25 (12%) by IFA, and 7/25 (28%) by ELISA. The ELISA antibody titers differed significantly (p less than 0.05) between ECM-patients and controls. The spirochetal antibody response in ECM was also compared with that in spirochete-associated disease of the central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Preliminary data from a clinical trial (phase 2) of an acellular pertussis vaccine, J-NIH-6.

In the search for a new and better pertussis vaccine for general vaccination in Sweden, a clinical trial of an adsorbed acellular vaccine from Japan has been performed. The vaccine used was produced by Biken and contained only F-HA and the toxoid of pertussis toxin (LPF). The aims were: To demonstrate the serological response to primary vaccination of this adsorbed acellular vaccine in comparison to a plain whole cell vaccine. To compare the incidence of side reactions between the two types of vaccines and the adjuvant (aluminium phosphate) of the acellular vaccine used as placebo.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme immunoassay for detection of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and colitis.

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was developed to detect Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in stools from patients with antibiotic associated diarrhoea and colitis. Immune serum to crude Clostridium difficile toxin and non-immune serum were coated onto polystyrene microtiter plates to act as capture antibodies; toxins A and B in human stools were detected by antibodies from rabbits immunized with purified toxins A and B. The ELISA for toxin B showed cross-reactions with Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium sordellii and lacked diagnostic sensitivity in clinical samples. The ELISA for toxin A showed no cross-reactions with other clostridiae investigated and was positive in 33% (62/189) of patients with antibiotic associated diarrhoea. This compared with 38% (71/189) positive in the tissue culture assay for Clostridium difficile cytotoxin. With a predictive value of 96% in clinical specimens, the ELISA for toxin A constitutes a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea and colitis.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteins.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed with four purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular proteins (exotoxin A, elastase, alkaline protease, and phospholipase C) to determine antibody levels in sera from healthy subjects and the serological response in patients colonized or infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Five of 39 burn patients with wounds colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa had elevated antibody titers to alkaline protease. Response to the other antigens was found in only a few patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (septicemia, osteitis, pneumonia etc.) resulted in increased antibody levels to exotoxin A or phospholipase C in 15 of 22 patients. These findings suggest that repeated determinations of antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and phospholipase C might be used to monitor therapy in certain patients with osteitis and other deep Pseudomonas infections.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1985

The standardization of an assay for pertussis toxin and antitoxin in microplate culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

A microplate assay, based on the clustering effect induced by pertussis toxin (PT) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, has been developed and standardized. Toxin titration is done directly in the culture microplate by twofold dilutions of 25 microliters of test material to which are added 10 000 freshly trypsinized cells in 200 microliters of culture medium per well. The dilution causing the clustering effect is determined by direct microscopic observation after 48 h of incubation. The method allows detection of 50-100 pg toxin per millilitre. For determination of neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin), twofold dilutions of 25 microliters of antiserum are first made directly in the culture microplate. Thereafter 25 microliters of toxin, containing four times the minimal clustering concentration, is added to each well. After three hours for neutralization at +37 degrees C, cells are added, incubated and examined as above. The assay has been found to be simple and reproducible for measuring the antibody response to PT in human and different animal sera. For titration of bacteria associated toxin, the CHO cells are seeded and incubated for 24 h before the addition of bacteria. Incubation and examination are done as described for toxin titration.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Neutralizing antibodies to pertussis toxin in whooping cough.

The development and duration of neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin) to pertussis toxin were studied in 38 patients with culture-verified infections due to Bordetella pertussis and one patient with infection due to Bordetella parapertussis. An in vitro neutralization test in microplate culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells was used. An antitoxin response was recorded in 36 patients, the exceptions being two patients treated early with erythromycin (one of whom developed clinical pertussis two years later) and the patient with infection due to B. parapertussis. A long-term follow-up for several months to several years after disease showed maintenance of high antitoxin levels. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that antibodies to pertussis toxin mediate long-term immunity to whooping cough.

Adult↗