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Biomedical subjects

M Hatta

Publications and source records attributed to M Hatta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Reproductive and genetic evidence for a reticulate evolutionary history of mass-spawning corals.

Reef-building corals, which reproduce through simultaneous multispecies spawning, are thought to hybridize frequently, and it is hypothesized that they have evolved in repeated rounds of species separation and fusion. We conducted cross-fertilization experiments and molecular analyses with a number of mass-spawning coral species in the genus Acropora. A high rate of interspecific fertilization occurred between some species despite very different morphologies. The hybrid larvae developed normally and contained an allelic sequence transmitted from each parent, suggesting common diploid hybridization. Molecular phylogenetic analyses provided strong evidence for a gene pool shared between the hybridizing species. These reproductive and genetic characteristics are consistent with a species complex formed under the separation/fusion processes predicted for a reticulate evolutionary history.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Patient contact is the major determinant in incident leprosy: implications for future control.

Notwithstanding the elimination efforts, leprosy control programs face the problem of many leprosy patients remaining undetected. Leprosy control focuses on early diagnosis through screening of household contacts, although this high-risk group generates only a small proportion of all incident cases. For the remaining incident cases, leprosy control programs have to rely on self-reporting of patients. We explored the extent to which other contact groups contribute to incident leprosy. We examined retrospectively incident leprosy over 25 years in a high-endemic village of 2283 inhabitants in Sulawesi, Indonesia, by systematically reviewing data obtained from the local program and actively gathering data through interviews and a house-to-house survey. We investigated the contact status in the past of every incident case. In addition to household contact, we distinguished neighbor and social contacts. Of the 101 incident cases over a 25-year period, 79 (78%) could be associated to contact with another leprosy patient. Twenty-eight (28%) of these 101 cases were identified as household contacts, 36 (36%) as neighbors, and the remaining 15 (15%) as social contacts. Three patients had not had a traceable previous contact with another leprosy patient, and no information could be gathered from 19 patients. The median span of time from the registration of the primary case to that of the secondary case was 3 years; 95% of the secondary cases were detected within 6 years after the primary case. The estimated risk for leprosy was about nine times higher in households of patients and four times higher in direct neighboring houses of patients compared to households that had had no such contact with patients. The highest risk of leprosy was associated with households of multibacillary patients. The risk of leprosy for households of paucibacillary patients was similar to the risk of leprosy for direct neighboring houses of multibacillary patients, indicating that both the type of leprosy of the primary case and the distance to the primary case are important contributing factors for the risk of leprosy. Contact with a leprosy patient is the major determinant in incident leprosy; the type of contact is not limited to household relationships but also includes neighbor and social relationships. This finding can be translated into a valuable and sustainable tool for leprosy control programs and elimination campaigns by focusing case detection and health promotion activities not only on household contacts but also on at least the neighbors of leprosy cases.

Contact Tracing↗
PubMed1999

Seroprevalence rates of antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-I among school children as an indicator of leprosy endemicity.

In order to study whether the seroprevalence of antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) among school children is a useful indicator of the leprosy problem in certain areas, school surveys were carried out. These surveys have the advantage of targeting an easily accessible, stable and standardized population. Antibodies to the species-specific PGL-I of Mycobacterium leprae were detected in a simple gelatin particle agglutination test. We have determined the seroprevalence rates in 2835 school children from five different areas in three provinces of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Three areas with a case-detection rate of over 3.4/10,000 were designated as high-endemic areas. The other two were designated as low-endemic areas, having a case-detection rate of less than 1/10,000. The seroprevalence rates in the three high-endemic areas ranged from 26% to 28% (95% CI 21%-31%). In both low-endemic areas the seroprevalence rate was 7% (95% CI 5%-10%). In a second survey conducted in one high-endemic area 3 years after the first survey, the seroprevalence rate was the same as in the first survey. These results indicate that seropositivity rates among school children may reflect the leprosy incidence. They illustrate the potential applicability of seroprevalence as an indicator of the magnitude of the leprosy problem in a selected area.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

The structure and expression of a preprohormone of a neuropeptide, Hym-176 in Hydra magnipapillata.

Hym-176 (APFIFPGPKVamide) is a novel myoactive neuropeptide which was identified in systematic screening of signaling peptides in Hydra magnipapillata. By using PCR and library screening, we cloned and sequenced a full length cDNA which encoded a preprohormone of Hym-176. In the preprohormone, a typical signal sequence, one copy of Hym-176 precursor peptide and one copy of precursor sequence of another novel peptide, Hym-357 (KPAFLFKGYKPamide), were detected. In situ hybridization analysis revealed a strong signal in peduncle neurons. Signals were also detected, though weaker, in neurons in the gastric region and around the mouth. No signals were detected in the two extremities of the body, tentacles and basal disk. The expression pattern is correlated with the distribution of Hym-176 and its myoactive function.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Choosing the decolourizer and its strength to stain Mycobacterium leprae. Does it actually matter?

