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Biomedical subjects

M Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to M Gupta.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Population based study of hypertension among the elderly in northern India.

The study was conducted in the urban and rural areas of Chandigarh during 1998-1999 among 362 elderly subjects above 65 y of age. The sample, selected by stratified random technique, covered a population of 7937 family members in 1882 houses. Methodology comprised of interviews, clinical examination and laboratory investigations such as ECG. The study revealed that 210 (58%) of the elderly were hypertensives. Of the hypertensives, only 39% are on medication. Fewer calories were consumed by the hypertensives. Further, 82.4% of the obese subjects were hypertensives as compared to 52.4% of the non-obese subjects (P<0.001). Only 56 subjects (27.6%) were both diabetic and hypertensive. One third of the elderly had some abnormality in ECG revealing associated coronary heart disease. Forty subjects (11.05%) had complications such as MI and stroke. The prevalence of complications was slightly higher (11.9%) in the hypertensives as compared to the non-hypertensives (9.9%). Thus health education campaigns should be started to increase awareness regarding the risk factors and bring about changes in lifestyle for the control of hypertension and reduction of its complications.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Focal neurometabolic alterations in mice deficient for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase.

Metabolite profiling in succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH; Aldh5a1-/-) deficient mice previously revealed elevated gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and total GABA in urine and total brain and liver extracts. In this study, we extend our metabolic characterization of these mutant mice by documenting elevated GHB and total GABA in homogenates of mutant kidney, pancreas and heart. We quantified beta-alanine (a GABA homolog and putative neurotransmitter) to address its potential role in pathophysiology. We found normal levels of beta-alanine in urine and total homogenates of mutant brain, heart and pancreas, but elevated concentrations in mutant kidney and liver extracts. Amino acid analysis in mutant total brain homogenates revealed no abnormalities except for significantly decreased glutamine, which was normal in mutant liver and kidney extracts. Regional amino acid analysis (frontal cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) in mutant mice confirmed glutamine results. Glutamine synthetase protein and mRNA levels in homogenates of mutant mouse brain were normal. We profiled organic acid patterns in mutant brain homogenates to assess brain oxidative metabolism and found normal concentrations of Kreb's cycle intermediates but increased 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid (a postulated derivative of succinic semialdehyde) levels. We conclude that SSADH-deficient mice represent a valid metabolic model of human SSADH deficiency, manifesting focal neurometabolic abnormalities which could provide key insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2002

ICA12 autoantibodies are associated with non-DR3/non-DR4 in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults from northern India.

Associations of HLA-DR3/DQ2 with GAD65 and DR4 with IA-2 antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and DR3/DQ2 with GAD65 antibodies in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) patients are known. The aim of the present study was to look for association of HLA DR and DQ with GAD65, IA2 and ICA12 antibodies in IDDM (n = 97), LADA (n = 32), and malnutrition-modulated diabetes mellitus (MMDM) (n = 22) patients from northern India. HLA genotyping was done by the PCR-SSO method. Antibodies to GAD65, IA-2, and ICA-12 were assayed by radioimmunoassay using (35)S-labeled recombinant human GAD65, IA2, and ICA12 using the in vitro transcription-translation method. We found DR3 (29% vs. 11%) and DQ2 (36% vs. 14%) were increased in GAD65 antibody-positive compared to GAD65 antibody-negative IDDM patients (P > 0.05). ICA 12 antibodies were increased in either DR3 or DR4 (84% vs. 69%) positives compared to non-DR3/DR4 IDDM patients (P > 0.05). However in LADA patients, ICA12 was increased in non-DR3/DR4 patients compared to DR3- or DR4-positive patients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in LADA patients, ICA 12 is associated with non-DR3/DR4 patients. No association between HLA and autoantibodies was seen in MMDM patients.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2002

Use of bovine pericardium as a wrapping material for hydroxyapatite orbital implants.

