PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Gunnarsson

Publications and source records attributed to M Gunnarsson.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Microsurgical correction of posttesticular obstruction. Peroperative findings and postoperative semen quality.

Exploration for microsurgical reconstruction of the vas deferens or its epididymal junction was performed in 47 consecutively treated men. Epididymovasostomy was planned in 27 cases. Malformation was found in five and Young's syndrome in nine, and most of the others had a history of urogenital infections. Reconstruction was accomplished in 17 cases. Nine were azoospermic preoperatively. Four (three with Young's syndrome/malformation) remained so, whereas patency was demonstrated in four and one did not supply a semen specimen postoperatively. Eight had severe unexplained oligozoospermia preoperatively, and in four of them the sperm counts normalized postoperatively while the other four remained oligozoospermic. In no case did preoperative oligozoospermia progress to azoospermia postoperatively. Complete normalization of all spermiogram parameters occurred in only two cases after epididymovasostomy. Of the 20 who underwent reversal of vasectomy, 17 provided semen for postoperative testing. 16/17 specimens contained spermatozoa, but spermiograms, including penetration tests, were completely normal in only three cases. This study indicates a discrepancy between good patency and good semen quality. Our study also suggests that some men with unexplained severe oligozoospermia are as likely to benefit from epididymovasostomy as are azoospermic men.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Circumvaginal surface electromyography in women with urinary incontinence and in healthy volunteers.

In this study we developed a probe for surface EMG investigation of the circumvaginal muscle function in women with various forms of urinary incontinence. 69 women were investigated, 20 healthy volunteers, 25 patients with stress incontinence, 11 with urge incontinence and 13 with a mixed type of incontinence. We found that the circumvaginal surface EMG activity at short lasting (2 sec) maximum contraction was significant lower in patients with incontinence compared to healthy volunteers. We also found that the ability to hold a maximum contraction during one minute was significant reduced in all the patient groups compared to controls. The results suggest that patients with stress, urge or mixed incontinence all seem to have a defective function of the circumvaginal musculature. A common aetiology for stress, urge and mixed incontinence seems to be a reasonable working hypothesis for future investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nebulized corticosteroid improves pulmonary function and outcome in experimental porcine septicemia.

Nebulized beclomethasone dipropionate was administered to six anesthetized and artificially ventilated pigs at 6-hourly intervals after infusion of live S. aureus (aerosol group). Changes in pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange and hemodynamics during an observation period of 44 h were compared with those in six pigs subjected to the same insults but given no corticosteroid (non-treatment group). Six pigs served as controls, without sepsis or aerosol, but with the same general management (control group). The septic insult induced an acute 3-fold increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in the aerosol and non-treatment group. MPAP fell to near baseline levels in the aerosol group, but remained significantly higher in the non-treatment group. Mean systemic arterial pressure fell more in the non-treatment than in the aerosol group, reaching its lowest level at 32 h. Pulmonary function was less affected in the aerosol group, with significantly better maintenance of arterial oxygenation, lower venous admixture and superior lung-thorax compliance than in the non-treatment group. Survival was significantly improved in the aerosol group. In this porcine model of septicemia-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome, nebulized corticosteroid thus attenuated the development of respiratory failure.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1984

Mucolytic agents and mucociliary activity.

The three substances bromhexine, NA 872 (bromhexine metabolite VIII) and the beta 2-receptor agonist NAB 365 (clenbuterol) and their effect on the mucociliary activity have been studied in vivo in rabbits. The substances were given parenterally in increasing dosages and 519 records were obtained from 12 rabbits. Not even at dosages in excess of recommended human dosages has any effect on the mucociliary activity been observed for any of the substances during the first 30 minutes after administration. The conclusion to be drawn is that the three substances have no effect on the mucociliary activity in rabbit in vivo, but that this does not exclude an effect on mucociliary transport or clearance.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1983

Platelet aggregation induced by 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in Type IIB von Willebrand's disease.

