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Biomedical subjects

M Guillaud

Publications and source records attributed to M Guillaud.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Mammary microcalcifications: is there a consensus on interpretation and management?].

Twenty two view mammograms without magnification, with microcalcifications corresponding to non palpable breast lesions, were submitted to 23 experienced observers, either gynaecologists or radiologists. These mammograms consisted of 10 malignant lesions and 10 benign lesions; all of them underwent surgical procedures. The microcalcifications were graded and categorized into one of the four groups: malignant; suspect; slightly suspect; benign. One of the four options was proposed: biopsy; mammogram within 3 months; mammogram within 6 months; mammogram within a year. Twelve observers out of 23 have referred to a classification. The mammograms were assessed according to a consensus. The validity of that diagnostic test was studied in various clinical situations and the lack of homogeneity of the responses was quantified. In the trade-off situation between sensitivity and specificity (suspect or malignant considered as positive), sensitivity is 50% and specificity is 70%. Moreover, the responses are not homogeneous at all and this lack of homogeneity is found to be statistically significant, greater than by chance alone. The diagnosis of cancer is more frequently put forward by the radiologists. This study explains the low predictive value of non palpable microcalcifications undergoing surgical procedures: from 11.5 to 44% in the literature. Similarly, there is no agreement on the frequency of the follow-up for these microcalcifications when they do not lead to surgical procedures.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1991

[The value of immunohistochemistry in the analysis of axillary node dissection].

Immuno-histochemistry (IHC) was used and compared with Hemalum-Eosin-Safran (HES) in the analysis of the products of axillary lymphatic clearance in 42 women had breast cancer. In 32 patients who were negative by the HES test there was no lymph metastasis found by the IHC test in the 365 lymph nodes which were examined. In 3 out of 10 patients who were positive which the HES test 2 extra lymph node invasions were found, and one breach in the lymph node capsule that had not been diagnosed through HES testing were found. A review of the literature shows that the IHC test has never been show to be inferior to the HES test. The number of additional nodes that have been invaded varies between 0.9-11% in infiltrating canalicular carcinomas. The changes of the IHC test is greater in infiltrating lobular carcinomas. It varies between seven and 33%. Although the technique for using IHC is longer, it is easier to read the result and this method should be set up in current practice.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viral antibody in Senegal: environmental and vectorial correlates.

The spatial pattern in Senegal of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus IgG antibody prevalence in human and sheep was determined as was the relative abundance of potential tick vectors. A systematic, country-wide serological survey of sheep demonstrated that 10.4% of sheep exhibited IgG to CCHF virus. Sexes were infected equally. Antibody prevalence increased with age from 2.1% during the first year to 18.2% among sheep greater than or equal to 3 years of age. IgG prevalence was highest in the northern, arid Sahelian zone, averaging 75.7% seropositivity, and decreased to zero in the southern, moister Sudano-Guinean and Guinean zones. Human IgG prevalence ranged from 21% to less than 1% among the 8 sites that were sampled throughout the country, being greatest in the arid north and least in the south. Hyalomma ssp. ticks predominated in those biotopes where antibody prevalence was highest. The abundance of Hyalomma ticks may be the proximal determinant of endemic transmission.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Disseminated histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and sarcoidosis. Apropos of a case].

Histoplasma capsulatum can, sometimes, simulate sarcoidosis, clinically and pathologically. A case is reported in which disseminated histoplasmosis is proved only by fungus granulomatous tissue. Another similar cases of the literature incite to propose the practice of special stains, above all Gomori-Grocott technical, before sarcoid-like lesions. Lesions pathogeny was discussed. In our case it's not possible to eliminate the role of primary sarcoidosis in disseminated histoplasmosis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1986

[Immunohistochemistry of thyroglobulin in the diagnosis of clear cell carcinomas of the cervical region].

6 thyroid gland and 3 cervical lymph node clear-cells carcinomas are investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence detection of thyroglobulin. Immunofluorescence was positive only in 1 case, which was a primitive thyroid carcinoma. In 7 other cases, its negativity pointed at the metastatic nature of the lesion, from a clear cell carcinoma of kidney (in 4 cases, nephrectomy was very remote, and in 3 cases, the renal lesion was discovered after our examination of the thyroid tumour). One observation showed negative staining reaction, and was a propagation of a parathyroid carcinoma to the thyroid gland. It is concluded that thyroglobulin can be used as an immunohistochemical marker to establish whether a clear cell cervical tumour originates from thyroid gland, or is a metastatic neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined Barrett's esophagus. Analysis of 13 esophagectomies.