AIM: To present the results of 27 patients who had enucleation for malignant melanoma of the choroid with hydroxyapatite implant wrapped in bovine pericardium. METHOD: A retrospective study was performed on 27 patients, 12 males and 15 females, who had enucleation as a primary treatment for their choroidal melanomas. The patients were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and then every 6 months. A conformer was fitted at 1 week and an artificial eye at 1 month. The average follow up was 1.7 years. RESULTS: No patient had extrusion of the implant. One patient needed repair of the wound, two patients required a lateral tarsal strip, and one patient developed a conjunctival granuloma, which did not need excision. In one patient there was shallowing of the inferior fornix. The cosmetic results and ocular movement were satisfactory in all but one patient. CONCLUSION: Use of bovine pericardium as wrapping material for the hydroxyapatite implants has shown promising results with minimal extrusion rates providing an effective alternative for sclera, eliminating the potential risks of CJD.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Synthesis, antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of new hexahydropyrimidine derivatives.

A number of potentially active hexahydropyrimidine derivatives of pharmaceutical interest have been synthesized. Various diSchiff's bases prepared by reacting different aromatic aldehydes with 1,3-diaminopropane were suitably reduced to give their tetrahydro derivatives which were then condensed with appropriate aldehydes to give a series of hitherto unreported hexahydropyrimidines. The resulting products were evaluated by oral route for their antiinflammatory activity. The activity of compounds 11, 23 and 4 was excellent and comparable to indomethacin. In addition to oral route of administration, the antiinflammatory activity of hexahydropyrimidine derivatives was also studied topically through transdermal gels. Compounds 11, 23, 4 and 22 produced significant inhibition in edema and showed good antiinflammatory activity comparable to diclofenac sodium gel (Relaxyl gel). All these compounds were also tested for their analgesic activity and their LD50 determined. Compounds 11, 20 and 23 showed a comparable activity with aspirin. The MTD for all the compounds was found to be > 1800 mg/kg.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2002

Randomized prospective study of outcome of short term antiepileptic treatment in small single enhancing CT lesion in brain.

The study was conducted in 81 patients of epilepsy with small single enhancing CT (SSECT) lesion in brain to determine the clinical profile and duration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) treatment. The patients were randomly divided into group A (41 cases) and group B (40 cases). Group A patients were treated for 6 months and group B for 1 year with AEDS without cysticidal drugs. The most common mode of presentation was simple partial motor seizures with secondary generalization in both the groups. Repeat imaging of brain (CT/MRI) at 6 months showed disappearance of lesion in 82.94% in group A and 87% in group B, while persistence of lesion was present only in 4.87% in group A and 5% in group B. 87.81% patients in group A and 87.17% in group B were seizure free. The recurrence of seizure occurred in 12.19% cases in group A, and 12.82% in group B. 80% of these patients had calcified lesion in both the groups. This study reveals that SSECT lesion with epilpesy is a benign self-limiting disease. It also reveals that 6 months AED treatment is as effective as one year treatment. Patients having calcified lesion or persistence of lesion might require long term AED treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sjogren - Larsson Syndrome: a case report.

Two male siblings aged 8 and 11 years, born of non-consanguineous parents, presented with classical triad of congenital ichthyosis, mental retardation and spastic diplegia. They had no eye, hair, nails and teeth changes. MRI showed diffuse dysmyelination.

Child↗
PubMed2002

DOTS versus self administered therapy (SAT) for patients of pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised trial at a tertiary care hospital.

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in a developing country like India, it is made worse by poor adherence to and frequent interruption of treatment. Treatment of tuberculosis requires strict discipline in order to eradicate mycobacteria and to cure the disease. In the present study we have conducted a randomized control trial, to compare the effectiveness of Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) versus Self Administered Therapy (SAT) in a tertiary care hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Monocyte-derived human macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with ebola virus secrete MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha and inhibit poly-IC-induced IFN-alpha in vitro.