Leprosy bacilli are more easily decolourized during staining than tuberculosis bacilli, so a weaker concentration of decolourizer is usually recommended. In Indonesia, the same 'strong' decolourizer is used for identifying both organisms. In a study to compare the results using different concentrations of different decolourizers, no difference could be found in the bacterial index (BI). It is suggested that the same staining technique can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Anesthetic management for microlaryngeal surgery with high frequency jet ventilation and intravenous application of pentazocine and propofol].

Microlaryngeal surgery was performed with total intravenous anesthesia using pentazocine and propofol in 20 patients. The patients were paralyzed by suxamethonium infusion and ventilated by high frequency jet ventilation via the laryngoscope. In place of the opioid analgesics commonly used in TIVA for microlaryngeal surgery, pentazocine was given. All but one of the patients received pentazocine 15 m.g. intramuscularly as a premedication and then another 15 m.g. intravenously for induction of anesthesia. Average time of surgeries was 33.6 minutes. Average doses of pentazocine and suxamethonium given during surgeries were 369 m.g. and 286 m.g., respectively. This technique allowed stable anesthesia to be achieved with rapid postoperative recovery, without serious complications like intraoperative return of awareness.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1997

Systematic isolation of peptide signal molecules regulating development in hydra: LWamide and PW families.

To isolate new peptide signal molecules involved in regulating developmental processes in hydra, a novel screening project was developed. Peptides extracted from the tissue of Hydra magnipapillata were systematically purified to homogeneity using HPLC. A fraction of each purified peptide was examined by differential display-PCR for its ability to affect gene expression in hydra. Another fraction was used to determine the tentative structure using an amino acid sequence analyzer and/or a mass spectrometer. Based on the results, peptides of potential interest were selected for chemical synthesis, followed by confirmation of the identity of the synthetic with the native peptides using HPLC. Using this approach, 286 peptides have been isolated, tentative amino acid sequences have been determined for 95 of them, and 19 synthetic peptides identical to native ones were produced. The 19 synthetic peptides were active in a variety of biological tests. For example, Hym-54 stimulated muscle contraction in adult polyps of hydra and sea anemone, Anthopleura fuscoviridis, and induced metamorphosis of planula, the larval stage, into polyps in a marine hydrozoan species, Hydractinia serrata. Another peptide, Hym-33H, inhibited nerve cell differentiation in hydra and induced tissue contraction in planula of Hydractinia serrata. The evidence obtained so far suggests that hydra contains a large number (>350) of peptide signal molecules involved in regulating developmental or other processes in cnidaria. These peptides can be isolated and their functions examined systematically with the new approach developed in this study.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Identification of a Hydra homologue of the beta-catenin/plakoglobin/armadillo gene family.

The beta-catenin/plakoglobin/armadillo gene family encodes a group of highly conserved proteins which play important roles in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and in signal transduction mechanisms involved in regulating development. This gene family previously had been isolated only from higher metazoans. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a beta-catenin (beta Ctn) homologue from Hydra magnipapillata, a diploblastic lower metazoan. Comparison of the putative amino acid (aa) sequence of Hydra beta Ctn, with its homologues in higher metazoans, shows that a repeating 42-aa motif present in its central domain is highly conserved throughout the metazoa. This suggests that beta Ctn appeared very early in metazoan evolution, possibly when primitive multicellular animals started to form epithelial cell layers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Isolation and characterization of a mini-collagen gene encoding a nematocyst capsule protein from a reef-building coral, Acropora donei.

Genomic and cDNA clones of a mcol gene encoding mini-collagen (MCOL), a nematocyst capsule protein, have been isolated from a reef-building coral, Acropora donei (Anthozoa). The gene and its flanking regions, comprising 5382 bp and covering three exons and two introns, were sequenced. Exons 2 and 3 together have an open reading frame which can encode a MCOL of 176 amino acids (aa). The coral MCOL has all the characteristic regions present in the four hydra MCOL specified by the four mcol cDNA clones previously isolated from Hydra magnipapillata (Hydrozoa) by Kurz et al. [J. Cell Biol. 115 (1991) 1159-1169], including a central Gly-Xaa-Yaa region and flanking Pro-rich and Cys-repeat regions. This observation suggests that a mcol family is highly conserved in Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, and also that the characteristic regions present in MCOL are essential for the structure and function of these peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

A case of true hermaphroditism with androgen insensitivity.

