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M Grosclaude

Publications and source records attributed to M Grosclaude.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Occupational asthma and rhinitis: challenge tests and nasal hyperreactivity: current practice and future perspectives].

Nasal hypersensitivity is defined by an exaggerated response to certain specific stimuli such as a work-related agent, non-specific stimuli (irritant effect), or to allergic or inflammation mediators. The study of nasal hypersensitivity always involves provocation tests with other practical assays. In the occupational context, the provocation test most routinely used are "challenge tests", carried out with suspected substances provided by the patient, and non-specific tests with mediators (histamine and carbachol). Three complementary techniques-rhinomanometry, intranasal expiratory flow, and nasal lavage with cell and mediator studies, aim at three objectives. These are principally diagnostic and physiopathological, but are also possibly therapeutic. The authors describe in detail the technique of passive anterior rhinomanometry, nasal challenge tests and cholinergic challenges leading to a better understanding of non-specific nasal hypersensitivity. Future prospects concern the establishment of dose-response reactivity curves, exploration of the intranasal expiratory flows and research into nasal lavages with the study of cells and mediators released.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

[Challenge provocation tests and nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in occupational asthma].

The aim of the study is to determine the interest of realistic challenge (nasal and bronchial) in occupational respiratory symptoms appearing during work. 75 patients were included in the study. The protocol included prick tests, measuring total and specific IgE, spirometry and metacholine test to assess bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), realistic challenge by rhinomanometry and plethysmography measuring NR (nasal resistance) and RWA (Airway resistance). The test was considered positive if the RWA and/or NR were increased by 100%. 68% of the tests were positives in rhinomanometry and/or plethysmography. There is an BHR in 68% cases of occupational asthma. There is a quite strong correlation between the positivity of the realistic tests and the existence of a non specific BHR.

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnostic value of passive anterior rhinomanometry in everyday allergological practice. 4 years' experience].

Passive anterior rhinomanometry used for nasal provocation tests in respiratory allergology is a very easy test to perform. On the basis of five years' experience, the authors analyse their opinion concerning this technique and review the value of nasal challenge tests in allergic rhinitis. The only real problem is that of the quality of the allergen used, this being the essential factor in terms of correlation with other diagnostic tests (for D.P.: 66.6% between challenge test and skin tests, and 78.5% between challenge test and RAST). Indications are very wide and the results of nasal challenge provide a substantial diagnostic argument when taking therapeutic decisions. However it cannot serve as a substitute for the bronchial challenge test in cases of combined rhinitis and asthma since there are differences in sensitivity and reactivity between the nasal and bronchial mucosae.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1985

[Value of realistic exposure tests in the diagnosis of occupational asthma due to exotic woods].

Respiratory pathology related to the increased use of exotic woods has become much more extensive in recent years. The recognition of occupational asthma due to these woods is easy when the history is sufficiently striking. By contrast, the diagnosis may be much more difficult because of frequent inadequacy in classical allergological and immunological tests. This leads to the need for more extensive special investigations. Realistic tests are the most valuable. In the present report, the authors describe the results of such tests in 10 cases of occupational asthma due to exotic woods. They compared history (past, clinical manifestations), results of pulmonary function tests, allergological studies (skin tests and laboratory) and realistic exposure tests. They describe the principles, value, results, limitations and disadvantages.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Contribution of biological tests in the evaluation of professional asthma (author's transl)].

The eventual difficulties of diagnosing professional asthma sometimes need the help of methods of complementary diagnosis. The histamine-release test and that of basophils granules liberation are studied in this work, concerning 12 substances with a suspected allergenic action (saw-dust, textile fibres, chemicals, products of plant origin). The histamine-release and granules liberation tests were performed according to the techniques described respectively by Lichtenstein and Benveniste. Both examinations were positive in a concording manner in 8 cases out of 12, but this positivity was difficult to interprete for etiopathogenic reasons. The study of the curve of histamine-release in relation with the dose of allergen used in the test nevertheless enables to differentiate two types of answers, one related to an allergic mechanism, the other to an irritative one. These observations led to the deduction that a positive granules liberation test could be due to a non allergic mechanism. Negativity in both tests does not allow the rejection of the part played by these substances into the genesis of respiratory signs. Indeed these tests only investigate one part of the mechanisms which can be involved: direct stimulation of vagal irritant receptors and the plain pharmacological reactions escape from this type of biological investigations. The biological tests studied in this work can be used in a complementary fashion in the etiological survey of professional asthma but they cannot replace the realistic tests, more reliable because they react whatever the etiopathogenic mechanism involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[In vitro comparative study of the protective effect of different theophyllines on the leucocytes' histamine-release induced by antigen (author's transl)].

