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M Gudnadóttir

Publications and source records attributed to M Gudnadóttir.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Experiments with inactivated visna-maedi vaccine.

Sixteen Icelandic sheep were vaccinated against Visna-Maedi infection with formalin inactivated whole virus vaccine to which alun was added as an adjuvant. Western Blots showed that all the vaccinees responded to the major proteins of the virus. They all developed neutralizing antibodies ranging in titers from 1/8-1/256 at maximum for individual sheep. Passive transfer of antibodies and neutralizing activity from vaccinated ewes to their lambs was demonstrated. Exposure of the 16 vaccinees and their 16 unvaccinated control sheep to natural infection is attempted by housing them with heavily infected sheep. After 9 months of exposure there is no seroconversion in the unvaccinated group. Only time can tell, whether or not such conventional vaccination with inactivated vaccine protects the vaccinees.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of immunoblots with neutralizing and complement fixing antibodies in experimental and natural cases of visna-maedi.

In this study the humoral antibody response in visna-maedi virus disease in sheep during long-term infection was analyzed utilizing immunoblot assays, neutralization tests and complement fixation tests. In immunoblot assays antibodies to several virus specific protein bands were detected, both against the viral envelope glycoproteins and internal proteins of the virus. The immunoblot reaction pattern resembled that found in HIV-1 infection in humans, consistent with reported similar molecular weight of the major proteins of these two viruses. The immunoblot band pattern was compared with the pattern of complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies through the preclinical and clinical course in natural and experimental cases of visna-maedi. Of six immunoblot bands identified as virus specific, the antibody response against three gag products and the major env glycoprotein appeared early in infection, at a similar time as the complement fixing antibodies. The response against two proteins, one presumably the transmembrane protein and the other possibly a gag precursor, was delayed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prevention of congenital rubella in Iceland by antibody screening and immunization of seronegative females.

A programme to eradicate congenital rubella from Iceland was started in 1979, based on (1) screening of all females aged 12-45 years for rubella antibodies and (2) vaccination of all seronegative persons with the RA/27/3 rubella vaccine, given free of charge. Thus, individual protection was offered to all who needed it. The collection of serum samples was planned to last for 2 years while, simultaneously, the already established rubella screening and immunization programmes for 12-year-old schoolgirls and pregnant women continued.During assessment in 1983, 95.2% of females in the first 7 age groups (by now aged 14-20 years) participating in the school programme had been tested and 80.4% of them were found to be naturally immune. Of the seronegatives, 93.7% were subsequently vaccinated, thus giving an overall immunity rate of 98.8%. Among the women in the peak of the childbearing period (by now aged 21-35 years), 84.4% had been tested and 92.7% were found to be naturally immune; vaccination of 61.4% of seronegative individuals then gave an overall immunity rate of 97.2% for this age group.If it is assumed that the natural immunity rate of females still untested is like that of the above groups, then the percentage of non-immune persons is at present 2.1% in the younger group and 3.4% in the older.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Slow viral infections of animals: experimental models for human disease.

Sigurdsson's three criterions for a slow viral infection are quoted and discussed and the background of his work briefly described. A fourth criterion for a slow viral infection, is suggested, infection of the hosts lymphoid tissues, which is a common feature of slow infections that have been observed. The general properties of the maedi-visna virus, the diseases and the immune response it causes are discussed. Sheep and goats are susceptible to natural maedi-visna infection. In the goat an identical retrovirus causes arthritis. Arthritis has not been found in maedi-visna infected sheep. Two subacute spongiform encephalopathies of animals are shortly reviewed, scrapie in sheep and goats and transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME). General properties of the very unusual scrapie agent are mentioned briefly. The third type of a slow viral infection is mentioned, Aleutian mink disease, an immunopathological disorder of certain minks caused by a selective infection of lymphoid cells.

Aleutian Mink Disease↗
PubMed1981

Experience of vaccination with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines in Iceland.

Iceland, as a few other European countries, has used inactivated vaccine against poliomyelitis from the beginning in 1956. No cases of paralytic polio occurred since 1960. For 17 years neither isolations of poliovirus nor suspected cases of the clinical disease have been recorded. Studies on neutralizing antibodies in sera of vaccinees were not too encouraging after 4 injections. A 5th vaccination of IPV was therefore given to those children who lacked antibodies to any type of poliovirus. One month after the 5th injection 70% had antibodies against all 3 types of poliovirus and only 2% lacked antibodies against both types 1 and 3. In countries where no virus to boost immunity exists any longer during the life of an individual it may be necessary to secure booster effects at regular intervals after primary vaccination and later in life. This will be included in the vaccination schedule against polio in Iceland.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost-effectiveness of different strategies for prevention of congenital rubella infection: a practical example from Iceland.

Cost-benefit analyses show that prevention of congenital rubella infection is cost-effective. Before selection of a strategy, local epidemiologic and social factors need examination. Analyzing these factors may lead to considerable cost reduction, especially if results from preexisting screening programs are available. The cost-effectiveness of different strategies are compared in Iceland. Systematic screening of women and teenage girls, with vaccination of seronegative persons, was more cost-effective than vaccination of all children. Previously unscreened females aged 12-40 years were screened and seronegative females were vaccinated for one-third the cost of vaccinating all children aged two to 12 years. Continuation of this program by vaccinating 12-year-old girls was two to three times more cost-effective than vaccination of all two-year-old children. Use of rubella vaccine in combined vaccines proved the most expensive strategy, with or without revaccination of teenagers.

Adolescent↗