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M Hallgren

Publications and source records attributed to M Hallgren.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Preventative mental health care: accessing the target population.

OBJECTIVE: Preventative approaches to mental illness are becoming a focus of clinical and research settings. To date, however, few clinical programs have been established with this primary aim. This descriptive paper summarises patterns of referral to one service providing clinical care for young people known to be at high risk of developing a psychotic illness. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 20-month survey of referrals to the service revealed that most patients had a prolonged and circuitous route to assessment. Additionally, a lengthy time period elapsed between the onset of symptoms and initiation of help seeking. CONCLUSIONS: Information arising from this survey may influence the development of strategies to improve access to this service and others aimed at the prevention of psychosis. Further, this information may affect the development of generalised preventative mental health services for young people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A study evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron in combination with dexamethasone in the prevention of delayed platinum-induced nausea and emesis.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced emesis is one of the most disturbing side effects of cancer therapy. Control of acute emesis has improved substantially during recent years, but control of delayed emesis and nausea remains a challenging problem. The role of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of delayed emesis is disputed. METHODS: Tropisetron, a highly specific 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was compared (as an adjunct to dexamethasone) with placebo in a randomized, double blind, multicenter trial for the prevention of delayed emesis during platinum-containing chemotherapy. Three hundred chemotherapy-naive women with gynecologic malignancies were included. The cisplatin dose was in the range of 50-100 mg/m2. RESULTS: Acute emesis was prevented completely in 87% of patients and acute nausea in 77% of patients in the complete series. During the complete delayed period (Days 2-6), total control of emesis was achieved in 77% of the dexamethasone and tropisetron-treated patients and in 72% of the patients receiving dexamethasone and placebo (P = 0.2473). During the same period nausea was controlled completely in 42% of the dexamethasone and tropisetron group and in 41% of the dexamethasone and placebo group. On Day 3, complete protection from nausea was achieved in 65% of patients receiving tropisetron and in 51% of patients receiving placebo (P = 0.0304). Constipation occurred more frequently in the tropisetron group. CONCLUSIONS: Tropisetron added to dexamethasone improved control of delayed nausea on Day 3 compared with placebo. No significant differences were recorded regarding control of delayed emesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Chronic smoke exposure alters the phenotype pattern and the metabolic response in human alveolar macrophages.

Smoking induces a chronic inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tract, where the alveolar macrophages (AM) are the main phagocytes. In the present study, the expressions of different membrane glycoproteins (CD11abc, CD71, CD54, CD14 and CD16) were determined by flow cytometry in AM from smokers and non-smokers after quenching of the intracellular autofluorescence. The metabolic activity of the AM was quantified as a functional test. The expressions of CD11a, CD54 and CD71 were higher in non-smokers' AM than in smokers'. The expressions of CD11b and CD16 were similar between the groups, while the CD11c was higher in smokers' AM compared with non-smokers'. The expression of CD14 was weak in both groups, therefore there was no clear-cut difference between the background and positively labelled cell populations. The metabolic response after in vitro stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was higher in non-smokers' than in smokers' AM. Our results indicate that chronic exposure to tobacco smoke influences both the expression of AM membrane antigens and the metabolic activity. AM from non-smokers express a phenotype more related to cell proliferation and an accessory function. In contrast, receptors reflecting adhesion and phagocytosis were unaltered or even increased in smokers' AM. The findings suggest a functional change in the AM population after chronic smoke exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Monocyte and neutrophil adhesion to matrix proteins is selectively enhanced in the presence of inflammatory mediators.

The authors investigated the time course of monocyte and neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin, vitronectin and albumin precoated culture wells, using mixed leucocyte populations from healthy blood donors. Moreover, the influence of chemotactic agonists on the adhesion properties as well as the quantitative expression of CD29, CD11b/CD18 and CD61 was analysed by flow cytometry. Different chemotactic agonists were used representing a classical chemotactic agonist (fMLP), and agonists with a preferential effect on monocytes (RANTES) and neutrophils (IL-8), respectively. The authors found a gradual increase in monocyte and neutrophil adhesion to all three surfaces, reaching a plateau at 15 min of incubation. Adhesion to fibronectin was significantly higher at all time points (5, 15 and 60 min, respectively) compared with vitronectin and albumin in both monocytes and neutrophils. Neutrophil adhesion to vitronectin was significantly lower at 60 min compared with 15 min. Monocyte adhesion to albumin was increased by fMLP and RANTES and to vitronectin also by IL-8. Neutrophil adhesion to albumin and vitronectin was increased by fMLP and IL-8, but not RANTES. The adhesion to fibronectin was not altered by any of the chemotactic agonists used. The quantitative levels of CD11b/CD18, but not CD29 and CD61, was increased by fMLP, but not RANTES nor IL-8. The authors conclude that the adhesion of human monocytes and neutrophils to vitronectin and albumin, but not fibronectin, is selectively enhanced by chemotactic agonists and may contribute to the selective accumulation of different leucocyte subsets at the inflammatory site.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Altered expression of CD11b/CD18 and CD62L on human monocytes after cell preparation procedures.

We have investigated the effect of different cell preparation procedures on the surface expression of CD11b/CD18 and CD62L on human monocytes. Both EDTA and heparin anticoagulated blood were used as sources for leukocytes. The monocytes were analysed by flow cytometry in a mixed leukocyte suspensions obtained after ammonium chloride mediated lysis and in mononuclear cell suspension prepared by density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-Paque) performed both at 4 degrees C and at 20 degrees C. Monocytes from heparinized blood had a higher expression of CD11b/CD18 and a more pronounced inter-individual variation than monocytes from EDTA blood. Monocytes isolated by Ficoll-Paque had a higher degree of ex vivo activation by means of altered expression of CD11b/CD18 and CD62L compared to monocytes prepared by ammonium chloride mediated lysis. This was more pronounced when the isolation procedure was performed at 20 degrees C. Our findings indicate that monocytes prepared by ammonium chloride mediated lysis of EDTA blood and with the cell handling temperature kept at 4 degrees C are exposed to the smallest ex vivo modulation by means of receptor alteration. An awareness of ex vivo modulation by different cell preparation procedures is of importance especially when comparing the expression of functional receptors on leukocytes of disparate origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Up-regulation of antigens on alveolar macrophages in quartz exposed rats.

We have analysed the expression of the OX-6 and OX-42 antigens on alveolar macrophages in rats after intratracheal exposure to quartz. Eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study. Four were exposed to physiological saline and four to quartz dust. The rats were sacrificed after 58 +/- 2 weeks and alveolar macrophages were harvested and analysed by flow cytometry. We found a significant higher amount of both antigens on alveolar macrophages harvested from quartz exposed rats. However, we did not find any significant difference in the percentage positive labeled cells between the two groups. We conclude that quartz dust induces up-regulation of functional receptors on alveolar macrophages in rats and that quantitative analysis of these receptors may serve as inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar space.

Animals↗