From 1977 to 1982, 13 patients with adenocarcinoma arising in the distal esophagus lined by columnar epithelium underwent esophagectomy with detailed analysis of the pathologic specimen. In three patients, microinvasive carcinoma was detected before dysplasia occurred. In five patients, the ectopic mucosa was discontinuous, prolonged cranially by islands of columnar epithelium scattered in the squamous mucosa. Variable degrees of dysplasia were found in the columnar epithelium in seven specimens in areas of intestinal metaplasia. In four patients with high-grade dysplasia, several foci of intramucosal carcinoma were identified. They were scattered over the whole length of the ectopic mucosa. These data strongly suggest that adenocarcinoma develops from dysplasia, the real premalignant lesion. Careful periodic screening must be carried out in patients identified as having Barrett's esophagus. Dysplasia may be detected and located by endoscopy with dye spraying with directed biopsies. Patients with high-grade dysplasia should undergo esophagectomy with resection of the whole ectopic mucosa because they are at high risk for development of carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Carcinoembryonic antigen in intestinal lavage fluids and the tissue of colorectal tumors].

Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was carried out in 48 intestinal washing fluids (21 from healthy subjects, 15 from patients with polyps and 12 from patients with colorectal carcinoma). The histologic study of polyps and the histologic and immunohistochemical studies of tumors were realized. In the polyps's group, the mean of ACE is significantly higher than that of the volunteers's group, but 7 subjects have a CEA level below the mean and 8 subjects have a CEA level twice this mean. Furthermore, the CEA level seemed to be independent of histologic grade of polyps. The mean of CEA levels in the subjects with colorectal carcinoma is significantly higher than that of volunteers, but 4 of 12 patients have a CEA level below the mean of healthy subjects. The CEA levels are very variable for an identical stage of tumor's differentiation and is independent of Dukes stage (B-C or D). CEA determination in intestinal washing fluids allows neither the detection nor the appreciation of intestinal carcinoma's extend.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of 100 autopsies performed in the maternity service of the Hôtel-Dieu in Lyon during an 18 month period].

100 Necropsies have been performed from January 1983 to June 1984, on 53 abortus and stillborn and 47 therapeutic terminations of pregnancy. All fetuses came from the same obstetric unit. Half spontaneous fetal deaths remained of unknown aetiology; in 18 cases (34%) placental, maternal or pregnancy pathology existed; fetal abnormalities were discovered in 10 (18%). As for therapeutic interruptions of pregnancy (the indications of which are detailed) the importance of ultrasonography emphasized since this technique allowed 25 of the 47 prenatal diagnosis. The importance of necropsy to help precise diagnosis and subsequent counselling is also recalled.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1982

[Amphicrine, mucoid and argyrophile tumors of the breast. Histochemical and ultrastructural study of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of mucoargyrophilic carcinomas of the breast, occurring in 73 and 81 year old women. Both tumors consist of a central mucoid carcinoma surrounded by solid areas with lobular or endocrinoid features. Most cells showed an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm or a mucinous appearance. The histochemical reactions (Grimelius-Alcian Blue, Grimelius-Mucicarmine) and the ultrastructural study of the peripheral areas disclosed several cell types: poorly differentiated or mucinous cells were present in both cases; but most of the cells were argyrophilic and contained in their hyaloplasm numerous dense core "neurosecretory" granules; such cells revealed many microfilaments arranged in bundles or in whorls. Amphicrine cells were easily demonstrated by histochemical staining and their cytoplasm showed both endocrine granules and mucinous vesicles. These features suggest a possible relationship to other argyrophilic tumors of the breast. The histogenesis of these tumors is still little known.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1977

[Colonic and rectal villous tumors. Comparative study of treatment by surgery or radiotherapy. Report of 104 cases].

The authors report and analyse two series of observations of colonic and rectal villous tumours. 47 treated initially by surgical removal, 57 treated by radiotherapy, (contact radiotherapy or interstitial radium therapy). After recalling the basic pathology, they expose the results of each group of treatment and draw practical conclusions. The treatment should first be surgical, the method depending on the site and volume of the tumour; radiotherapy may be a beneficial complement when the tumour is malignant and non-invasive or when a recurrence occurs. It may exceptionally be used as a cure when the tumour has a small diameter (less than 3 cm) and is situated less than 12 cm from the anus.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[Crohn's disease. Apropos of 72 surgical cases].

The authors report a series of 72 cases of Crohn's disease, and discuss the clinical and pathological aspects, the surgical treatment and results. A critical study of the operations in view of the requirements of the disease showed that incomplete resection was mainly responsible for the recurrences. In most cases, the word relapse was more suitable to describe the poor results noted. Immediate radical removal gives such good results that these outweigh the functional disadvantages.

Adolescent↗