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Biomedical subjects

M Hartnett

Publications and source records attributed to M Hartnett.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Treatment of malnutrition with 1.1% amino acid peritoneal dialysis solution: results of a multicenter outpatient study.

A peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution containing 1.1% amino acids as the osmotic agent was evaluated in a 3-month randomized, prospective, open-label study in malnourished PD patients. Patients in the treatment group (DAA) received one or two exchanges daily with the amino acid solution, depending on tolerance, in place of glucose solutions. Controls (DD) received their usual therapy with glucose dialysate. Fifty-four DAA and 51 DD patients completed the study. In DAA, but not in DD patients, there was a significant increase at month 3 in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and significant decreases in serum potassium (all 3 months) and inorganic phosphorus levels (months 1 and 3), indicating a general anabolic response. Prealbumin and transferrin levels were significantly increased in DAA but not in DD patients at month 1, but the groups did not differ at months 2 and 3. In patients with baseline albumin levels less than 3.5 g/dL (bromcresol green [BCG] method), DAA patients showed increases in albumin, transferrin (months 1 and 2), and prealbumin levels (all 3 months) relative to baseline values, whereas these serum protein levels were unchanged in DD patients, although the changes from baseline did not differ between groups. In this subgroup, midarm muscle circumference (MAMC) did not change in DD or DAA patients. In patients with baseline albumin levels of 3.5 g/dL or greater, DD patients had decreases in albumin and total protein levels at all 3 months and in prealbumin levels at months 1 and 2, relative to baseline. In DAA patients, there were fewer changes in serum proteins. MAMC increased significantly from baseline in DAA but not in DD patients, although changes from baseline did not differ between DAA and DD groups. DAA patients showed no changes in peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. The results indicate that treatment with one or two exchanges daily of this amino acid-based PD solution is safe and provides nutritional benefit for malnourished PD patients.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

Lipid hydroperoxide stimulates retinal neovascularization in rabbit retina through expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor.

To test the hypothesis that oxidative damage associated with tissue hypoxia plays a role in neovascularization, a lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) was injected into the vitreous of rabbits. Single injections of LHP (50-600 microg) caused a sustained retinal neovascularization visualized clinically by ophthalmoscopy and confirmed by microscopy. Vasodilators, i.e. histamine and nitric oxide, peaked at 6h and 7 days, respectively. The levels of both tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1alpha peaked at 12h and dropped to basal levels by 24h. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta peaked at 24h and were sustained throughout the following 3 weeks, and platelet-derived growth factor was also elevated throughout the same period. Upregulation of these five angiogenic cytokines, but not basic fibroblast growth factor, occurred prior to the appearance of neovascularization. Leakage of fluorescein at the tips of new vessels was demonstrated by fluorescein angiography. Linoleic hydroperoxide induced neovascularization, but saturated or unsaturated native C-18 fatty acids had no effect. The cascade of multiple, angiogenic cytokines induced by LHP may interact to promote sustained neovascularization.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Domperidone, a new dopamine antagonist.

Domperidone is a dopamine antagonist that has recently been released in Canada. Unlike metoclopramide hydrochloride, the other available dopamine antagonist, it does not readily enter the central nervous system. Domperidone acts as both an antiemetic and an upper gastrointestinal tract prokinetic agent. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, and few side effects have been reported. Domperidone has been approved for use in Canada for the symptomatic management of upper gastrointestinal tract motility disorders and to prevent gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the use of dopamine agonist agents in Parkinson's disease. The pharmacologic features, indications and side effects of domperidone are reviewed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

A light and electron microscopic analysis of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats.

The sequence of proximal tubular damage and repair after gentamicin sulfate administration was studied by light and electron microscopy in Fischer 344 rats. The drug was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg for up to 14 days. Although epithelial destruction was progressive with time, the extent and degree of tubular damage varied among animals at each interval. Tubule regeneration began to occur by the tenth day despite continued drug administration. Regenerating cells appeared to originate from residual epithelial cells in areas of tubular damage. The morphologically immature regenerating cells are apparently metabolically immature as well and appear not to be susceptible to toxic effects of the drug. Tubules were repopulated by 3 days following cessation of gentamicin administration. Except for foci of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, cortical tissues were comparable to controls ultrastructurally at the end of 31 days.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Extrarenal manifestations of cystic kidney disease.

Cystic disorders of the kidney may manifest their presence not only through renal but also through systemic signs and symptoms. Extrarenal manifestations include cerebral aneurysms, hepatic cysts, hepatic fibrosis, polycythemia, and retinal changes. Awareness of such associations strengthens the likelihood that renal cystic disease will be detected in its earlier stages. Involvement of organs other than the kidneys takes on added significance as the lives of affected individuals are prolonged through dialysis and renal transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term minoxidil therapy in patients with refractory hypertension and renal disease.

Minoxidil, an orally effective vasodilator, was successful in lowering blood pressure in 22 patients, followed up for up to 3 yrs, with hypertension refractory to medical management, including both antihypertensive drug combinations and ultrafiltration. In nondialysis patients renal function was preserved and in dialysis patients bilateral nephrectomy was avoided. Although sodium retention and reflex tachycardia were common, they were managed by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and diuresis with furosemide.

Adolescent↗