Ebola virus infection of humans is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. We demonstrate that direct infection of human PBMC results in the induction of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, and TNF-alpha as early as 24 h p.i. in response to live virus. Monocyte-derived macrophages infected with live Ebola-virus secreted MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha specifically while RANTES and MCP-1 were secreted by with both live or inactivated virus stimulation and do not require viral replication. Type I interferons (IFN-alpha and -beta), IL-1beta and IL-10, were not induced by Ebola virus. Furthermore, live virus infection of both PBMCs and monocytes-derived macrophages inhibited IFN-alpha induced by double-stranded RNA in vitro. These data provide the first direct evidence of a role for macrophages in the pathogenesis to Ebola virus and suggest that Ebola virus can inhibit cellular antiviral mechanisms mediated by type I interferons.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2001

Synthesis, crystal structure, spectral studies, and catechol oxidase activity of trigonal bipyramidal Cu(II) complexes derived from a tetradentate diamide bisbenzimidazole ligand.

A new benzimidazole-based diamide ligand-N,N'-bis(glycine-2- benzimidazolyl)hexanediamide (GBHA)-has been synthesized and utilized to prepare Cu(II) complexes of general composition [Cu(GBHA)X]X, where X is an exogenous anionic ligand (X = Cl(-), NO(3)(-), SCN(-)). The X-ray structure of one of the complexes, [Cu(GBHA)Cl]Cl.H(2)O.CH(3)OH, has been obtained. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with unit cell dimensions a = 26.464(3) A, b = 10.2210(8) A, c = 20.444(2) A, alpha = 90 degrees, beta = 106.554(7) degrees, gamma = 90 degrees, V= 5300.7(9) A(3), and Z = 8. To the best of our knowledge, the [Cu(GBHA)Cl]Cl.H(2)O.CH(3)OH complex is the first structurally characterized mononuclear trigonal bipyramidal copper(II) bisbenzimidazole diamide complex having coordinated amide carbonyl oxygen. The coordination geometry around the Cu(II) ion is distorted trigonal bipyramidal (tau = 0.59). Two carbonyl oxygen atoms and a chlorine atom form the equatorial plane, while the two benzimidazole imine nitrogen atoms occupy the axial positions. The geometry of the Cu(II) center in the solid state is not preserved in DMSO solution, changing to square pyramidal, as suggested by the low-temperature EPR data g( parallel) > g( perpendicular) > 2.0023. All the complexes display a quasi-reversible redox wave due to the Cu(II)/Cu(I) reduction process. E(1/2) values shift anodically from Cl(-) < NO(3)(-) < SCN(-), indicating that the bound Cl(-) ion stabilizes the Cu(II) ion while the N-bonded SCN(-) ion destabilizes the Cu(II) state in the complex. When calculated against NHE, the redox potentials turn out to be quite positive as compared to other copper(II) benzimidazole bound complexes (Nakao, Y.; Onoda, M.; Sakurai, T.; Nakahara, A.; Kinoshita, L.; Ooi, S. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1988, 151, 55. Addison, A. W.; Hendricks, H. M. J.; Reedijk, J.; Thompson, L. K. Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20 (1), 103. Sivagnanam, U.; Palaniandavar, M. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 2277. Palaniandavar, M.; Pandiyan, T.; Laxminarayan, M.; Manohar, H. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1995, 457. Sakurai, T.; Oi, H.; Nakahara, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1984, 92, 131). It is therefore concluded that binding of amide carbonyl oxygen destabilizes the Cu(II) state. The complex [Cu(II)(GBHA)(NO(3))](NO(3)) could be successfully reduced by the addition of dihydroxybenzenes to the corresponding [Cu(I)(GBHA)](NO(3)). (1)H NMR of the reduced complex shows slightly broadened and shifted (1)H signals. The reduction of the Cu(II) complex presumably occurs with the corresponding 2e(-) oxidation of the quinol to quinone. Such a conversion is reminiscent of the functioning of a copper-containing catechol oxidase from sweet potatoes and the met form of the enzyme tyrosinase.

Amides↗
PubMed2001

Physical interaction between the MADS box of serum response factor and the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain of transcription enhancer factor-1.

