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M H Lepper

Publications and source records attributed to M H Lepper.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pulse pressure-I. Level and associated factors in four Chicago epidemiologic studies.

Because systolic blood pressure rises more sharply than diastolic blood pressure for those middle aged and beyond, leading to an increasing prevalence with advancing age of elevated systolic blood pressure without elevated diastolic pressure, i.e. so-called pure systolic hypertension, the question arises as to whether or not factors that have been shown to be related to blood pressure and hypertension are related to pure systolic hypertension or to 'classical' hypertension, i.e. hypertension defined solely by the level of the diastolic pressure. This question was examined in four Chicago epidemiologic studies by examining the associations between several variables and pulse pressure, with pulse pressure redefined so that the association between a variable and pulse pressure indicated whether the variable was more strongly related to systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In these four studies, glucose, heart rate and cigarette use tended to show a stronger association with systolic pressure, suggesting a possible association with pure systolic hypertension, while hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and uric acid tended to be more strongly associated with diastolic pressure, or equally associated with systolic and diastolic pressure, suggesting an association with 'classical' hypertension. Relative weight tended to be more strongly associated with systolic pressure under the age of 35 and more strongly associated with diastolic pressure after age 45.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pulse pressure-II. Factors associated with follow-up values in three Chicago epidemiologic studies.

This report, the second in a series on pulse pressure and pure systolic hypertension, examined in prospective analyses the associations between both the initial values of five variables and the changes in these variables and pulse pressure, utilizing data from three Chicago epidemiologic studies, in order to determine whether variables known to be related to blood pressure and hypertension are related to pure systolic hypertension or 'classical' hypertension. In these analyses follow-up pulse pressure, which was measured from 2-5 years after the initial measurement of the other variables, was redefined so that the association between the initial value or change and pulse pressure indicated whether the initial value or change was more strongly related to follow-up systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In these three studies, only the initial value for cigarette use had a consistent positive association with follow-up pulse pressure. Change in heart rate was generally positively related to follow-up pulse pressure, while the initial value was not. For relative weight and serum cholesterol, both the change and the initial tended to be negatively related. For glucose, the association was not consistent for either the initial value or the change. The results from these prospective analyses thus suggest that cigarette use is related to pure systolic hypertension, rather than 'classical' hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pulse pressure-III. Prognostic significance in four Chicago epidemiologic studies.

This report, the third in a series on pulse pressure and pure systolic hypertension, examines the associations between blood pressure and the cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease, both cross-sectionally and prospectively, utilizing data from four Chicago epidemiologic studies, in an effort to determine whether or not a widened pulse pressure, or pure systolic hypertension, is an independent risk factor. In these analyses, blood pressure is divided into two components, one related to level and the other to pulse pressure, with pulse pressure redefined so that the association between pulse pressure and the prevalence of ECG abnormalities or mortality, indicates whether the endpoint is more strongly related to systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In these studies, blood pressure level is significantly related to both ECG abnormalities and mortality. In the cross-sectional analyses, pulse pressure is generally positively related to the prevalence of ECG abnormalities, indicating a stronger association for systolic blood pressure, and thus a possible association with pure systolic hypertension. However, in the prospective analyses, pulse pressure is generally not related to mortality, indicating an equal association with mortality for systolic and diastolic blood pressure in these studies. Thus, although the cross-sectional analyses generally support the hypothesis that a widened pulse pressure, or pure systolic hypertension, is an independent risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease, the prospective analyses do not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Relative weight and blood pressure in four Chicago epidemiologic studies.

Because systolic blood pressure rises more sharply with age than diastolic blood pressure, leading to an increasing prevalence with advancing age of elevated systolic blood pressure without elevated diastolic pressure, i.e. so-called pure systolic hypertension, the question arises as to whether or not pure systolic hypertension has its own etiology and pathogenesis. Since pure systolic hypertension is characterized by a widened pulse pressure, the present report examined the association between relative weight and pulse pressure, both cross-sectionally and prospectively, in addition, to the association between relative weight and the level of blood pressure, in four Chicago epidemiologic studies. The positive association between relative weight and the level of blood pressure in these studies, in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses, reaffirms the finding in previous studies of a positive association between weight and blood pressure and the prevalence and incidence of hypertension. However, the results of these studies did not generally support the hypothesis that relative weight is related to pulse pressure, and thus possibly to pure systolic hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Heart rate: a risk factor for cancer?

The relationship between heart rate and cancer mortality was examined in 3 Chicago epidemiologic studies: 1233 white men originally age 40-59 followed 18 years from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company study; 1899 white men originally age 40-55 followed 17 years from the Chicago Western Electric Company study; 5784 white men originally age 45-64 followed 5 years from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. There was a significant association between heart rate and cancer mortality in both univariate and multivariate analyses in men from the Gas Company study and in men from the Chicago Heart Association study, but there was no association between heart rate and cancer mortality in men from the Western Electric study. The relationship persisted in the Gas Company study but not in the Chicago Heart Association study after eliminating deaths within the first 2 years of follow-up. With cancer deaths broken down by the site, mortality from lung and colon cancer in the Gas Company study and mortality from lung cancer in the Chicago Heart Association study were significantly associated with baseline heart rate on univariate analysis and on bivariate analysis controlling for age. Only colon cancer in the Gas Company, however, remained associated with heart rate when other variables were controlled. Thus, in 2 of the 3 studies examined, heart rate appeared to be an independent risk factor for cancer mortality in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Alcohol, cardiovascular risk factors and mortality: the Chicago experience.

The association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors, the association between alcohol consumption and the incidence of high blood pressure, and the association between alcohol consumption and mortality, both all-cause and cause-specific, were examined in the white males from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company study and the Chicago Western Electric Company study. In both studies, there was a significant cross-sectional association between heavy alcohol use--defined as problem drinking in the Gas Company and as consumption of six or more drinks per day in the Western Electric Company--and the level of blood pressure and high blood pressure. In addition, in 1340 normotensive men ages 27-64 years from the Gas Company and in 871 normotensive men ages 40-55 years from the Western Electric Company, a significant prospective relationship was shown, for the first time, between heavy drinking and risk of developing high blood pressure. In the Gas Company, among 1233 men ages 40-59 years, 38 problem drinkers had significantly higher 15-year mortality from all causes, the cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease than the rest of the men. In the Western Electric study, 78 men who consumed six or more drinks per day had significantly higher 17-year mortality from all causes, the cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease, cancer and all other causes than the rest of all men.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Alcohol consumption, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality in two Chicago epidemiologic studies.

Multivariate analysis of the association at baseline between problem drinking and cardiovascular risk factors among 1,233 white male employees of the Chicago Peoples Gas Company age 40-59 showed the 38 problem drinkers with significantly higher blood pressures and cigarette consumption and significantly lower relative weights than the others. Similar analysis among 1,899 white male employees of the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago age 40-55 showed the 117 men consuming 5 or more drinks per day with significantly higher blood pressures and cigarette use than the others. No significant differences were recorded between heavy drinkers and the others in serum cholesterol level. The gas company problem drinkers had significantly higher 15-year mortality rates from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, and sudden death. These differences could not be entirely explained by their blood pressure, smoking, and relative weight status. The Western Electric heavy drinkers had increased 10-year mortality rates both for all causes and noncardiovascular causes.

Adult↗