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Biomedical subjects

M Gulisano

Publications and source records attributed to M Gulisano.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Metastatic breast cancer: an analysis of prognostic factors in patients treated with aminoglutethimide.

An analysis of 127 women with metastatic breast cancer was carried out. All patients were treated with aminoglutethimide: of 117 evaluable patients, 29 responded, 46 remained stable and 42 progressed. A series of patients' characteristics were analyzed for their prognostic importance for response to this drug. The most important features able to predict response were found to be a previous response to tamoxifen and a long disease-free survival after mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A phase II study of mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer.

A phase II study with mitoxantrone has been carried out in 30 metastatic breast cancer patients. Of 26 evaluable patients 7 (26.9%) experienced a partial response; 7 (26.9%) patients had stable disease and 12 (46.1%) had progression. Major toxicity observed was: nausea and vomiting in 52% of patients, moderate hair loss in 53% of patients and leukopenia in 53%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Blood vessel size of circulus arteriosus cerebri (circle of Willis): a statistical research on 100 human subjects.

The brain weight of 100 fresh cadavers of Italian subjects (60 males and 40 females), aged between 17 and 84 years, was obtained and the corrected circumference of the following blood vessels was measured: basilar artery, internal carotid arteries, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, and anterior and posterior communicating arteries. The cerebral 'potential flow' was expressed in each case by adding the circumference of the basilar artery to that of the internal carotid arteries. Moreover, the sides and the perimeter of the circle of Willis as well as the length of the basilar artery were calculated. The statistical analysis of the obtained data yielded the following main results: (1) the brain weight decreases with aging, is lower in females than in males and and is statistically correlated neither with the circumferences of the considered arteries and the 'potential flow' nor with the perimeter of the arterial polygon (circle of Willis); (2) the arteries of the left side appear to be larger than those of the right one; (3) no significant difference exists in the circumference and length of the arteries between males and females; (4) the increase of the perimeter of the arterial polygon is achieved by means of a harmonious increase of all its sides; (5) the anterior and posterior communicating arteries have an anarchic pattern, because of the relatively frequent anomalies and the lack of a correlation between their circumference and that of the vessel of origin or of outlet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Statistical study of the anatomo-radiologic characteristics of the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica].

On 300 human cranial radiograms (150 males and 150 females) the three dimensions and the volume of the sphenoidal sinus and sella turcica as well as the cranial diameters have been measured. The male/female differences in the mean values for each diameter and for the volumes, assayed by Student's t test, indicate a male preponderance in the case of the sphenoidal sinus. No significant correlation seems to relate the sizes of the sphenoidal sinus and sella turcica with the Cranial Index and the cranial diameters. Furthermore, no significant correlation has been found relating the size of the sphenoidal sinus with that of the sella turcica.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The behaviour of some human arteries as regards the corrected circumference: a statistical research.

In 500 human fresh cadavers (250 males and 250 females) the corrected circumference has been measured of the following arteries: aorta, coronary arteries, branches of the aortic arch, arteries of the base of the brain, iliac arteries. Elaborating these data by a computer, the following age power function, expressing the arterial circumference, has been found: y = Kxn less than 1, being y the corrected circumference, x the age and K and n constants, specific for each artery. By means of this equation the inconstancy of the measured data has been suppressed. The statistical elaboration has given the following results: 1. No evidence has been found on a statistically significant difference between male and female arteries, even if the male sex has generally vessels a little larger than the female sex. 2. No evidence has been found on a statistically significant difference between right and left arteries, even if, generally, the right vessels are a little larger than the left ones. On the other hand, for the coronary arteries and for the vertebral arteries, the left side is prevalent. 3. As a general statement, there is evidence that the arterial circumference of considered vessels increases with ageing.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Statistical research on the corrected circumference variations of some human arteries related to sex, side and age.

The corrected circumference of the common and internal carotid arteries, the subclavian arteries, the common, external and internal iliac arteries has been measured in 500 human fresh cadavers. The collected data have been statistically elaborated and the age power function (y = k x n less than 1) has been found. Generally no significant difference has been noticed between the right and the left side as well as between the two sexes. As a general statement, there is some evidence that the arterial circumference of considered vessels increases progressively with ageing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning electron microscopy of the human vas deferens epithelium following oestrogenic treatment.