Serum response factor is a MADS box transcription factor that binds to consensus sequences CC(A/T)(6)GG found in the promoter region of several serum-inducible and muscle-specific genes. In skeletal myocytes serum response factor (SRF) has been shown to heterodimerize with the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix family of factors, related to MyoD, for control of muscle gene regulation. Here we report that SRF binds to another myogenic factor, TEF-1, that has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of cardiac muscle genes. By using different biochemical assays such as affinity precipitation of protein, GST-pulldown assay, and coimmunoprecipitation of proteins, we show that SRF binds to TEF-1 both in in vitro and in vivo assay conditions. A strong interaction of SRF with TEF-1 was seen even when one protein was denatured and immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane, indicating a direct and stable interaction between SRF and TEF-1, which occurs without a cofactor. This interaction is mediated through the C-terminal subdomain of MADS box of SRF encompassing amino acids 204-244 and the putative 2nd and 3rd alpha-helix/beta-sheet configuration of the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain of TEF-1. In the transient transfection assay, a positive cooperative effect of SRF and TEF-1 was observed when DNA-binding sites for both factors, serum response element and M-CAT respectively, were intact; mutation of either site abolished their synergistic effect. Similarly, an SRF mutant, SRFpm-1, defective in DNA binding failed to collaborate with TEF-1 for gene regulation, indicating that the synergistic trans-activation function of SRF and TEF-1 occurs via their binding to cognate DNA-binding sites. Our results demonstrate a novel association between SRF and TEF-1 for cardiac muscle gene regulation and disclose a general mechanism by which these two super families of factors are likely to control diversified biological functions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Expansion mutation frequency and CGG/GCC repeat polymorphism in FMR1 and FMR2 genes in an Indian population.

Based on molecular screening, we estimated the frequencies of fragile X syndrome and FRAXE syndrome in an institutionalized population (n = 130) in New Delhi, India. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of subjects in the study were mild/moderate mental retardation, with/without family history, and the fragile X clinical phenotype. Screening by Southern hybridization revealed an overall frequency of 0.077 of the syndrome in the sample population. The disorder was observed with a high frequency (0.1) among males as compared to females (0.027). No expansions of FMR2 allele were observed in the same study sample. CGG/GCC allelic polymorphism of FMR1 and FMR2 were established from a total of 392 X chromosomes, using the radioactive polymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. Distinct repeat sizes, repeat ranges, and repeat modes characterised the FMR1 and FMR2 alleles. In the X chromosomes of both MR individuals and unaffected controls, unimodal values of 29 and 15 repeats in FMR1 and FMR2 genes, respectively, were observed. Allele frequency distribution was symmetrical at the FMR1 locus whereas a significant positive skew was observed for the FMR2 alleles. The observed heterozygosity of the FMR1 gene was 0.772 compared to 0.839 of FMR2. Correlation of CGG/GCC repeats of FMR1 and FMR2 did not show any association of repeat sizes at these two loci (correlation coefficient, rho = 0.09). CGG/GCC repeat variation at FMR1 and FMR2 loci observed in this study sample are different from that reported for the other Caucasian and Asian populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Process development for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solutions using red mud--an aluminium industry waste.

Red mud, an aluminium industry waste, has been converted into an inexpensive and efficient adsorbent and used for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solutions. Effect of various factors on the removal of these metal ions from water (e.g. pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature, particle size, etc.) has been studied and discussed. The effect of presence of other metal ions/surfactants on the removal of Pb2+ and Cr6+ has also been studied. The material exhibits good adsorption capacity and the data follow both Freundlich and Langmuir models. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the feasibility of the process. Kinetic studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of adsorption. Dynamic modelling of lead and chromium removal on red mud has been undertaken and found to follow first-order kinetics. The rate constant and mass transfer coefficient have also been evaluated under optimum conditions of removal in order to understand the mechanism. Column studies have been carried out to compare these with batch capacities. The recovery of Pb2+ and Cr6+ and chemical regeneration of the spent column have also been tried.

Aluminum↗