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Biomedical subjects

M Gueguen

Publications and source records attributed to M Gueguen.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Experimental approach of activity and mechanism(s) of action of drugs used in cerebral metabolic insufficiency. Application to 1-eburnamonine.

The authors described an experimental approach, specially using oral administration, of drugs used in cerebral metabolic insufficiencies and its application to l-eburnamonine (l-EB). Administered orally, l-EB: (1) significantly increased the cerebral consumption of [14C]- deoxyglucose in normoxic mice; (2) decreased the fall in cerebral energy charge (ECP) of rats after an acute normobaric hypoxia, and (3) stimulated the glycolysis of red blood cells (RBC) in healthy volunteers (repeated administrations) as demonstrated by important increases in 2,3-DPG and ATP, i.e., in factors involved in the bioavailability of oxygen (oxygen transport activity and RBC deformability). The results therefore demonstrate oral activity of l-EB in animals and man. They are in agreement with previous data showing cerebral metabolic stimulant and antihypoxic effects following parenteral administration, in animals. They allow to propose that l-EB acts both at cerebral and extracerebral levels and constitute objective biochemical proof of the activity of l-EB in man. The study of new drugs may be done using the same experimental approach.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1981

Filterability and bank blood conservation media.

A study was made of storage lesions of packed red cells stored in different preservative media: CPD, CPD-adenine, CPD-SAG, and CPD-pentoxifylline. The following chemical and physical parameters were studied: filterability, viscosity, ATP, 2-3,DPG pH, osmotic fragility, scanning electron microscopy pattern, blood gas levels. Tests were performed on days 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24. The number and intensity of storage lesions in vitro give an indication of changes in oxygen-delivery capacity and flow characteristics of erythrocytes over a period of storage at 4 degrees C in different preservative media. CPD was found to maintain pertinent RBC properties up to Day 15. Adding adenine made little difference, whereas adding SAG gave better results. Pentoxifylline did not show appreciable effects in the initial concentrations used, which were close to those employed in medical practice. A preservative mixture ensuring maintenance of normal blood values during storage at 4 degrees C has yet to be found. Continued study of pentoxifylline should be conducted using higher concentrations of this additive.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

HLA and Graves' disease: an association with HLA-DRw3.

HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens were tested by a standard lymphocyte microcytotoxicity technique in 86 Caucasians patients from western France with Graves' disease, and the data were compared with findings in 356 healthy controls. For HLA-DR antigen typing performed by lymphocyte microcytotoxicity testing using a long incubation time, the data were compared to findings in 100 healthy controls. An increase was found in the frequency of HLA-DRw3 [51.16% of patients vs. 20% of controls, corrected P (Pc) < 0.0003; relative risk (rr), 4.19) associated with an increased frequency of HLA-B8 (44.19% of patients vs. 22.47% of controls; Pc < 0.001; rr, 2.73) and HLA-A1 (40.7% of patients vs. 28.93% of controls; Pc < 0.03; rr, 1.71). In contrast, a diminished frequency was found for HLA-B12 (12.79% vs. 31.74%; Pc < 0.01). The antigen combination B8-DRw3 was noted in 37 of the 86 Graves' disease patients compared with 13 of 100 controls (Pc < 0.00003). No association was observed between HLA antigens and the different manifestations of the disease, such as the presence of goiter and/or exophthalmos, or the severity of clinical or biochemical signs. The present findings confirm the reported increase in the frequency of HLA-B8 in patients with Graves' disease. The most striking finding was the prevalence of HLA-DRw3, which, together with recent reports on lymphocyte-defined D locus determinants pointing to an increase frequency of HLA-Dw3, suggests that the gene or genes conferring susceptibility to Graves' disease may be located close to the HLA-D (DR) region of the sixth chromosome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transfusion therapy and HLA antibody response in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

HLA antibody formation was studied in 212 patients undergoing open-heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass in relation to the following variables: sex, obstetric history, transfusion history, quantity and nature of blood products transfused, type of oxygenator used, duration of bypass, and time of assay. Postoperative alloimmunization was seen in 33.6 percent of males and 64.3 percent of females. Previous pregnancy seemed to favor the development of antibody. No statistically significant correlation was noted between alloimmunization and the amount of blood products transfused. The best time for assay was day eight following surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Erythrocytes and alcohol: hemorheologic manifestations of alcoholism].

Hemorheological parameters were studied in 218 subjects: 129 alcoholic liver diseases, 19 alcoholic patients without liver damage, 20 liver diseases without alcoholism and 50 controls. Whole blood filtration (WBF) is significantly decreased in the group of alcoholic patients; whole blood and plasma viscosity are increased in the groups of alcoholic patients as well as in the group of non alcoholic liver diseases. The liver damage seems not to be a determining factor to the genesis of filterability impairment. Alcohol and/or one of its metabolites induce erythrocytes morphological alterations (scanning electro-microscopy) correlated with some alterations of the RBC membrane lipids content (increased cholesterol/phospholipids ratio). It is suggested that these hemorheological patterns must be discussed in cases of alcoholic liver diseases as well as in following up alcohol withdrawal.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[HLA DRW3 and Graves' disease (author's transl)].

HLA A, B, C antigens were studied in 86 caucasians with Graves' disease, using the lymphocytotoxicity microtechnique. Results were compared to those obtained in 336 healthy controls. HLA DR antigens were studied by the technique of microlymphocytotoxicity after long incubation and results compared to those of 100 healthy controls. There is an increased incidence of DRW3: 51.6% as compared to 20% in controls with a high degree of statistical significance pc less than 0,0003. There is also an increased incidence of B8: 44,19% in Graves' disease against 22,47% in controls pc less than 0,001. These results agree with the conclusions of two recent studies where the incidence of DW3 analyzed by a lymphocytic mixed culture was greater than incidence of the B8 antigen.

Female↗