Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M H Moore.
Hand anomalies in the amniotic band sequence are frequently both complex and difficult to explain in terms of our conventional understanding of limb embryogenesis. A case manifesting pseudosyndactyly between nonadjacent fingers confirms the role of an in utero disturbance after the seventh week, in concert with close apposition between nearby but not adjacent parts.
The length of the root of the mandibular canine tooth has been considered by many authors as being a source of weakness in the mandible. It has also been suggested that a direct blow or a bending force around this tooth can result in traumatic injury. We advance a theory that implicates the maxillary canine tooth as directly contributing to the mandibular canine region fracture pattern.
The anticancer drug daunomycin has been co-crystallized with the hexanucleotide duplex sequences d(TGTACA) and d(TGATCA) and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of these two complexes have been carried out. Structure solution of the d(TGTACA) and d(TGATCA) complexes to 1.6 and 1.7 Angstrom resolution, respectively, shows two daunomycin molecules bound to the DNA hexamer. Binding occurs via intercalation of the drug chromophore at the d(TpG) step, and hydrogen bonding interactions involving the drug, DNA and solvent molecules. The daunomycin sugar is located in the minor groove of the DNA hexamer and is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the amino group of the sugar and functional groups on the floor of the groove. The amino sugar of the d(TGATCA) duplex interacts directly with the DNA sequence, while in the d(TGTACA) duplex, the interaction is via solvent molecules. Two other complexes d(CGTACG)-daunomycin and d(CGATCG)-daunomycin have previously been structurally characterized. Comparison of the four structures with daunomycin bound to the triplet sequences 5'TGT, 5'TGA, 5'CGT and 5'CGA reveals changes in the conformation of both the DNA hexamer and the daunomycin upon complexation, as well as the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals' interactions.
Sutural anomalies in conjunction with craniofacial clefting are unusual. A case of median frontal clefting is presented in which there was an absence of a normal metopic suture and replacement by paramedian frontal sutures. The association of an underlying brain anomaly, with attendant surgical difficulties, is noted, as are the radiological techniques of preoperative diagnosis.
Are criminal laws against the sale and use of drugs such as heroin and cocaine helpful in maintaining a liberal community? Answering this question is partly a matter of political philosophy, but the answer also depends on judgments about practical effects. Although it is clear that drug laws tend to worsen the conduct and condition of individuals who continue to use drugs, and strain the institutions of the criminal justice system, it is also plausible that these same laws succeed in reducing overall levels of drug use by suppressing the supply and helping sustain the community norm that disapproves of drug use.
Presented is an adult case of Crouzon's syndrome undergoing a single stage frontofacial advancement where the employment of a microvascular free flap for extradural deadspace obliteration and to seal any communication with the nose may have contributed to the development of a major extradural infection.
Traumatic loss of large portions of the maxilla remains uncommon. Reconstruction demands careful attention to both the anatomy of the primary deformity as well as the associated secondary changes if there is to be acceptable restoration of facial aesthetics and function. In concert with rebuilding the missing maxilla, reconstruction may frequently involve repositioning the apparently undisturbed mandible.
The base analogue N4-methoxycytosine (mo4C) is ambivalent in its hydrogen-bonding potential, since it forms stable base-pairs with both adenine and guanine in oligomer duplexes. To investigate the base-pair geometry, the structure of d(CGCGmo4CG) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The d(CGCGmo4CG)2 crystallized in a left-handed double helical structure (Z-type). Refinement using 2559 reflections between 10 and 1.7 A converged with a final R = 0.181 (Rw = 0.130) including 68 solvent molecules. The orthorhombic crystals are in the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with cell dimensions a = 18.17 A, b = 30.36 A, c = 43.93 A. The mo4C.G base-pair is of the wobble type, with mo4C in the imino form, and the methoxy group in the syn configuration.
The morphological distortion of the facial skeleton induced by untreated paediatric burns of the head and neck reinforces the theories of craniofacial growth and the modern principles of acute burn management and post-burn facial reconstruction.
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The protected childhood environment and the anatomy of the craniofacial skeleton largely protect children from experiencing facial fractures. However, when major trauma to the head and face is sustained, an oblique pattern of fractures has been observed, distinct from those common in adults and explicable in terms of the anatomic differences between the child's and the adult's head and face. This difference in pattern of facial fracturing is relevant in terms of the examination, investigation and treatment of the primary injury, and prevention of any subsequent facial growth disturbances.
Mandibular and dentoalveolar deformities associated with cystic hygroma of the head and neck have previously been described. This small series has identified changes involving the entire craniofacial skeleton, attributable to both the local and distant effects of massive facial lymphangiomas, without evidence of any actual soft tissue ingrowth into bone. In view of the inability to excise such lesions and normalize the soft tissue anatomy, the surgical approach to the craniofacial skeletal abnormality should be to reserve the required osteotomies or ostectomies until the completion of facial growth.
The technique of monocortical non-compression miniplate fixation of mandibular angle fractures is reviewed. A study of our first 50 patients treated using this technique reveals that consistent reduction and stabilization of these mandibular fractures can be achieved without the requirement for intermaxillary fixation. Such results were produced with minimal postoperative morbidity.
The structure of a d(CGATCG)-daunomycin complex has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Refinement, with the location of 40 solvent molecules, using data up to 1.5 A, converged with a final crystallographic residual, R = 0.25 (RW = 0.22). The tetragonal crystals are in space group P4(1)2(1)2, with cell dimensions of a = 27.98 A and c = 52.87 A. The self-complementary d(CGATCG) forms a distorted right-handed helix with a daunomycin molecule intercalated at each d(CpG) step. The daunomycin aglycon chromophore is oriented at right-angles to the long axis of the DNA base-pairs. This head-on intercalation is stabilized by direct hydrogen bonds and indirectly via solvent-mediated, hydrogen-bonding interactions between the chromophore and its intercalation site base-pairs. The cyclohexene ring and amino sugar substituent lie in the minor groove. The amino sugar N-3' forms a hydrogen bond with O-2 of the next neighbouring thymine. This electrostatic interaction helps position the sugar in a way that results in extensive van der Waals contacts between the drug and the DNA. There is no interaction between daunosamine and the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. We present full experimental details and all relevant conformational parameters, and use the comparison with a d(CGTACG)-daunomycin complex to rationalize some neighbouring sequence effects involved in daunomycin binding.
The clinical, radiologic, and operative examination of two patients with the Tessier number 9 cleft has allowed the first complete description of this, the rarest of the rare craniofacial clefts. Soft-tissue disruption extends from the lateral third of the upper eyelid through a distorted lateral end of the eyebrow to the temporal scalp, with an associated hairline indicator. The skeletal disturbance similarly radiates superolaterally from the superolateral orbital rim across the greater wing of the splenoid to the upper squamous temporal. The three-dimensional extent of the bony disruption is associated with distortion of the cranial base and calvaria above.
A technique of rigid miniscrew fixation of cantilever nasal bone grafts is described. This produces stable, predictable nasal contour and tip projection without significant bone graft resorption.
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The classification by Tessier of rare craniofacial clefts brought, for the surgeon, order to a previously confusing array of anatomic and developmental descriptions. An ordered two-dimensional categorization of severe clefting malformations evolved from his clinical, radiologic, and surgical observations. The purpose of this paper is to report a complete series of facial clefts studied with computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional reconstruction. The CT analysis supports some, but contradicts other, hypotheses and speculations presented by Tessier. The CT data reveal the scale of the reconstructive challenge and allow the assessment of our therapeutic interventions.