Type IIB von Willebrand's disease is a distinct form of this disorder, in which there are abnormal factor VIII/von Willebrand factor multimers in plasma (but normal multimers in platelets) and heightened interaction between the von Willebrand factor and platelets in the presence of ristocetin. We have found that infusion of desmopressin acetate (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin [DDAVP]), an agent used in the treatment of von Willebrand's disease, causes platelet aggregation and thrombocytopenia in patients with Type IIB disease. In vitro, platelets in normal plasma and those obtained from patients with Type IIB disease before DDAVP infusion aggregated upon the addition of platelet-poor plasma from Type IIB patients treated with DDAVP. Platelet aggregation was associated with adsorption of multimers of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor onto the platelets and was inhibited by EDTA. We conclude that in Type IIB von Willebrand's disease, DDAVP releases an abnormal factor with platelet-aggregating properties. DDAVP should not be used to treat patients with Type IIB disease, since the presence of platelet aggregates in the circulation may be harmful.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exposure to chlorine gas: effects on pulmonary function and morphology in anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated pigs.

We have examined the effects of chlorine gas inhalation (110 and 140 ppm) on cardiovascular and pulmonary function in nine anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated pigs. Four additional pigs, which were similarly treated but not exposed to gas, served as controls. Severe pulmonary dysfunction developed when the animals were exposed to 100 l of 140 ppm chlorine gas for 10 min. Five of six animals died within 6 h of exposure. This dose induced a rapid drop in arterial oxygen tension (P < 0.001 compared with controls, ANOVA), a biphasic decline in lung compliance (P < 0.001) and a gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (P < 0.001) that eventually caused a significant reduction in cardiac output (P < 0.05). Microscopic examination showed sloughing of the bronchial epithelium and early infiltration with leukocytes, but largely intact alveoli. The sequence of events and the microscopic appearance suggested that the initial stage of pulmonary dysfunction (the first 1 or 2 h) was the result of mismatching of ventilation and perfusion. This was followed at a later stage by interstitial oedema and migration of immunocompetent cells into the tissue. We conclude that exposure to 100 l of 140 ppm chlorine gas induces a severe stereotypic lung injury with high mortality within 6 h in this anaesthetised animal model.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Guidelines for prophylactic radical lymph node dissection in cases of carcinoma of the external ear.

All cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the external ear that were treated at the ENT Clinic, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, between 1970 and 1977 were analyzed retrospectively to determine parameters for predicting the development of metastases. These cases included 62 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 77 years. The frequency of metastases for these patients was 16.4%. The carcinomas were graded according to four parameters: depth of growth, mode of invasion, cellular differentiation, and cellular plasmolymphocytic response. We concluded that depth of growth and mode of invasion were the most useful of these parameters and that prophylactic lymph node dissection should be performed in cases of tumors larger than 4 cm in diameter, of tumors infiltrating the cartilage, and of smaller tumors with maximum scores for depth of growth and mode of invasion.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution and tissue expression of semenogelin I and II in man as demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.

Semenogelin I and II (Sgl, Sgll) are two separate gene products of chromosome 20 with extensive (80%) identity in primary structure. They are mainly responsible for immediate gel formation of freshly ejaculated semen. Degradation of Sgl and Sgll is due to the proteolytic action of prostate-specific antigen (PSA); it results within 5-15 minutes in liquefaction of semen and release of progressively motile spermatozoa. By means of cDNA cloning and Northern blots, Sgl and Sgll transcripts have previously been shown to be abundant in human seminal vesicles, but Sgll alone is suggested to be expressed at low levels in the epididymis. To characterize the expression and tissue distribution of Sgl and Sgll in greater detail, we produced monoclonal immunoglobulin Gs (lgGs for immunocytochemistry (lCC) and specific [35S]-, digoxigenin-, or alkaline phosphatase-labeled 30-mer antisense probes to Sgl and Sgll for in situ hybridization (lSH). Immunocytochemical staining for both Sgl and Sgll, and lSH detection of both Sgl and Sgll transcripts, were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of seminal vesicle epithelium. lSH showed Sgll alone to be expressed in the epithelium of the epididymal cauda. Neither lCC nor lSH yielded any evidence of Sgl or Sgll expression in caput or corpus epithelium or in any stromal cells of the epididymis. Consistent with our previous findings using polyclonal lgG, monoclonal anti-Sgll Sgll lgGs identified epitopes on the posterior head, midpiece, and tail of ejaculated spermatozoa. Spermatozoa in the epididymal cauda were also immunoreactive, but those in the caput or corpus region of the epididymis as well as those in the testis were negative. As shown by lCC, neither Sgl nor Sgll were expressed in the testis, the prostate, the female genital tract, or other normal human tissue specimens. Although the significance of Sg attachment to epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa remains to be established, monoclonal anti-Sg lgG might prove useful in establishing the origin of seminal vesicle tissue components in prostate core biopsies or other biopsy specimens.

Aged↗