The recent discovery of the protective action of xanthic bases towards histamine-release consecutive to the antigen-antibody reaction led the authors to study the importance of this protection induced by various theophylline derivatives. The technique used was that described by LICHTENSTEIN and OSLER: isolation of leucocytes, measurement of histamine liberated in the presence of antigen, same measurement done in the presence of antigen and theophylline. The antigens used were: house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus (DP), graminaceae pollens. The tested theophyllines were: the theophylline base, aminophylline, bamiphylline, diprophylline, thio theo, piperazine acefilinate. All these substances studied brought a reduction of the histamine-release but according to a variable frequency and intensity: the thio theo, the diprophylline and the piperazine acefilinate gave the best results. Besides the latters are clearer when the antigen was dust or DP. This study enables the confirmation of the inhibiting action of theophyllines on histamine-release induced by antigen, but complementary studies on a larger number of cases seem necessary in order to determine precisely the most efficient derivatives.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

[Respiratory functional tests in professional asthma. Value of realistic tests (author's transl)].

The diagnosis of professional asthma raises problems that cannot be solved in many cases either by anamnestic data or by skin tests: realistic can then prove very useful. Reproducing in the laboratory the professional surroundings, these tests consist in studying the ventilatory variations induced by allergens inhaled during work. The authors report the results of these examinations done on 30 patients whose realistic tests were performed with controls of ventilatory variations by body plethysmography. Confirming the professional etiology of asthma was reached 16 times out of 30 by these tests. These substances concern: chemical products (9 cases), dust of plant or animal origin (4 cases), various saw dusts (2 cases), tissue extracts (1 case). These results enabled the authors to underline the interest of these tests which nevertheless have limits: a negative realistic test is not enough to eliminate this diagnosis, because it is not always possible to reproduce exactly the workshop atmosphere in the laboratory. On the contrary, a positive test does not necessarily mean that the asthma is truly and predominantly a professional asthma. Results must therefore always be interpreted in relation with the clinical context, although the mechanism involved is known to be variable. A positivity can be attributed to an allergic mechanism, a non immunological release of mediators, or simple irritative reactions. In spite of these draw-backs, realistic tests represent one of the best means of diagnosing professional asthma.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

[Value of lymphoblastic transformation test for diagnosis and treatment of microbial asthmas in adults (author's transl)].

A lymphoblastic transformation test (LTT) done on 9 germs in 30 patients (270 tests) with bacterial asthma was found positive 117 times out of 170 (43.3%) while the same study done on a control group of 100 non microbial asthma was generally negative (5% of positive responses). Positive LTT confirmed, in 59.2% of cases, the cutaneous tests. In the other cases, discrepancies can be found in both ways: positive LTT and negative cutaneous tests (16.9%) or the reverse (23.9%). The significance of disagreeing results is discussed. Specific desensitizations done only with the bacteria producing agreeing positive reactions, gave interesting though inconstant results.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Blood immunoglobulin deficiencies during bronchial asthma in the adult].

The study of serous immunoglobulins of 500 asthmatic patients enabled the authors to discover a deficit in one of the Ig in 93 cases (18.6%), mainly in cases of intrinsic allergic asthma with an important or dominant infectious character, or microbial asthma. It concerned partial shortages of usually only one Ig in each patient, mostly the IgG. The importance of these deficits is discussed, particularly in the origin of bacterial sensitivity of these asthmas and in the genesis of atopy. The problem of IgG reagins is also discussed. Practical deductions drawn form these findings are envisaged.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative effects of bamifylline and theophylline on allergenic bronchospasm induced by the provocative inhalation test : double-blind cross-over study].

Protective and curative effects of parenterally administered bamifylline and theophylline on bronchospasm induced by standardized house dust inhalation were studied in two series of eight patients with allergic asthma to house dust. Preventive effects were assessed by variations in liminal allergen dose (LAD) required to double resistance of the air passages (Rap), measured by barometric body plethysmography after determining basal LAD levels. Thirty minutes afer a slow i.v. injection of bamifylline, and LAD mean value reached 920 +/- 950 % of control value, and was still at 830 +/- 1 000 % after 60 minutes. After theophylline, mean LAD values were 750 +/- 980 % at 30 minutes and 700 +/- 970 % at 60 minutes, a non-significant difference. Curative activity was evaluated by studying changes in Rap after the provocative inhalation test with house dust, the test being immediately followed by the administration of either bamifylline or theophylline. Similar results were also obtained employing this test : reduction in Rap of 35 +/- 17 % for bamifylline and 48 +/- 13 % for theophylline (non-significant difference) after 30 minutes, and of 38 +/- 25 % for bamifylline and 48 +/- 14 % for theophylline (non-significant difference) after 60 minutes. These findings suggest that these two xanthine derivatives possess comparable protective and curative effects against bronchospasm induced by allergen inhalation.

Adult↗