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Biomedical subjects

M H Kohrman

Publications and source records attributed to M H Kohrman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Sleep-related disorders in neurologic disease during childhood.

Sleep disorders commonly are associated with neurologic disorders in childhood. This review discusses primary sleep disorders that affect children with primary neurologic diseases. Primary sleep disorders are discussed as they relate to the primary neurologic disease. In addition, sleep disorders secondary to neurologic disorders commonly seen in the practice of pediatric neurology are reviewed. A useful sleep history to improve diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is outlined.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1989

Topographic mapping of the EEG in premature infants and neonates.

The topography of the brain electrical activity is presented for the low voltage theta (LV theta), high voltage slow (HVS), delta brush (DB), tracé alternant (TA), frontal sharp transient (FST), and premature temporal theta (PT theta) patterns in pre-term and term neonates, 28-49 weeks conceptional age. The maps for the delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands are described, demonstrating distinctive localizations and distributions of these patterns, emphasizing midline peaks, especially the Fz for theta (LV theta, TA, DB) and alpha (FST, PT theta) and the Pz for delta (DB, HVS, PT theta). Topographic variability of these patterns tends to decrease in those rhythms that are developing with advancing conceptional age and increase in those that are diminishing in time.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1989

Inter- versus intra-subject variance in topographic mapping of the electroencephalogram.

The variability of the normal topographic EEG distribution between a quiet, eyes closed, resting state and the performance of cognitive tasks (listening to a story or music) was studied in 20 normal (10 male) right-handed college students or graduates ages 18-40 yrs. Amplitude changes in the topographic frequency distribution (2.5-7 SD) of alpha frequency band (8-13 Hz) were noted between tasks and resting state in individual subjects. When group data for the resting versus listening states were compared, no statistical differences could be demonstrated. The group variability was 50% of the power of the resting record. Repeat studies in 10 subjects demonstrated a test-retest variance of 10% of the mean individual power. The data suggest that inter-subject differences in the alpha frequency and individual topographic differences will require careful normalization for development of baseline "brain maps" to serve as a standard for investigation of disease states.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Takayasu arteritis: a treatable cause of stroke in infancy.

Takayasu disease is an arteritis of unknown etiology involving the aorta and its major branches. Untreated, 75% of patients die within two years. A 6-month-old black female presented with a right focal seizure, a flaccid right hemiparesis, decreased pulses in the right arm, a large left frontoparietal hypodense area on computed tomography, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Cerebral angiography demonstrated irregular dilatation of both carotid arteries and narrowing of the left middle cerebral artery. Aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva, dilatation of the aortic root, narrowing of the origins of both carotid arteries, and beading of the descending aorta were demonstrated by cardiac angiography. The patient was treated with prednisone (2 mg/kg/day) and azathioprine (1 mg/kg/day). There was gradual return of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate to normal over the ensuing 3-10 months, resolution of the hemiparesis, and acquisition of normal developmental milestones. Digital subtraction angiography revealed improvement in the appearance of the descending aorta and of the common carotid arteries with the disappearance of the arterial wall irregularities. Early diagnosis and vigorous immunosuppression may improve outcome in this rare and often fatal vascular disease in childhood.

Aortic Arch Syndromes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A variant of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy in a non-Japanese child.

We report a case of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy with inflammatory infiltrate on muscle biopsy in an American girl of non-Japanese ancestry. The child was hypotonic, had decreased muscle strength in all extremities, and poor head control. Her mental and motor development were delayed. She developed generalized seizures at 19 months of age. Her muscle enzymes were abnormal; cranial computed tomography demonstrated hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Electromyogram was normal. Deltoid muscle biopsy documented scattered basophilic regenerating myofibers and focal atrophic fibers with focal increases of endomysial connective tissue, small endomysial foci of inflammatory cells, and occasional perimysial, perivenular lymphocytic infiltrates. Prednisone therapy produced some decrease in serum muscle enzyme levels.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential use of standard and ambulatory EEG in neonatal seizures.

Adequate predictors do not exist to indicate whether seizures are likely to continue beyond the neonatal period. Thirteen neonates with seizures occurring after 7 days of age were evaluated with standard short-term electroencephalography (SEEG) during the initial seizures and with ambulatory EEG (AEEG) when each infant was within 37-44 weeks corrected age (i.e., gestational age plus chronologic age). Eight of 13 SEEGs, 10 of 13 AEEGs, and 12 of 13 with the combined use of both SEEGs and AEEGs accurately predicted the occurrence of seizures at 3-4 months corrected age. Results with SEEG and AEEG did not produce significantly different outcomes. Combined analysis of SEEG and AEEG produced significantly different results from those calculated when the two EEG types were analyzed independently (Z = 3.98, p less than 0.001). The findings indicate that the use of both of these tests may improve the ability to predict continued seizure activity in infants with neonatal seizures when compared to the use of each measure separately.

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain death in infants: sensitivity and specificity of current criteria.

Guidelines for the determination of brain death in children were recently published by a multidisciplinary task force. We report a 3-month-old female who fulfilled these criteria but regained partial cortical and brainstem function for a prolonged period. This patient and similar newborn patients are analyzed with respect to sensitivity and specificity of the suggested criteria. Caution is recommended in assuming irreversibility of absent cerebral function in young infants, even beyond the neonatal period.

Brain Death↗