PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Gunter

Publications and source records attributed to M Gunter.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphisms in colorectal cancer patients: interaction between GSTM1 and GSTM3 allele variants as a risk-modulating factor.

The distribution of polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family genes has been studied in 355 healthy controls and 206 cancer (59 proximal and 147 distal) patients. All controls were subjected to flexible sigmoidoscopy. Odds ratios (OR) after stratification by age, gender and smoking were slightly higher in the cancer group as a whole for GSTM1-null (*0/*0), GSTT1-null (*0/*0) and GSTM3 *A/*B or *B/*B when compared with the control group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. GSTP1 variants had no effect. Separate analysis of patients with proximal and distal tumours has shown stronger associations for the distal cancers, the GSTM3*B allele presence being significantly more frequent in these patients [OR = 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-2.74]. Taking into account strong linkage between the GSTM1*A and GSTM3*B alleles, a separate analysis of the GSTM1-nulled individuals was undertaken. The combination of GSTM1-null genotype with GSTM3*B allele presence (*A/*B or *B/*B) was significantly overrepresented among patients with proximal and distal tumours taken together (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.24-3.63), and especially in distal cancer patients (OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.56-4.84). Male individuals displayed a stronger association between the presence of the GSTM1-null in combination with GSTM3 *A/*B or *B/*B and distal tumours with a higher odds ratio (OR = 3.57; 95% CI = 1.73-7.36). In contrast, the frequency of GSTM1 *B/*0 or *B/*B combined with GSTM3 *A/*A was significantly lower in patients with distal colorectal cancer, especially in males (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.15-0.92). Neither of these combinations was associated with proximal tumours. Our findings suggest that interactions of polymorphic genotypes within the GSTM gene cluster affect individual susceptibility to colorectal carcinogenesis, the GSTM3*B variant presence being a risk factor especially in combination with the GSTM1-null genotype.

Alleles↗
PubMed1998

Chlamydia in pregnancy: a randomized trial of azithromycin and erythromycin.

OBJECTIVE: To determine side effect profiles and cure rates of azithromycin compared with erythromycin in the treatment of chlamydial cervicitis complicating pregnancy. METHODS: Pregnant patients with positive DNA antigen assays for Chlamydia trachomatis were randomized to either azithromycin, 1 g oral slurry in a single dose, or erythromycin, 500 mg every 6 hours for 7 days. Repeat assays were planned for 3 weeks after therapy. Side effects, compliance, and treatment efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred six women were enrolled, and eighty-five women completed the protocol. Significantly fewer gastrointestinal side effects were noted in the azithromycin group than in the erythromycin group (11.9% versus 58.1%, P < or = .01). Enhanced compliance was noted with azithromycin, because it was given in a single observed dose. Similar treatment efficacy was noted between azithromycin and erythromycin (88.1% versus 93.0%, P > .05). CONCLUSION: Compared with erythromycin, azithromycin is associated with significantly fewer gastrointestinal side effects in pregnancy. This association, along with the ease of administration and similar efficacy, suggests that azithromycin should be considered for the initial treatment of chlamydial cervicitis in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Use of iohexol in the radiographic diagnosis of ischemic bowel.

This study evaluates the use of iohexol as a radiographic diagnostic contrast agent in normal animals and those with experimental bowel ischemia and obstruction. Eighteen rats and 12 rabbits were gavaged with iohexol in a dose of 7.5 mL/kg using concentrations of 140 mg I/mL (isotonic with blood) or 300 mg I/mL. In addition, four rabbits had intraperitoneal iohexol injection and three were given gastrografin gavage. Experimental groups included normal bowel controls, bowel injury induced by ischemia and alcohol contact, bowel obstruction by ligature, and intraperitoneal injection. Serial abdominal radiographs and plasma concentrations of iohexol were obtained. Iohexol remained stable throughout the gastrointestinal tract, retained its intensity, and was well visualized up to four days after administration. Bowel images were fair at concentrations of 140 mg I/mL and excellent at 300 mg I/mL. Gastrografin caused bowel distention and poor visualization related to dilution. It also precipitated in the stomach. Iohexol was rapidly absorbed from the peritoneal cavity and excreted by the kidneys, without causing peritonitis. Rat plasma iohexol levels were three times controls in obstructed bowel and 80 times controls if there was mucosal injury without perforation. Rabbit peak plasma levels were 30 times greater following intraperitoneal injection than with gastric gavage. These observations suggest that iohexol may be useful as a gastrointestinal contrast agent. Measuring plasma iohexol levels may be helpful in the evaluation of suspected bowel ischemia or perforation in the clinical setting.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Surgical treatment of total colonic aganglionosis: efficacy of aganglionic patch enteroplasty in the rat.

This study evaluates ileo endorectal pull-through (IEP) with and without an aganglionic colon patch in an experimental rat model for the surgical treatment of total colonic aganglionosis (TCA). Animals were randomly assigned to Group 1 (no patch, No. = 6), Group 2 (right colon patch, No. = 8), Group 3 (transverse colon patch, No. = 7), Group 4 (left colon patch; No. = 6), sham operation (SH, No. = 6), and unoperated controls (UC, No. = 10). Change in percent body weight at 4 weeks after operation was -30.9 +/- 3.68% in Group 1, +5.1 +/- 1.67% in Group 2, -3.4 +/- 3.96% in Group 3, -1.8 +/- 4.17% in Group 4, and +12.7 +/- 1.54% in SH (Group 1 v other groups: P less than .001). Restoration of initial body weight occurred in 100% in Group 2 and SH (8/8 and 6/6, respectively), 50% in Group 4 (3/6), 42.9% in Group 3 (3/7), and 0% in Group 1 (0/6). Transit time (stomach to anus) was significantly shorter in Group 1. All rats in patched groups had a prolonged transit time compared with Group 1. Manometric studies in IEP rats showed favorable anal canal pressures, which were slightly lower than SH and UC. Water and Na+ absorption were significantly greater in patched groups. Rats with a right colon patch (Group 2) showed slightly greater absorption at 4 weeks. These data suggest that an aganglionic colon patch may be an important adjunct in the surgical treatment of TCA.

Animals↗