Human vas deferens from 4 subjects submitted to a prolonged oestrogenic therapy was observed with SEM. The microvilli, characterizing the cell apices in the normal cases, are considerably reduced in number and length. Some cells show thin laminar folds (microplicae) arranged in a complicated labyrinth in the central zone of the apocal surface. The globular apical extrusions characterizing the normal vas deferens secretory cells are no longer present. These observations indicate the decrease of the absorbent capacity and the fall of the secretory function in the vas deferens epithelium following oestrogenic treatment.

Epithelium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning electron microscopic observations on the epithelium of the human spongy urethra.

The human spongy urethras of individuals submitted to emasculation because of glans carcinoma have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The luminal surface of the organ shows longitudinal folds and small glandular openings, surrounded by epithelial elements arranged in form of rosettes. Spermatozoa, partially degenerated, adhere to the epithelium. The slightly prominent apices of the superficial epithelial cells are more or less polygonal in shape and covered with short microvilli among which small granules as possible morphological expression of a secretory activity are detectable. Only seldom microplicae, intermingled with microvilli, can be observed. Additionally, some apices appear swollen and protrude into the lumen. Such a pattern may be escalated so that a cell seems to transform itself into a globular mass and then is expulsed from the epithelial surface. Sometimes an epithelial cell appears empty of its contents: only the crumpled plasmalemma remains. This may represent the morphological expression of an apocrine or holocrine secretory activity of the superficial epithelium. In few cases, the proximal portion of the spongy urethra shows small groups of ciliated elements.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lyoprotected nanosphere formulations for paclitaxel controlled delivery.

The preparation and technological characterization of nanosphere formulations (NS) containing the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) are reported. Poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres (NS) were prepared by a solvent displacement method. They showed a mean particle size in the range 150-300 nm, with a high homogeneity (polydispersity index < 0.3). For long term stability, NS require additional procedures, such as freeze-drying. In this study, the effect on NS particle size and surface charge of different lyoprotectants (mono- and disaccharides, polyalcohols, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin) at various concentrations was tested by means of light scattering size analysis. The formulations freeze-dried with the addition of 10% glucose (w/v) showed interesting characteristics after freeze-drying. They were chosen for specific studies on drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release and biological activity on the human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line 8305C. The PLGA NS, in particular, showed a cell growth inhibitory activity comparable to the free drug.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gemcitabine in normal and transformed human lung cell cultures: cytotoxicity and increase in radiation sensitivity.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Several anticancer drugs increase cell sensitivity to irradiation. Gemcitabine (2', 2' difluorodeoxycytidine) decreases the cellular dNTP pools and thus significantly increases the sensitivity to the DNA damaging effects of low-dose radiation. In this study we have investigated whether gemcitabine may play a role as radiosensitizer also in lung adenocarcinoma treatment. METHODS & STUDY DESIGN: We studied this nucleoside analogue in normal and transformed human cell lines (fetal lung and lung adenocarcinoma). After drug treatment, cell lines were irradiated with different doses. Cell damage following drug treatment and/or irradiation was assessed by measuring intracellular ATP level and by the colony forming assay. RESULTS: The two cell lines significantly differed in their sensitivity to the toxic effects of the drug; the normal cell line was much more resistant than its transformed counterpart. This difference was observed in both assays, although it was more evident in the colony forming assay. A low radiation dose (50-100 cGy) did not cause any significant damage to transformed cells; normal cells were more resistant and doses up to 500 cGy caused little damage. However, when transformed cells were pretreated for three hours with gemcitabine, even a nontoxic concentration of the drug (1-10 nM) caused a marked sensitization of the cells to irradiation (50-100 cGy). The radiosensitizing effect of gemcitabine could be observed also in normal cells, although these cells were more resistant to the damaging effects of both anticancer treatments. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that gemcitabine, a chemotherapeutic agent already used in the clinic, could be proposed as a radiosensitizer for radiation therapy of lung adenocarcinoma, having a clearly potentiating effect on lowdose radiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