Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M H Thelen.
Female junior high school students (N = 175) were surveyed in an effort to ascertain present eating behavior as well as attitudes regarding dieting and concern about body weight. It was found that many subjects appear to have concerns as early as elementary school. Limitations of these findings are discussed as well as implications for further research.
In a retrospective study we evaluated the data of 112 patients who underwent radioiodine treatment for functional autonomy of the thyroid at Essen University Hospital from 1988 to 1993. Therapeutic activities of radioiodine were administered after individual determination of activity for intended radiation doses (150-300 Gy) taking into consideration autonomously functioning volume, maximum uptake, and effective half-life. The achieved dose was calculated by means of measurement of the radioiodine kinetics during therapy. Depending on the type of autonomous function of the thyroid (solitary autonomously functioning nodule, multiple autonomously functioning nodules, autonomously functioning thyroid tissue) volume reductions between 39 and 46% were found approximately 6 months after treatment.
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying the thyroid-hormone (L-tri-iodothyronine, T3)-induced elevation of fast-type sarcoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA1) levels in L6 myotubes and the potentiating effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) [Muller, van Hardeveld, Simonides and van Rijn (1991) Biochem. J. 275, 35-40]. T3 increased the SERCA1 protein level (per microgram of DNA) by 160%. The concomitant increase in the SERCA1 mRNA level was somewhat higher (240%). IGF-I also increased SERCA1 protein (110%) and mRNA levels (50%), whereas IGF-I + T3 increased SERCA1 protein and mRNA levels by 410% and 380% respectively. These SERCA1 mRNA analyses show that the more-than-additive action of T3 and IGF-I on SERCA1 expression is, at least in part, pre-translational in nature. Further studies showed that the half-life of SERCA1 protein in L6 cells (17.5 h) was not altered by T3. In contrast, IGF-I prolonged the half-life of SERCA1 protein 1.5-1.9-fold, which may contribute to the disproportional increase in SERCA1 protein content compared with mRNA by IGF-I. Measurements of SERCA1 mRNA half-life (as determined by actinomycin D chase) showed no difference from the control values (15.5 h) in the presence of T3 or IGF-I alone. When T3 and IGF-I were both present, the SERCA1 mRNA half-life was prolonged 2-fold. No significant effects of T3 and IGF-I were observed on the half-life of total protein (37.4 h) and total RNA (37.0 h). The absence of an effect of T3 on SERCA1 protein and mRNA stability, when it was present alone, suggested transcriptional regulation, which was confirmed by nuclear run-on experiments, showing a 3-fold increase in transcription frequency of the SERCA1 gene by T3. We conclude that the synergistic stimulating effects of T3 and IGF-I on SERCA1 expression are the result of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. T3 acts primarily at the transcriptional level by increasing the transcription frequency of the SERCA1 gene, whereas IGF-I seems to act predominantly at post-transcriptional levels by enhancing SERCA1 protein and mRNA stability, the latter, however, only in the presence of T3.
A large number of psychologists from the Division of Psychotherapy and the Division of Psychologists in Practice were surveyed to determine their attitudes about confidentiality. It was found that psychologists reference their personal code to a considerable extent when making decisions about breaching confidentiality and when providing information to their clients about confidentiality. Approximately one-fourth of the respondents believed in absolute confidentiality. These respondents were found to differ from those respondents who did not believe in confidentiality with respect to their actions as therapists, their beliefs about the effects of informing clients concerning limits of confidentiality, and their actually breaching of confidentiality. The two groups differed much less with reference to items that assessed knowledge of matters pertaining to confidentiality, as well as information afforded their clients. Possible stress and conflict experienced by those believing in absolute confidentiality, in light of legal and APA mandates, is discussed along with the need for future research.
Perceptions and attitudes of academic and applied clinical psychologists with regard to social psychology and several aspects of clinical psychology were compared, as were possible changes in perceptions over a 15-year period. Theory, research, and practice generally were seen as more relevant in 1984 than in 1969, particularly among the applied respondents. However, many of the academic and applied respondents continue to believe that the work in these areas is not highly socially relevant.
This study explored several factors associated with expected outcome of emotional expression and likelihood of expression among children. These variables were posited to be a reflection of children's affective display rules. Differences in outcome expectancies and likelihood of expression were assessed as a function of sex of parent, sex of subject, grade, and type of affect. 125 first-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children (mean ages, 6-9, 9-2, and 11-7, respectively) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental conditions involving either sad or angry affect inductions. Older boys reported less positive expectancies and lower likelihood of expression than younger boys; and boys had less positive expectancies and lower likelihood of expression for sadness than girls. A high correlation was obtained between outcome expectancy and likelihood of expression; the correlation was higher for sadness than anger, and higher among males than females. These results suggest that socialization practices tend to be directed toward the suppression of sadness among males.
Using a measure of bulimia (BULIT) that has demonstrated validity and reliability, the prevalence of bulimia among three samples of college females was found to range from 2.0 to 3.8%. These percentages are substantially lower than most previous reports would suggest. Factor analysis of the BULIT data revealed that the binging factor accounted for 63% of the variance. Other factors identified include vomiting, negative feelings about overeating, menstruation problems, preference for high caloric/easily ingested food, and weight fluctuations. The intercorrelations among the factors were examined and the implications of these data for the proposed revised DSM-III criteria for bulimia are discussed.
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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) presents a problem of massive dimensions. While inpatient approaches have been evaluated, outpatient treatment programs have received relatively little examination. Hypnosis and relaxation are two powerful techniques amenable to outpatient use. Seventeen outpatient subjects suffering from CLBP were assigned to either Self-Hypnosis (n = 9) or Relaxation (n = 8) treatments. Following pretreatment assessment, all subjects attended a single placebo session in which they received minimal EMG feedback. One week later the subjects began eight individual weekly treatment sessions. Subjects were assessed on a number of dependent variables at pretreatment, following the placebo phase, one week after the completion of treatment, and three months after treatment ended. Subjects in both groups showed significant decrements in such measures as average pain rating, pain as measured by derivations from the McGill Pain Questionnaire, level of depression, and length of pain analog line. Self-Hypnosis subjects reported less time to sleep onset, and physicians rated their use of medication as less problematic after treatment. While both treatments were effective, neither proved superior to the other. The placebo treatment produced nonsignificant improvement.
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