A phenotypically normal woman with a 46, XY karyotype was found to have a testis, an ovotestis, bilateral rudimentary uteri, and bilateral fallopian tubes. The endocrinological and pathological aspects of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

beta-Carbolinium cations, endogenous MPP+ analogs, in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease.

We measured beta-carbolinium cations (BC+s) endogenous analogs of the N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), in the lumbar CSF of 22 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 11 age-matched controls without any symptoms of parkinsonism. Among the BC+s, 2,9-diemethylnorharmanium cation (2,9-Me2NH+), the most potent neurotoxicant that mirrors MPP+ in mitochondria toxicity, was present in 12 patients with PD but not in controls. Although the 2-monomethylated beta-carbolinium cations (2-MeBC+s), which were present in almost all subjects, registered a slightly higher level in PD patients than in controls, the difference was not significant. The total BC+ content, sum of 2-MeBC+ and 2,9-Me2NH+ levels, was significantly higher in PD patients than in controls. The 2-MeBC+ contents significantly increased with the progression of the PD, but 2,9-Me2NH+ decreased as the disease exacerbated, although levels varied within a wide range. The present results strongly support the hypothesis that "bioactivated" BC+s, especially 2,9-Me2NH+s, may be the endogenous causative factors underlying PD.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium↗
PubMed1995

Antitumor mechanisms of Eubacterium lentum and its components.

In the present study, some antitumor mechanisms of Eubacterium lentum (TYH-11) and bacterial components having antitumor effects were investigated. E.lentum induced maximum NK cell activity in C3H/He mice on day 1 after injection (90.6% against 33.9% of control at E:T ratio 50:1) and the activity was kept at a level of 48.6% on day 7. Tumoricidal peritoneal macrophages were induced 9 days after E.lentum injection into BALB/c mice (56.2% against 10.1% control at E:T ratio 10:1). Tumoricidal macrophage activity persisted at the same level for at least 11 days. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was induced only in tumor bearing mice treated with E.lentum, 4 weeks after tumor inoculation. Antitumor activity was observed in the cell wall (CW) and membrane fractions (CM) of E.lentum. CW induced NK cell activity; the activity was transient while the kinetics of NK activity by CM showed 2 peaks, on day 1 and day 7. Tumoricidal macrophages were induced by CW and the activity level was the same as that induced by whole body, while that induced by CM was at a lower level. Neither CW nor CM induced CTL in tumor bearing mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the Mycobacterium leprae particle agglutination (MLPA) test as a tool in the epidemiology of leprosy in high prevalence village in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

This study reports on the usefulness of an IgM phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1) Mycobacterium leprae particle agglutination (MLPA) test for serodiagnosis of leprosy in a prospective longitudinal community survey in a high prevalence village in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, IgM PGL-1 MLPA has simple and limited value as a screening method for detection of transmission of leprosy in the community. Many normal persons in the community in a high prevalence area had increased IgM anti PGL-1 antibodies, presumably as a consequence of early subclinical infection. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the MLPA test can only reliably detect anti-PGL-1 antibodies in the community and may be useful for follow-up study of subclinical infection of leprosy among individuals living the an endemic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Inhalation of calcium channel blocking agents protects against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.

The calcium channel blockers, diltiazem and verapamil, and the beta agonist orciprenaline sulfate all demonstrated significant protection against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in 11 stable asthmatics (5 males and 6 females). Ten and 20 mg of inhaled diltiazem, 5 mg of verapamil or 30 mg of orciprenaline administered 15 min before stepwise increasing doses of methacholine hydrochloride produced significant reduction in respiratory resistance (Rrs), minimum dose of methacholine hydrochloride required for Rrs increase (Dmin) and bronchial reactivity measured with an Astograph. The mechanism of action of the calcium channel blockers is presumably at the level of the smooth muscle cells themselves. The combination of positive influence and lack of any adverse effect on blood pressure or heart rate with any of the agents tested indicates that their clinical application for alleviation of acute asthma can be recommended.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

[A case of normal pressure hydrocephalus with orthostatic hypotension].

A 67-year-old male case of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) after subarachnoid hemorrhage with orthostatic hypotension is reported. He was admitted with gait disturbance two months after a V-P shunt procedure for NPH. Because of shunt malfunction, a triad of clinical symptoms of NPH (dementia, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence) appeared and orthostatic hypotension developed. These conditions gradually worsened. After a reshunting procedure, the triad of NPH symptoms diminished and orthostatic hypotension disappeared. The same etiology that induced NPH symptoms was suspected in this orthostatic hypotension. Tension against the frontal lobes and on the walls of the third ventricle may affect the higher blood pressure regulatory apparatus of the autonomic nervous system which consisted of frontal lobe cortex, limbic system and hypothalamus.

Aged↗